bio ch 1-4 test

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fig 4-1 based on your knowledge of basic geometric relationships the actual surface area to volume ratio for fig b is

.06

a ph of 4 is ____ times more ____ than a ph of 7

1000; acidic

the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol will yield

3 fatty acids and one glycerol

which of the following statements is not correct

Water heats up and cools down very quickly

the primary difference bw the amino acids commonly found in proteins is in their

R or variable groups

Nucleoli contain chromosomal regions that specialize in making:

RNA

fig 3-3 the molecular fragment represented in the fig is

RNA

a solution having a ph of 6 would

be slightly acidic

id the chemical that act as buffer in the human blood

bicarbonate

a cellular structure found in plant but not animal cells is the

chloroplasts

One function of peroxisomes involves the process of

detoxification

organisms that are sessile as adults

do not move from place to place

which of the following molecules is not grouped w the lipids

glycoproteins

proteins made on ribosomes may be further modified within the

golgi complex

the ____can be considered a sorting processing and packaging center

golgi complex

a eukaryotic cell

has a variety of membranous organelles

If you partially hydrogenate oleic acid, the resulting molecule most likely would:

have a double bond changed from cis to trans

One strategy that allows larger cells to have an effective surface area to volume ratio is:

having a completely spherical shape

which of the following is responsible for the alpha-helical structure of proteins

hydrogen bonds

fig 3-1 the process illustrated in the fig is called

hydrolysis

which of the following functions would most likely be occurring in the lumen of the rough ER figure 4-2

molecular chaperone activity

which component is the oxidizing agent in the following chemical reaction 4 Fe + 3 O2 = 2 Fe2 O3

oxygen

figure 4-3 the organelle featured in the figure

plays a central role in energy metabolism

fig 4-2 the rough ER indicated by the arrow is responsible for

protein synthesis

all of the following functions are preformed by plant vacuoles EXCEPT

storage of nucleic acids

the representation H-O-H is known as

structural formula

the smooth ER

synthesizes lipids

Hydrocarbons are hydrophobic because

the covalent bonds between hydrogen and carbon are nonpolar

fig 2-1 the difference bw the 2 atoms in the fig are

the number of neutrons

the chemical interactions of large organic molecules are largely determined by

their functional groups

which of the following is NOT true of hormones

they are a type of gene

Chlorine has seven electrons in its valence shell. The number of electrons it must gain to complete its valence shell is:

1

What is the OH- concentration of a solution having a pH of 2?

1' 10^-12

id the hydrogen ion concentration that represents the lowest ph from the following list

1' 10^-3

the cis face of the golgi complex is mostly directly involved in which of the following

accepting vesicles from the ER

the science of life

biology

biological growth involves an increase in

both the number and size of cells

all of the following are associated with the process of evolution but which of these statements best defines the overall process of evolution

changing of population overtime

which of the following structures would not be found in cells of plants roots

chloroplasts

a chemical reaction in which monomers become covalently linked and thus synthesizes polymers from their building blocks is called

condensation

figure 4-3 the main process that occurs at the site of the structures marked by arrows in the figure

conversion of food molecules to ATP

figure 4-3 the structures indicated by the arrows in the figure is

cristae

the force necessary to cause microtubules of cilia and flagella to slide alongside one another is provided through the action of _____ proteins, which derive the energy to perform their work directly from --- molecules

dynein; atp

Which of the following pairs is correctly matched? a. fibronectins-wood b. middle lamella-cellulose c. primary cell wall-pectin d. secondary cell wall-glycoproteins e. integrins-receptors

e. integrins-receptors

the highly polarized nature of compounds containing carboxyl groups can be attributed to the presence of 2

highly electronegative oxygen atoms

If a particular protein were being produced in excess of the cell's needs, then __________ mechanisms intervene to stop production.

homeostatic

the cohesiveness bw water molecules is due largely to

hydrogen bonds

which of the following is a key component of the cytoskeleton?

microtubules

which of the following organelles plays as important role in apoptosis or programmed cell death

mitochondria

fig 2-2 fig represents

molecular hydrogen

Which pair is mismatched?

monosaccharide:maltose

cilia and flagella are most directly involved in

movement

which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living organisms

multicellularity

the ultimate source of genetic variation within a population is

mutations in DNA

isotopes differ from each other with respect to the number of

neutrons only

electron microscopes have a much higher resolution than either the human eye or any light microscopes bc

of the very short wavelengths of electrons

as you move one step higher in the hierarchical classification system similar families of organisms are next grouped together in the same

order

the most abundant molecules in this structure are

phospholipids

which of the following terms includes the fewest species of organisms

population

if an organism is eukaryotic then by definition it will

possess a nucleus

in the deductive approach to scientific thought process we begin with ____ and make ____ based on that information

premises, conclusions

If a toxin, such as a bacterial toxin, destroys ribosomes, what cellular activity will be affected first?

protein synthesis

differential centrifugation is the process that

separates components of the cell that have different densities

in the formation of common table salt sodium and chlorine interact bc

sodium donates one electron to chlorine

It takes 1 calorie of heat to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius at sea level. This is referred to as the __________ of water.

specific heat

Amyloplasts are organelles that store:

starch

the formation of carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water occurs in the portion of the chloroplasts called the:

stroma

a hypothesis is

tentative explanation

Which of the following statements is false?

the 2nd energy level contains a maximum of 10 electrons

fig 1-1 sequence b represents

the control group

which of the following statements concerning steroids is FALSE

they are always detrimental to living organisms

which of the following statements concerning unsaturated fats is correct

they are generally liquid at room temperature

which of the following statements concerning van der Waahls interactions is FALSE

they are very strong

amino acids are important biological buffers bc

they contain nonpolar groups that exclude water molecules

which of the following is NOT true of proteins

they contain the code or "recipe" for making other molecules that are important for the life processes

Similar orders are placed in the same class true/ false

true

which of the following is NOT a concept or term related to evolution

cellular respiration

which one of the following carbohydrates is the most structurally complex

cellulose

which of the pairs is correctly matched

centrosome - cell division

fig 4-1 which of the following statements about fig 4-1 is true

fig b has a smaller surface area to volume ratio than fig a

you want to determine the location of a specific protein in a cell using a colored stain. which of the following is the best technique for this purpose?

fluorescence microscope

which of the following represents the pattern of energy flow within an ecosystem

from producers to consumers to decomposers

to what group do I belong? I am neither prokaryotic nor photosynthetic and I obtain nutrients by secreting digestive enzymes into my environment

fungi

in the chemical reaction the product is

generally written on the right side and is the substance generated by the reaction

which of the following is NOT a term related to information transfer in living systems

taxon

in all organisms hereditary information is encoded within _____ molecules

DNA

which of the following statements best summarizes the differences bw RNA and DNA

DNA comprises the genes while RNA is a direct participant in the process of protein synthesis

the organism in the accompanying figure can be classified as pic of a kiwi bird

a bird

Any chemical interaction between atoms:

involves only valence electrons

a good hypothesis

is falsifiable

Proteins with alpha-helical forms exhibit this property:

elasticity

when you use deductive reasoning you draw conclusions from specific observations true/ false

false

evaporative cooling is a process whereby ____ moving ____ molecules vaporize thus ____ large amounts of heat

fast, water, removing

If we want to examine the effect of a fertilizer on the size of zucchini produced, we would need to establish both experimental and control groups. The experimental group has all the following: soil, fertilizer, water, sun, and zucchini seeds. The control group for this experiment would have all of the same components except

fertilizer

which characteristic of water makes the existence of ph possible

ionization

which component becomes oxidized in the following chemical reaction. 4 Fe + 3 O2 = 2 Fe2 O3

iron

a prokaryotic cell differs from a eukaryotic cell in that a prokaryotic cell

is exemplified by bacteria

ATP is important in living organisms bc

it can transfer some of its energy to other chemicals and thus serves as the primary energy currency of all its cells

an atom becomes a cation if

it loses one or more electron

fig 3-2 ionic bonds would form between the R groups of which amino acids

2, 4

which of the following has a ph closest to that of human blood

sea water

a molecule of saturated tricacylglycerol contains

the mx number of hydrogen atoms in the fatty acid chains

Table salt dissolves easily in water because:

the partial positive charge of the hydrogens in the water molecule can associate with the negative charge of the chloride ion, and the partial negative charge of the oxygen of the water molecule can associate with the positive charge of the sodium atom.

the difference bw a stable isotope and a radioisotope is that

the radioisotope emits radiation

which of the following illustrates hydrolysis

the reaction of a fat to form glycerol and fatty acids

which of the following stimuli most directly causes the Venus flay trap to catch an insect

touch

the molecular mass of C6 H12 O6 is 180 amu .25 moles of this substance contain

45g

this characteristic of a molecule determines the ability of hydrogen bonds to form bw it and hydrogen

an atom with a partial negative charge

the difference between an electrically neutral atom and an ion is that

an ion has an unequal number of protons and electrons while an atom has an equal number

when tissues organize into functional structures they form

an organ

Carbohydrate molecules

are a source of energy

which of the following is not a property of carbon

carbon to carbon bonds are limited to single bonds

the covalent bond bw a hydrogen atom and the oxygen atom in water is formed when

hydrogen and oxygen share an electron pair

fig 2-1 the atomic mass of the atom identified as A in the fig

12

An atom has 6 protons and 8 neutrons. Its atomic mass is:

14

the number of electron pairs shared bw carbon 2 and 3 in the accompanying fig is pg 47

2

fig 2-1 fig represents

2 isotopes of the same element

At what temperature is water most dense?

4 degrees Celsius

how many molecules are present in one mole of C6 H12 O6

6.02 ' 10^23 molecules

DNA most directly determines which __________ are made by a cell.

?

a glycoprotein destined for secretion from the cell would move through the golgi complex in the sequence

? cis-trans-medial (not correct sequence)

which scientist first viewed living cells

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

which one of the following is a characteristic of asexual as opposed to sexual reproduction

a cell splitting in half

the difference bw a hexose and a pentose is that

a hexose always has 6 carbons but a pentose always has 5 carbons

An amphipathic molecule has:

a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic portion.

you isolate a cellular structure and determine that its composed of a-tubulin and b- tubulin. based on this evidence, you correctly id this structure as:

a mircotubule

fig 3-3 the type of connection bw the atoms at the point labeled 1 in fig 3-3 is

a phosphodiester linkage

all the members of the same species occupying the same area at the same time constitute

a population

fig 2-2 the type of bond illustrated in the fig is

a single covalent bond

It is advantageous for cells to be small because:

a small cell has a small volume relative to surface area, thereby increasing efficient transport

which of the following are composed of a gluelike polysaccharide called pectin and is located between the primary walls of adjacent plant cells? a. middle lamella b. myosin c. secondary wall d. intermediate filaments e. actin filaments

a. middle lamella

when a small amount of hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of Na2 HPO4 the ph of a solution does not change markedly. the ph also does not change drastically when a small amount of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is added to this same solution. based on these observations the compound Na2HPO4 is

acting as a buffer

a stalk of celery is placed in a solution of blue colored dye. after one hour the leaves have blue fluid in their veins. which property of water is being demonstrated

adhesion and cohesion

This functional group is weakly basic because it can accept an H+ ion:

amino

a salt is a compound in which the hydrogen ion of ____ is replaced by some other cation

an acid

Cell theory states that all living organisms

are composed of basic units called cells

which of the following is NOT an adaptation of Burchell's zebras to their environment

asexual reproduction

which of the following is the most basic level of chemical organization

atom

the structures in the micrograph are: (fig 4-27) a. rough er b. cilia but not flagella c. both cilia and flagella d. chloroplasts e. flagella but not cilia

b. cilia but not flagella

The domain Eukarya includes all the following except

bacteria

which of the following is NOT a cell covering or part of a cell covering? a. cell wall b. extracellular matrix c. cristae d. integrins e. glycocalyx

c. cristae

An element is defined as a substance that:

cannot be broken into simpler substances by chemical reactions

which of these terms is most inclusive

carbohydrate

which of the following is produced via the process of cellular respiration

carbon dioxide

if the glycine and alanine undergo condensation the new bond that is formed is bw the

carbon of the carboxyl group and nitrogen of the amino group

You isolate a compound that is insoluble in water, has alternating single and double bonds, and has a bright orange color. You correctly conclude that this compound is a:

carotenoid

Evidence that all living cells have a common origin is provided by:

cell theory?

the theory that chloroplasts and mitochondria had their evolutionary beginnings in eukaryotic cells as endosymbionts is supported by all the following EXCEPT

chloroplasts and mitochondria do NOT interact with or depend on any of the other cellular components

DNA is associated with proteins, forming a complex called

chromatin

which of the following statements concerning centrioles is FALSE? a. they are duplicated before cell division b. they are found in the centrosome c. they are thought to play a role in microtubule assembly d. they have a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules e. they are present in most animal cells but not most plant cells

d. they have a 9+2 arrangement of micro tubule assembly

as a result of testing experimental drip on a vertebrate cell, you notice that the cell cortex becomes more fluid, and although the cell remains strong, it loses its ability to move. based on this evidence, you correctly conclude that the drug most directly affected: a. myosin b. a-tubulin c. b-tubulin d. intermediate filaments e. actin filaments

e. actin filaments

Information in living organisms can be transmitted by:

genes, hormones, and neurotransmitters

the two molecules in the following fig represent fig 3-3

geometric isomers

the scanning electron microscope differs from the transmission electron microscope in that the scanning electron microscope

gives a 3-d image of the object being studied

a Carbohydrate energy storage molecule found in animal liver and muscle cells is

glycogen

in which of the following reactions must the equivalent of a water molecule be added in order to break a bond

glycogen - glucose

the process whereby water molecules surround ions during the process of dissolving is called

hydration

which characteristic of water molecules directly contributes to the remarkable water walking success of the aquatic insects pictured in this accompanying figure pg 38 (bug standing on water)

hydrogen bonds

in Darwin's theory of evolution adaption involves changes in

individuals

Glucose dissolves in water because it

it has polar hydroxyl groups that interact with polar water molecules

Analysis of a certain polymer shows that it contains phosphate groups, ribose groups, and pyrimidines. Based on this information, which of the following is best description of this compound

its most likely a ribonucleic acid

the ratio of the size of the image seen w the microscope to the actual size of the object is called

magnification

Homeostasis in living organisms involves processes that:

maintain a constant internal environment

a covalent bond

may be polar or nonpolar depending on the atoms involved

Using the Linnaean system of nomenclature, corn is named Zea mays. In this name, the specific epithet is

mays

Radioisotopes are used in all of the following scientific applications except

measuring the ph of the blood

in living organisms chemical reactions responsible for growth repair and nutrition are collectively referred to as

metabolism

covalently bonded atoms with similar electronegativies are

nonpolar

the following amino acid would be characterized as______ based on the chemical properties of its side chain fig 3-17

nonpolar

the largest and most complex assembly of proteins in the eukaryotic cell consisting of 30 different proteins is the ___

nuclear pore

This molecule transmits heredity information:

nucleic acid

Which pair matches the correct macromolecule with the bond that joins its subunits?

nucleic acid- phosphodiester linkage

When a nucleic acid undergoes hydrolysis, the resulting subunits are:

nucleotides

A single cell in a smoker's lung has become cancerous. It doubles its DNA and divides much faster than a normal lung cell. The most likely change that would have caused this condition took place in the:

nucleus

the chemical behavior of an atom is determined by the

number of valence electrons

One of the conclusions drawn from Darwin's theory of evolution is that:

organisms living today descended with modifications from previously existing forms

molecular chaperones are proteins that mediate the folding process of

other proteins

in water molecules because oxygen is more electronegative an hydrogen the shared electrons are more commonly found around the _____ nucleus more often than the _____ nucleus

oxygen, hydrogen

all of the following types of chemical bonds are responsible for maintaining the tertiary structure of this polypeptide except fig 3-21

peptide bonds

which of the following statements is true of proteins

proteins lose some or all of their normal activity if their 3-d structure is disrupted

you discover an organism that is eukaryotic unicellular and photosynthetic. based on this evidence you correctly assign this organism to

protist group

membrane bound organelles facilitate faster chemical reactions bc

reactants are within close proximity to each other

which of the following structures or activities is NOT directly part of the endomembrane system

ribosomes

which of the following elements is NOT responsible for a significant portion of the mass of living organisms

s

the accompanying figure is the product of a: fig 4-4/4-5

scanning electron microscope

which of the following is NOT a concept or term related to the flow of energy through living systems

sexual reproduction

which covalent bond involves only 2 electrons

single

which of the following descriptions or structures does NOT match the cell type?

smallest cell are egg cells

Reductionism refers to the method of investigating structures by

studying the parts of the structures

Autotroph

synthesize complex molecules from CO2, water, energy

fig 1-1 sequence a represents

the experimental group

when a chemical reaction is at dynamic equilibrium

the forward and reverse reactions are proceeding at equal rates

One benefit of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that:

the interaction of the genes from both parents brings about genetic variation

which of the following is NOT a major theme of biology

the mechanisms of disease

If the differently shaded portions of this molecule represent different polypeptide chains, then this figure is representative of: fig 3-23/3-22

the quaternary structure of a protein

the term sampling error refers to inaccuracies in an experiment due to

the test being conducted on a very small population of test subjects

Monosaccharides are water soluble bc

they have a large number of polar hydroxyl groups

which of the following is NOT true of lipids

they have many oxygen-containing functional groups

an individual flattened membrane within the chloroplasts is called the

thylakoid

some white blood cells can engulf bacteria. the engulfed bacteria are encased in a vesicle formed from the plasma membrane. this vesicle fuses with a primary lysosome. the new combined vesicles is now called a secondary lysosome. the reason for forming a secondary lysosome is

to mix the pathogens w strong hydrolytic enzymes and destroy them


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