BIO 256 Exam 3 SB
Platelets
stick to the damaged area of a blood vessel and help seal the break
If acetylcholine is applied to the heart, but cardiac output is to remain constant, which of the following would have to happen?
stroke volume must increase
When the systemic mean arterial pressure is less than 60 mm Hg,
syncope may follow
Which is NOT a function of blood?
synthesis of hormones
The viscosity of blood most directly affects?
systemic vascular resistance
The viscosity of blood most directly affects
systemic vascular resistances
The pulse pressure is?
systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure
If blood hydrostatic pressure equals 30 mm Hg, blood colloid osmotic pressure equals 26 mm Hg, interstitial fluid osmotic pressure equals 5 mm Hg, and the interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure equals 2 mm Hg, the net filtration will be
+ 7 mm Hg
If blood hydrostatic pressure equals 30 mmHg, blood colloid osmotic pressure equals 2 mm Hg, interstitial fluid osmotic pressure equals 25 mm Hg, and interstitial hydrostatic pressure equals 2 mm Hg, the net filtration pressure will be
+5 mm Hg
Which will decrease blood pressure?
nitric oxide
Isotonic muscle contraction
no changing tension, changes length
Which provides a positive chronotropic effect on the heart?
norepinephrine
Which is NOT a possible result of chronic hypertension?
obesity
Initiation of a cardiac action potential in contracting cardiac muscle cells begins with?
opening of voltage-gated fast sodium channels
Initiation of a cardiac action potential in contracting cardiac muscle cells beings with
opening voltage-gated fast sodium channels
Angina pectoris is
pain accompanying myocardial ischemia
Which hormone reduces blood pressure?
Atrial Natruiretic Peptide (ANP)
Zobob is a cigarette smoker. His hematocrit is 56%, which is higher than normal. What physiological process is causing his elevated hematocrit?
Carbon monoxide in the smoke blocks the spots on hemoglobin that could deliver oxygen to the tissues, including the kidneys. Therefore, the kidneys make more erythropoietin, promoting the elevated hematocrit.
Which of the following is true about smooth muscles?
Certain smooth muscle cells can actually divide to increase their numbers
Which ion is NOT directly involved in a muscle action potential?
Cl-
A man has been told that he is not synthesizing enough follicle-stimulating (FSH), and for this reason may be unable to father a child. Choose the correct statement to explain this problem
FSH regulates ovaries and testes function. This means the man is not producing sperm
When old red blood cells are worn out, their components are recycled. The globin from the hemoglobin is
It is transported to the bone marrow via the a protein called transferrin
When a muscle fiber is stimulated by acetylcholine, ____ channels on the plasma membrane open.
Na+
Which is the correct sequence of events in a cardiac myocardium action potential?
Na+ inward flux --> Ca++ inward flux --> K+ outward flux
Voltage-gated ___ channels are associated with depolarization of cardiac muscle, but voltage-gated __ channels are associated with depolarization.
Na+, K+
Voltage-gated ___ channels are associated with depolarization of cardiac muscle, but voltage-gated ___ channels are associated with repolarization.
Na+, K+
If a doctor orders a blood test requiring the use of serum...?
No anticoagulant should be added to the tube of blood
Which of the following hormones provides a positive chronotropic effect on the heart?
Norepinephrine
In an exercising muscle, myoglobin repletes ___ and creatine phosphate repletes___.
O2, ATP
On an EKG, the ___ wave represents atrial depolarization, while the ___ wave represents ventricular depolarization.
P, QRS
Which blood cells orchestrate the complex interactions of cell functions in the immune system, allowing the body to eliminate infections?
T-lymphocytes
In muscle action potential, the wave of positive mV charge travels through the ____ to the sarcoplasm from the sarcolemma.
T-tubules
Select the correct statement about the function of myocardial cells
The all-or none law as applied to cardiac muscle means that the atria or ventricles contract as a unit or not at all.
A sarcomere is
The area between two Z discs
Fred's blood was determined to be AB positive. What does this mean?
There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to RH antigens in his plasma
Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes?
They are all nucleated
____ binds Ca++, exposing _____ binding sites on _____.
Troponin, myosin, actin
An extended P-Q interval on an EKG usually indicates
a blockage in the conduction system
Coagulation of blood produces
a fibrin clot
Acute hypotension may be the result of
a large-scale blood loss
Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes?
a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output
A motor unit is
a motor neuron and the myofibers it stimulates
Cardiac ischemia can result in
a myocardial infarction
Cardiac ischemia can result in
a myocardial infraction
Muscle tone is
a state of sustained partial contraction of muscles.
The first thing that stops a muscle contraction after a motor neuron stops sending ACh is:
acetylcholinesterase destroys the ACh as it is removed from the membrane receptors
The sliding filament model of contraction involves
actin and myosin sliding past each other but not shortening.
Cancer of lymphoblasts developing quickly in a young child would be called
acute lymphocytic leukemia
Which blood protein(s) regulates osmotic pressure, pulling water into the blood?
albumin
Which will increase blood pressure?
alcohol
Which of the following is NOT part of the conduction system of the heart?
atrioventricular valve
Oxygen is transported by red blood cells, it is carried by
attaching to the iron ion in heme
Which is NOT directly involved in maintaining your blood pressure?
the thymus
which of the following are composed of actin?
thin filaments
The conversion of soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin requires direct enzymatic conversion by
thrombin
Blood clotting is initiated by
tissue damaging events
When erythrocytes are worn and tattered, the hemoglobin is recycled. Transferrin assists in this by
transferring the iron to the red bone marrow for incorporation into new hemoglobin
Sickling of red blood cells can be produced in those with sickle-cell anemia by
travel at high altitudes
The warm-up period required of athletes in order to bring their muscles to peak performance is called
treppe
When you go from squatting to standing too quickly, you feel dizzy. The drop in blood pressure stimulates vasoconstriction and increased heart rate to compensate. This is called the
baroreceptor reflex
When you go from squatting to standing too quickly, you feel dizzy. The drop in blood pressure stimulates vasoconstriction and increased heart rate to compensate. This is called the?
baroreceptor reflex
The least abundant human leukocytes are the
basophils
Zobob has mitral valve stenosis and incompetence. She is having trouble breathing and she is coughing up a whitish sputum. How would her heart problems be causing her pulmonary symptoms?
because the stenosis and incompetence make the left ventricle's pumping inefficient, this results in positive net filtration pressure. So fluid builds up in the lungs, thus the sputum formation.
Which cell type makes insulin in the pancreas?
beta cells
Which is NOT a term referring to the immune system proteins made by plasma cells?
beta globulins
What ion is responsible for the depolarization of cardiac autorhythmic cells during an action potential?
calcium
The molecule binding calcium in smooth muscle cells is
camlodulin
An individual who is AB negative...?
can donate to AB+ and AB-
An individual who is blood type AB negative
can receive any blood type in moderate amounts except that with the Rh antigen
Gas exchange occurs in
capillaries
The blood vessel type allowing exchange of respiratory gases, delivery of nutrients, and removal of wastes to and from the tissues is the
capillary
The function of hemoglobin is to
carry oxygen
Nitric Oxide
causes local vasodilation
Norepinephrine acts on heart muscle cells by
causing threshold to be reached more quickly
In muscle contraction, calcium acts to
change the shape of the troponin-tropomyosin complex
In an isotonic contraction, the muscle...?
changes in length and moves the "load"
In an isotonic contraction, the muscle:
changes in length and moves the "load"
Poor nutrition may lead to
chronic hypertension
Which is NOT a risk factor for essential hypertension?
circulatory shock
Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?
closure of heart valves
The second heart sound (dubb) is caused by the
closure of semilunar valves
Which is a blood vessel that does NOT do vasodilation or vasoconstriciton?
conducting artery
What is the most important factor affecting stroke volume?
contractility
Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure.
excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase
Which of the following is NOT a cause of bleeding disorders?
excess secretion of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
Calcium ions bind to ____ in skeletal muscle cells.
troponin
Calcium ions bind to _____ in skeletal muscle cells.
troponin
when red blood cells wear out the iron of hemoglobin is saved and recycled. the remainder of the heme is
excreted as bile pigments (bilirubin)
What causes the sounds heard in an artery when blood pressure is measured?
turbulence
When neither anti-A serum nor anti-B serum clot on a blood plate with donor blood, the blood type is ____.
type 0
Factors that aid venous return include all except
urinary output
All of the following conditions impair coagulation EXCEPT
vascular spasm
Blood flow to a tissue increases if...?
vasodilation increases
The blood vessel type removing carbon dioxide and wastes from the tissues is the
vein
skeletal muscle assists the heart in moving blood through
veins
Platelets initially stick to the wall of a damaged blood vessel because
exposed collagen fibers make a rough surface to which platelets are attracted
Negative chronotropic factors are
factors that decrease heart rate
Starlings law of the heart states that the heart contracts less forcefully when it fills with more blood.
false
The sheet of connective tissue beneath skin around a muscle, providing a pathway for nerves and blood vessels is called the
fascia
Which of the following is NOT a complication of aplastic anemia?
hypertension
The effect of endurance-type athletic training may be to lower the resting heart rate. This phenomenon is caused by what?
hypertrophy of the heart muscle
Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes
lowering of blood pressure, do to change in cardiac output
Where in the body would you find low blood oxygen levels causing vasoconstriction and high levels causing vasolidation?
lungs
Which returns fluid escaping from the circulatory system to the circulatory system?
lymphatic vessels
Which of the following is a precursor of a lymphocyte?
lymphoblast
Which is NOT or does NOT become a phagocyte?
lymphocyte
Which of the following is a regulatory function of blood?
maintenance of normal pH in body tissues
As red blood cells age
membranes "wear out" and the cells become damaged.
Which of the following is a precursor of a neutrophil?
meyoblasts
Which of the following is a precursor of a monocyte?
monoblasts
No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in
monocytes
Which blood cells migrate to tissues to become macrophages?
monocytes
A person with chronic granulocytic leukemia is ____ likely to suffer a bacterial infection in/on their body
more
An athlete sitting next to a non-athlete of the same weight and height, watching the same TV show, is burning more calories because the athlete has
more muscle tone
The myocardium requires ____ oxygen than skeletal muscle and has ____ mitochondria
more, more
Each muscle fiber is stimulated by a nerve ending known as a(n)
motor end plate
A motor neuron and the myofibers it innervates is known as a(n)
motor unit
Heart sounds other than those caused by closing of valves are called
murmurs
How does exercising assure greater blood delivery to the active muscles?
muscle blood flow can increase tenfold or more during physical activity as vasodilation occurs
The number of muscle fibers in a contracted state in an otherwise relaxed muscle is known as its
muscle tone
Which of the following is a precursor of an eosinophil?
myeloblast
which of the following is a precursor of an eosinophil?
myeloblast
Oxygen is stored in myofibers on/in
myogoblin
The most abundant human leukocytes are the
neutrophils
Which blood cells increase in number, with immature forms appearing the circulating blood, to do phagocytosis to eliminate bacterial infections?
neutrophils
The tricuspid valve is closed
when the right ventricle is in systole
The tricuspid valve is closed
when the ventricle is in systole
James has a hemoglobin measurement of 15 g/100 ml blood. This is
within normal range
The father is Rh- and the mother is Rh+. They have had three children without adverse problems due to the Rh factor. The mother is pregnant again. In terms of the Rh factor, the risk to this fetus
never was a problem
Which of the following surrounds a bundle of myofibers?
perimysium
A lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and large pale red blood cells called macrocytes, is characteristic of...?
pernicious anemia
a lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of vitamin b12 and large pale red blood cells called macrocytes, is a characteristic of:
pernicious anemia
Acute leukemia is more common in ____ persons; chronic leukemia is more common in ____ persons.
younger, older
The initial stimulus for vasoconstriction occuring in hemostasis is
physical damage to the vessel
Which is an anticoagulant protein that can dissolve clots, thus limiting their size to that necessary? This protein is made as needed from an inactive precursor in plasma
plasmin
Which blood cell type is really just a fragment of the cytoplasm of a bone marrow megakaryocyte, surrounded by plasma membrane?
platelet
Which formed element is NOT a cell?
platelet
The buffy coat of centrifuged blood consists mainly of
platelets/white blood cells (NOT SERUM)
Zobob has a hematocrit of 75% with 6% reticulocytes. His blood pressure is elevated and his skin is very reddish. What is his disorder and what is its cause?
polycythemia vera, uncontrolled erythropoiesis.
Control of blood flow through a capillary bed occurs at its
precapillary sphincter
Which is the most important factor affecting stroke volume?
preload
Which of the following is a protective function of blood?
prevention of blood loss
Which of the following is NOT required for erythropoiesis?
production of vacuoles
Place the following in the correct developmental sequence: normoblast, late erythroblast, pro erythroblast, reticulocyte
proerythroblast, late erythroblast, normoblast, reticulocyte
Aldosterone will
promote an increase in blood pressure
Stenosis of the mitral valve may initially cause a pressure increase in the
pulmonary veins
Which anticoagulant is released by intact endothelial cells to prevent inappropriate clot formation?
quinone
glucose delivered to a recovering myofiber is used to
re-establish glycogen stores
Which takes the longest time in a contracting skeletal myofiber?
recovery
When stimuli bring about more and more fibers in a contracted state, this is called
recruitment
When stimuli bring about more and more fibers in a contracted state, this is called...?
recruitment
When a muscle is temporarily unable to respond to stimuli, it is in which of the following periods?
refractory period
The major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction is to:
regulate intracellular calcium concentration
The diameter of blood vessels most directly affects
resistance
The lymphatic vessels
return fluid escaping the circulatory system to veins above the heart
Where is the pacemaker of the heart located?
right atrium
The muscle cell plasma membrane is called a(n)
sarcolemma
Virtually all of the protein or amino acid-based hormones exert their effects through intracellular
second messengers
Excessive secretion of the hormone renin can cause
secondary hypertension
Which is NOT a vital sign used to asses the cardiovascular system?
serum cholesterol
____ is the liquid portion of blood after coagulation. It has ___ protein than before coagulation
serum, less
The influence of blood vessel diameter on peripheral resistance is
significant because resistance is directly proportional to the blood vessel
The stimulus for atrial contraction originates at the ___, while the stimulus for ventricular contraction originates at the ___.
sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node
The stimulus for atrial contraction originates at the ___, while the stimulus for ventricular contraction originates at the ____.
sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node
Which requires nervous system input for stimulation of muscle contraction?
skeletal muscle
Bradycardia is a ____ heartbeat while tachycardia is a ____ heartbeat
slow, fast
Smooth muscle is significantly different from striated muscle in several ways. Which of the following is true?
smooth muscle can shorten and stretch more than striated muscle
During contraction of heart muscle cells
some calcium enters the cytoplasm quickly from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, then more calcium comes in from the extracellular space.
Chemical analysis can be used to asses a person's health
status of their whole body
In an isometric contraction, muscles
stay the same length
Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise?
Capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood.
During a normal cardiac cycle, the atria contract when they are directly stimulated by the
SA node
Initiation of a normal heart beat is the responsibility of the
SA node
Initiation of the heart beat is the responsibility of the
SA node
Which lists the components of the heart's conduction system in the proper order?
SA node, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, conduction myofibers
the pacemaker of the heart. located where?
SA node. upper right atrium
Mechanisms that do NOT help auto regulate blood pressure include?
dural sinus reflex
The process of forming new red blood cells is called
erythropoiesis
If lymphatic vessels are blocked, then in areas drained by the blocked vessels...?
interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure increases
If lymphatic vessels are blocked, then in areas drained by the blocked vessels
interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure increases.
Cerebral blood flow is regulated by?
intrinsic auto regulation mechanisms
Which is not a nutrient required for erythropoiesis?
iodine
The effect of endurance-type athletic training may be to lower the resting heart rate. This phenomenon
is caused by hypertrophy of the heart muscle
After nervous stimulation of the muscle cell has ceased, the acetylcholine
is destroyed by acetylcholine esterase
The primary organs whose macrophages are responsible for phagocytizing worn-out blood cells are the?
liver and spleen
Mechanisms that do NOT help auto regulate blood pressure include
liver synthesis of albumin blood protein
mechanisms that do NOT help autoregulate blood pressure include
liver synthesis of albumin blood protein and alcohol
All of the following can be expected with polycythemia except
low blood viscosity
If plasma proteins are lost due to kidney disease, then which of the following pressure changes occur as a result?
Blood colloid osmotic pressure decreases
Which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension?
170/96 in a 50 year old man
The normal lymphocyte percentage of white blood cells is
25%
Which sequence is correct for the following events: 1: fibrinogen>fibrin 2: clot retraction 3:formation of thromboplastin 4:prothrombin>thrombin
3,4,1,2
On average, normal resting cardiac output for an adult is about
5 liters/min
Normal cardiac output is about ____ L/min.
5.2
Which of the following represents a normal differential count in a healthy adult?
65% neutrophils, 25% lymphocytes, 6% monocytes, 3% eosinophils, 1% basophils
Creatine phosphate in a muscle cell allows it to replenish
ATP
Creatine phosphate in muscle cell allows it to replenish:
ATP
Rigor mortis occurs because
ATP required to detach myosin from actin molecules is depleted
Damage to the ____ is referred to as a heart block
AV node
Which anatomical component of the intrinsic autorhythmicity system of the heart functions to assure that the ventricles contract after the atria?
AV node
damage to the ____ is referred to as a heart block
AV node (atrioventricular)
The first thing that stops a muscle contraction after a motor neuron stops releasing acetylcholine is
Acetocholinesterase destroys the acetylcholine as it is removed from the membrane receptors
Which is the correct equation for the relationship between blood pressure (BP), cardiac output (CO), and peripheral resistance (PR)?
BP=COxPR
The cardiac muscle contraction occurs when
Ca enters the myofibers through slow channels
Cardiac muscle fibers remain depolarized longer than skeletal muscle fibers because
Ca++ enters the cytosol from the extracellular fluid to contribute more depolarization just after Na+ has entered.
the cardiac muscle CONTRACTION occurs when
Ca++ enters the myofibers through slow channels
Which indicated an EKG with ventricular fibrullation? (images included)
D
Zobob committed suicide by taking an overdose of sleeping pills. When his body was found, he still held the bottle in his hand and the coroner could not pry open his hand. Why was his hand still holding the bottle? How long had it been since he died?
He was in rigor mortis due to lack of ATP. He had been dead between 3 and 12 hours.
Aldosterone
Hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that regulates blood pressure by increasing the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys
A drop in blood pressure stimulates the cardiovascular center to?
Increase blood pressure and heart rate via epinephrine
Place the following in the correct developmental sequence
Proerythroblast, late erythroblast, normoblast, reticulocyte
Select the correct statement regarding blood cell formation.
Red marrow is the main site of blood cell formation throughout adult life.
Jane has a hemoglobin measurement of 10 g/100 ml blood. This is
abnormally low
The normal neutrophil percentage of white blood cells is
above 60%
James has a hematocrit of 62% This is:
above normal
The neurotransmitter initiating a muscle action potential is
acetylcholine
Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis?
an increased number of RBC's
Which blood vessel would you find has the highest blood pressure?
aorta
Pulse is measured in
arteries
The blood vessel type bringing oxygen and nutrients to the tissues is the
artery
Which is a pharmaceutical anticoagulant that works by inhibiting thromboxane A2 formation by activated platelets?
aspirin
The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates
atrial depolarization
Which component of the intrinsic autorhythmicity system of the heart functions to assure that the ventricles contract after the atria?
atrioventricular node
If a person has hepatitis, the liver may not convert bile pigments normally or transport them appropriately to the gall bladder. Thus pigments accumulate in the blood; this is called jaundice. Which bile pigment would you expect to be in highest concentration in the blood of a person with this condition?
bilirubin
Which does NOT contain iron?
bilirubin
select the correct statement about blood flow...
blood flow through the entire vascular system is equivalent to cardiac output
During the period of ventricular filling
blood flows from the atria and through the open AV valves
which provides a long term control for blood pressure?
blood volume and kidneys
Growth Hormone major targets
bones/skeletal
The dicrotic notch refers to the
brief rise in aortic pressure caused by back flow of blood rebounding off the aortic semilunar valve
The dichotic notch refers to the?
brief rise in aortic pressure caused by backflow of blood rebounding off the aortic semilunar valve
Stimulation of the heart by the vagus nerve causes the heart rate to
decrease
A patient with essential hypertension might have pressures of 200/120 mm Hg. This hypertensive state could result in all of the following changes EXCEPT
decreased size of the heart muscle
Acetylcholine
decreases the heart rate
Immediately following the arrival of the stimulus at a skeletal muscle cell there is a short period called the ____ period during which calcium ions are released from the terminal cisterae
depolarization
Red blood cells do not consume any of the oxygen they transport because they
do not have mitochondria
A clot floating creely in an unbroken blood vessel is called a (n):
embolism
Which of the following is NOT one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure?
emotional state
Which of the following surrounds the individual muscle cell?
endomysium
A heart beat is normally initiated when
enough Ca++ enters the cells of a sinoatrial node to reverse their reseting potentials
steroid hormones exert their action by
entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering gene expression
Formed elements found in the blood that are about 7-8 Um in diameter with no nuclei are
erhtryocytes
When cardiac muscle cells die the result is
fibrosis
regulating hormones from the hypothalamus
first enter into the hypopyseal portal system
Which is the best definition of blood pressure?
force per unit area exerted on the wall of a blood vessel
Which blood protein(s) serve as antibodies that tag foreign substances for elimination from the body?
gamma globulins
Heavy exercise causes skeletal muscles to use _____ primarily for their energy needs
glycogen
Blood group antigens, including the ABO blood group antigens on the surface of blood cells, are comprised of
glycoproteins
Blood group antigens, including the ABO blood group antigens on the surface of blood cells, are compromised of
glycoproteins
Which blood protein(s) carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues?
hemogoblin
Which of these is NOT a normal plasma protein?
hemogoblin
Which would be associated with prematurely ruptured erythrocytes?
hemolytic anemia
Myogoblin
holds a reserve supply of oxygen in muscle cells
Insulin is made in response to elevated blood glucose. This is ___ stimulation.
humoral
If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from:
impaired delivery of oxygen
Input from sympathetic nervous system causes the heart rate to
increase
Input from the sympathetic nervous system causes the heart rate to
increase
Input from the sympathetic nervous system causes the heart to
increase
A drop in blood pressure stimulates the cardiovascular center to
increase blood pressure and heart rate via epinephrine
To increase BP when a low BP is detected the cardiovascular center of the medulla will cause which to occur?
increased CO, decreased vessel diameter
which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis?
increased tissue demand for oxygen
exercising returns more blood to the heart. Therefore, exercising causes ___ stroke volume and ____ heart contraction force
increased, increased
To lift a 50 lb, you use up ____ contraction; to hold it above your head you use an ____ contraction.
isotonic, isometric
Which of the following is true about blood plasma?
it is about 90% water
During the period of ventricular filling,
it is represented by the P wave on the EKG
In the dynamics of blood flow through capillaries, hydrostatic pressure...?
it is the same as capillary blood pressure
What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production
kidney
If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood blood supply, damage would primarily result from _____
lack of oxygen in myofibers
An over-used muscle can feel sore the next day due to build up of
lactic acid
Athletes sometimes complain of oxygen debt, a condition that results when insufficient oxygen is available to completely break down pyruvic acid. As a result, the pyretic acid is converted to
lactic acid
Athletes sometimes complain of oxygen debt, a condition that results when insufficient oxygen is available to completely break down pyruvic acid. As a result, the pyruvic acid is converted to
lactic acid
Immediately following the arrival of the stimulus at a skeletal muscle cell there is a short period called the ____ period during which calcium ions are released from the terminal cisterae.
latent
A muscle cell undergoing treppe is exhibiting ____ summation
temporal
A sustained and frequent muscle stimulus brings about
tetanus
A sustained and frequent muscles stimulus brings about
tetanus
Which statement is true about an EKG?
the T wave indicates ventricular depolarization.
Carbon dioxide is transported by red blood cells; it is carried in part by
the amino acids of hemoglobin
The mechanism of contraction in smooth muscle parallels that of skeletal muscle in the following ways EXCEPT
the calcium-mediated regulation of contraction differs.
People suffering from disorders preventing the absorption of fat from their intestines may suffer uncontrolled bleeding because
the fat soluble vitamin K cannot be absorbed, so levels of prothrombin and other clotting factors drop
If the vagus nerve of the heart were cut, the result would be?
the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute