bio ch 1-4 test
fig 4-1 based on your knowledge of basic geometric relationships the actual surface area to volume ratio for fig b is
.06
a ph of 4 is ____ times more ____ than a ph of 7
1000; acidic
the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol will yield
3 fatty acids and one glycerol
which of the following statements is not correct
Water heats up and cools down very quickly
the primary difference bw the amino acids commonly found in proteins is in their
R or variable groups
Nucleoli contain chromosomal regions that specialize in making:
RNA
fig 3-3 the molecular fragment represented in the fig is
RNA
a solution having a ph of 6 would
be slightly acidic
id the chemical that act as buffer in the human blood
bicarbonate
a cellular structure found in plant but not animal cells is the
chloroplasts
One function of peroxisomes involves the process of
detoxification
organisms that are sessile as adults
do not move from place to place
which of the following molecules is not grouped w the lipids
glycoproteins
proteins made on ribosomes may be further modified within the
golgi complex
the ____can be considered a sorting processing and packaging center
golgi complex
a eukaryotic cell
has a variety of membranous organelles
If you partially hydrogenate oleic acid, the resulting molecule most likely would:
have a double bond changed from cis to trans
One strategy that allows larger cells to have an effective surface area to volume ratio is:
having a completely spherical shape
which of the following is responsible for the alpha-helical structure of proteins
hydrogen bonds
fig 3-1 the process illustrated in the fig is called
hydrolysis
which of the following functions would most likely be occurring in the lumen of the rough ER figure 4-2
molecular chaperone activity
which component is the oxidizing agent in the following chemical reaction 4 Fe + 3 O2 = 2 Fe2 O3
oxygen
figure 4-3 the organelle featured in the figure
plays a central role in energy metabolism
fig 4-2 the rough ER indicated by the arrow is responsible for
protein synthesis
all of the following functions are preformed by plant vacuoles EXCEPT
storage of nucleic acids
the representation H-O-H is known as
structural formula
the smooth ER
synthesizes lipids
Hydrocarbons are hydrophobic because
the covalent bonds between hydrogen and carbon are nonpolar
fig 2-1 the difference bw the 2 atoms in the fig are
the number of neutrons
the chemical interactions of large organic molecules are largely determined by
their functional groups
which of the following is NOT true of hormones
they are a type of gene
Chlorine has seven electrons in its valence shell. The number of electrons it must gain to complete its valence shell is:
1
What is the OH- concentration of a solution having a pH of 2?
1' 10^-12
id the hydrogen ion concentration that represents the lowest ph from the following list
1' 10^-3
the cis face of the golgi complex is mostly directly involved in which of the following
accepting vesicles from the ER
the science of life
biology
biological growth involves an increase in
both the number and size of cells
all of the following are associated with the process of evolution but which of these statements best defines the overall process of evolution
changing of population overtime
which of the following structures would not be found in cells of plants roots
chloroplasts
a chemical reaction in which monomers become covalently linked and thus synthesizes polymers from their building blocks is called
condensation
figure 4-3 the main process that occurs at the site of the structures marked by arrows in the figure
conversion of food molecules to ATP
figure 4-3 the structures indicated by the arrows in the figure is
cristae
the force necessary to cause microtubules of cilia and flagella to slide alongside one another is provided through the action of _____ proteins, which derive the energy to perform their work directly from --- molecules
dynein; atp
Which of the following pairs is correctly matched? a. fibronectins-wood b. middle lamella-cellulose c. primary cell wall-pectin d. secondary cell wall-glycoproteins e. integrins-receptors
e. integrins-receptors
the highly polarized nature of compounds containing carboxyl groups can be attributed to the presence of 2
highly electronegative oxygen atoms
If a particular protein were being produced in excess of the cell's needs, then __________ mechanisms intervene to stop production.
homeostatic
the cohesiveness bw water molecules is due largely to
hydrogen bonds
which of the following is a key component of the cytoskeleton?
microtubules
which of the following organelles plays as important role in apoptosis or programmed cell death
mitochondria
fig 2-2 fig represents
molecular hydrogen
Which pair is mismatched?
monosaccharide:maltose
cilia and flagella are most directly involved in
movement
which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living organisms
multicellularity
the ultimate source of genetic variation within a population is
mutations in DNA
isotopes differ from each other with respect to the number of
neutrons only
electron microscopes have a much higher resolution than either the human eye or any light microscopes bc
of the very short wavelengths of electrons
as you move one step higher in the hierarchical classification system similar families of organisms are next grouped together in the same
order
the most abundant molecules in this structure are
phospholipids
which of the following terms includes the fewest species of organisms
population
if an organism is eukaryotic then by definition it will
possess a nucleus
in the deductive approach to scientific thought process we begin with ____ and make ____ based on that information
premises, conclusions
If a toxin, such as a bacterial toxin, destroys ribosomes, what cellular activity will be affected first?
protein synthesis
differential centrifugation is the process that
separates components of the cell that have different densities
in the formation of common table salt sodium and chlorine interact bc
sodium donates one electron to chlorine
It takes 1 calorie of heat to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius at sea level. This is referred to as the __________ of water.
specific heat
Amyloplasts are organelles that store:
starch
the formation of carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water occurs in the portion of the chloroplasts called the:
stroma
a hypothesis is
tentative explanation
Which of the following statements is false?
the 2nd energy level contains a maximum of 10 electrons
fig 1-1 sequence b represents
the control group
which of the following statements concerning steroids is FALSE
they are always detrimental to living organisms
which of the following statements concerning unsaturated fats is correct
they are generally liquid at room temperature
which of the following statements concerning van der Waahls interactions is FALSE
they are very strong
amino acids are important biological buffers bc
they contain nonpolar groups that exclude water molecules
which of the following is NOT true of proteins
they contain the code or "recipe" for making other molecules that are important for the life processes
Similar orders are placed in the same class true/ false
true
which of the following is NOT a concept or term related to evolution
cellular respiration
which one of the following carbohydrates is the most structurally complex
cellulose
which of the pairs is correctly matched
centrosome - cell division
fig 4-1 which of the following statements about fig 4-1 is true
fig b has a smaller surface area to volume ratio than fig a
you want to determine the location of a specific protein in a cell using a colored stain. which of the following is the best technique for this purpose?
fluorescence microscope
which of the following represents the pattern of energy flow within an ecosystem
from producers to consumers to decomposers
to what group do I belong? I am neither prokaryotic nor photosynthetic and I obtain nutrients by secreting digestive enzymes into my environment
fungi
in the chemical reaction the product is
generally written on the right side and is the substance generated by the reaction
which of the following is NOT a term related to information transfer in living systems
taxon
in all organisms hereditary information is encoded within _____ molecules
DNA
which of the following statements best summarizes the differences bw RNA and DNA
DNA comprises the genes while RNA is a direct participant in the process of protein synthesis
the organism in the accompanying figure can be classified as pic of a kiwi bird
a bird
Any chemical interaction between atoms:
involves only valence electrons
a good hypothesis
is falsifiable
Proteins with alpha-helical forms exhibit this property:
elasticity
when you use deductive reasoning you draw conclusions from specific observations true/ false
false
evaporative cooling is a process whereby ____ moving ____ molecules vaporize thus ____ large amounts of heat
fast, water, removing
If we want to examine the effect of a fertilizer on the size of zucchini produced, we would need to establish both experimental and control groups. The experimental group has all the following: soil, fertilizer, water, sun, and zucchini seeds. The control group for this experiment would have all of the same components except
fertilizer
which characteristic of water makes the existence of ph possible
ionization
which component becomes oxidized in the following chemical reaction. 4 Fe + 3 O2 = 2 Fe2 O3
iron
a prokaryotic cell differs from a eukaryotic cell in that a prokaryotic cell
is exemplified by bacteria
ATP is important in living organisms bc
it can transfer some of its energy to other chemicals and thus serves as the primary energy currency of all its cells
an atom becomes a cation if
it loses one or more electron
fig 3-2 ionic bonds would form between the R groups of which amino acids
2, 4
which of the following has a ph closest to that of human blood
sea water
a molecule of saturated tricacylglycerol contains
the mx number of hydrogen atoms in the fatty acid chains
Table salt dissolves easily in water because:
the partial positive charge of the hydrogens in the water molecule can associate with the negative charge of the chloride ion, and the partial negative charge of the oxygen of the water molecule can associate with the positive charge of the sodium atom.
the difference bw a stable isotope and a radioisotope is that
the radioisotope emits radiation
which of the following illustrates hydrolysis
the reaction of a fat to form glycerol and fatty acids
which of the following stimuli most directly causes the Venus flay trap to catch an insect
touch
the molecular mass of C6 H12 O6 is 180 amu .25 moles of this substance contain
45g
this characteristic of a molecule determines the ability of hydrogen bonds to form bw it and hydrogen
an atom with a partial negative charge
the difference between an electrically neutral atom and an ion is that
an ion has an unequal number of protons and electrons while an atom has an equal number
when tissues organize into functional structures they form
an organ
Carbohydrate molecules
are a source of energy
which of the following is not a property of carbon
carbon to carbon bonds are limited to single bonds
the covalent bond bw a hydrogen atom and the oxygen atom in water is formed when
hydrogen and oxygen share an electron pair
fig 2-1 the atomic mass of the atom identified as A in the fig
12
An atom has 6 protons and 8 neutrons. Its atomic mass is:
14
the number of electron pairs shared bw carbon 2 and 3 in the accompanying fig is pg 47
2
fig 2-1 fig represents
2 isotopes of the same element
At what temperature is water most dense?
4 degrees Celsius
how many molecules are present in one mole of C6 H12 O6
6.02 ' 10^23 molecules
DNA most directly determines which __________ are made by a cell.
?
a glycoprotein destined for secretion from the cell would move through the golgi complex in the sequence
? cis-trans-medial (not correct sequence)
which scientist first viewed living cells
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
which one of the following is a characteristic of asexual as opposed to sexual reproduction
a cell splitting in half
the difference bw a hexose and a pentose is that
a hexose always has 6 carbons but a pentose always has 5 carbons
An amphipathic molecule has:
a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic portion.
you isolate a cellular structure and determine that its composed of a-tubulin and b- tubulin. based on this evidence, you correctly id this structure as:
a mircotubule
fig 3-3 the type of connection bw the atoms at the point labeled 1 in fig 3-3 is
a phosphodiester linkage
all the members of the same species occupying the same area at the same time constitute
a population
fig 2-2 the type of bond illustrated in the fig is
a single covalent bond
It is advantageous for cells to be small because:
a small cell has a small volume relative to surface area, thereby increasing efficient transport
which of the following are composed of a gluelike polysaccharide called pectin and is located between the primary walls of adjacent plant cells? a. middle lamella b. myosin c. secondary wall d. intermediate filaments e. actin filaments
a. middle lamella
when a small amount of hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of Na2 HPO4 the ph of a solution does not change markedly. the ph also does not change drastically when a small amount of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is added to this same solution. based on these observations the compound Na2HPO4 is
acting as a buffer
a stalk of celery is placed in a solution of blue colored dye. after one hour the leaves have blue fluid in their veins. which property of water is being demonstrated
adhesion and cohesion
This functional group is weakly basic because it can accept an H+ ion:
amino
a salt is a compound in which the hydrogen ion of ____ is replaced by some other cation
an acid
Cell theory states that all living organisms
are composed of basic units called cells
which of the following is NOT an adaptation of Burchell's zebras to their environment
asexual reproduction
which of the following is the most basic level of chemical organization
atom
the structures in the micrograph are: (fig 4-27) a. rough er b. cilia but not flagella c. both cilia and flagella d. chloroplasts e. flagella but not cilia
b. cilia but not flagella
The domain Eukarya includes all the following except
bacteria
which of the following is NOT a cell covering or part of a cell covering? a. cell wall b. extracellular matrix c. cristae d. integrins e. glycocalyx
c. cristae
An element is defined as a substance that:
cannot be broken into simpler substances by chemical reactions
which of these terms is most inclusive
carbohydrate
which of the following is produced via the process of cellular respiration
carbon dioxide
if the glycine and alanine undergo condensation the new bond that is formed is bw the
carbon of the carboxyl group and nitrogen of the amino group
You isolate a compound that is insoluble in water, has alternating single and double bonds, and has a bright orange color. You correctly conclude that this compound is a:
carotenoid
Evidence that all living cells have a common origin is provided by:
cell theory?
the theory that chloroplasts and mitochondria had their evolutionary beginnings in eukaryotic cells as endosymbionts is supported by all the following EXCEPT
chloroplasts and mitochondria do NOT interact with or depend on any of the other cellular components
DNA is associated with proteins, forming a complex called
chromatin
which of the following statements concerning centrioles is FALSE? a. they are duplicated before cell division b. they are found in the centrosome c. they are thought to play a role in microtubule assembly d. they have a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules e. they are present in most animal cells but not most plant cells
d. they have a 9+2 arrangement of micro tubule assembly
as a result of testing experimental drip on a vertebrate cell, you notice that the cell cortex becomes more fluid, and although the cell remains strong, it loses its ability to move. based on this evidence, you correctly conclude that the drug most directly affected: a. myosin b. a-tubulin c. b-tubulin d. intermediate filaments e. actin filaments
e. actin filaments
Information in living organisms can be transmitted by:
genes, hormones, and neurotransmitters
the two molecules in the following fig represent fig 3-3
geometric isomers
the scanning electron microscope differs from the transmission electron microscope in that the scanning electron microscope
gives a 3-d image of the object being studied
a Carbohydrate energy storage molecule found in animal liver and muscle cells is
glycogen
in which of the following reactions must the equivalent of a water molecule be added in order to break a bond
glycogen - glucose
the process whereby water molecules surround ions during the process of dissolving is called
hydration
which characteristic of water molecules directly contributes to the remarkable water walking success of the aquatic insects pictured in this accompanying figure pg 38 (bug standing on water)
hydrogen bonds
in Darwin's theory of evolution adaption involves changes in
individuals
Glucose dissolves in water because it
it has polar hydroxyl groups that interact with polar water molecules
Analysis of a certain polymer shows that it contains phosphate groups, ribose groups, and pyrimidines. Based on this information, which of the following is best description of this compound
its most likely a ribonucleic acid
the ratio of the size of the image seen w the microscope to the actual size of the object is called
magnification
Homeostasis in living organisms involves processes that:
maintain a constant internal environment
a covalent bond
may be polar or nonpolar depending on the atoms involved
Using the Linnaean system of nomenclature, corn is named Zea mays. In this name, the specific epithet is
mays
Radioisotopes are used in all of the following scientific applications except
measuring the ph of the blood
in living organisms chemical reactions responsible for growth repair and nutrition are collectively referred to as
metabolism
covalently bonded atoms with similar electronegativies are
nonpolar
the following amino acid would be characterized as______ based on the chemical properties of its side chain fig 3-17
nonpolar
the largest and most complex assembly of proteins in the eukaryotic cell consisting of 30 different proteins is the ___
nuclear pore
This molecule transmits heredity information:
nucleic acid
Which pair matches the correct macromolecule with the bond that joins its subunits?
nucleic acid- phosphodiester linkage
When a nucleic acid undergoes hydrolysis, the resulting subunits are:
nucleotides
A single cell in a smoker's lung has become cancerous. It doubles its DNA and divides much faster than a normal lung cell. The most likely change that would have caused this condition took place in the:
nucleus
the chemical behavior of an atom is determined by the
number of valence electrons
One of the conclusions drawn from Darwin's theory of evolution is that:
organisms living today descended with modifications from previously existing forms
molecular chaperones are proteins that mediate the folding process of
other proteins
in water molecules because oxygen is more electronegative an hydrogen the shared electrons are more commonly found around the _____ nucleus more often than the _____ nucleus
oxygen, hydrogen
all of the following types of chemical bonds are responsible for maintaining the tertiary structure of this polypeptide except fig 3-21
peptide bonds
which of the following statements is true of proteins
proteins lose some or all of their normal activity if their 3-d structure is disrupted
you discover an organism that is eukaryotic unicellular and photosynthetic. based on this evidence you correctly assign this organism to
protist group
membrane bound organelles facilitate faster chemical reactions bc
reactants are within close proximity to each other
which of the following structures or activities is NOT directly part of the endomembrane system
ribosomes
which of the following elements is NOT responsible for a significant portion of the mass of living organisms
s
the accompanying figure is the product of a: fig 4-4/4-5
scanning electron microscope
which of the following is NOT a concept or term related to the flow of energy through living systems
sexual reproduction
which covalent bond involves only 2 electrons
single
which of the following descriptions or structures does NOT match the cell type?
smallest cell are egg cells
Reductionism refers to the method of investigating structures by
studying the parts of the structures
Autotroph
synthesize complex molecules from CO2, water, energy
fig 1-1 sequence a represents
the experimental group
when a chemical reaction is at dynamic equilibrium
the forward and reverse reactions are proceeding at equal rates
One benefit of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that:
the interaction of the genes from both parents brings about genetic variation
which of the following is NOT a major theme of biology
the mechanisms of disease
If the differently shaded portions of this molecule represent different polypeptide chains, then this figure is representative of: fig 3-23/3-22
the quaternary structure of a protein
the term sampling error refers to inaccuracies in an experiment due to
the test being conducted on a very small population of test subjects
Monosaccharides are water soluble bc
they have a large number of polar hydroxyl groups
which of the following is NOT true of lipids
they have many oxygen-containing functional groups
an individual flattened membrane within the chloroplasts is called the
thylakoid
some white blood cells can engulf bacteria. the engulfed bacteria are encased in a vesicle formed from the plasma membrane. this vesicle fuses with a primary lysosome. the new combined vesicles is now called a secondary lysosome. the reason for forming a secondary lysosome is
to mix the pathogens w strong hydrolytic enzymes and destroy them
