Bio Ch. 24

Which organisms use Malpighian tubules to excrete uric acid?

Insects

Muscular dystrophy affects the functioning of skeletal muscle. As this disease advances, it can impair the contraction of the diaphragm and the muscles of the rib cage. What affect will this have on the ability of someone with this disease to carry out gas exchange?

It will decrease their ability to exchange air into and out of the lungs, decreasing gas exchange

At the area labeled "A" in the figure shown here,

O2 enters the lungs and CO2 leaves the lungs

Vanessa and her friends are having lunch together. Just as Vanessa takes a drink of her chocolate milk, one of her friends tells a joke. Laughing, Vanessa has some of her milk come out of her nose. What is the explanation for this unusual event?

The laughter interfered with the movement of the soft palate so it did not shut off the nasal cavity.

You are at your cousins high school graduation party. The only thing good to drink is lemonade. You end up staying at the party for a long time and drinking four large glasses of lemonade. What would you expect to happen to your urine production?

You will produce an increased amount of dilute urine.

A genetic defect in the epithelial cells of the villi can result in which of the following situations?

a decrease in the ability to digest peptides and sugars

Without villi, a person would not be able to

absorb enough nutrients

Which of the following is NOT a function of the large intestine?

absorption of amino acid

The functional unit of the lungs where gas exchange occurs is the

alveolus.

Which of the following events will cause problems with the body's ability to exchange gasses between the blood and tissue fluid?

an increase in the blood pH due to smoking

Increasing the size of the thoracic cavity through contraction of the diaphragm and rib muscles causes

an inhalation.

If the stomach lining lacks mucus it will not efficiently absorb nutrients and can result in

an ulcer.

Most carbon dioxide is carried in the blood

as bicarbonate ion formed from carbonic acid in the plasma.

In the figure shown here, O2 enters the blood stream and CO2 leaves the blood stream

at B.

Alicia and Juan are hiking in the woods and come across the skull of an animal. The teeth are still in the skull. The front teeth or incisors are short but sharp. The canines are long and pointed. The back teeth, or molars and premolars, are jagged. Based on these teeth, the skull likely belonged to a

carnivore.

The mechanism by which oxygen moves into capillaries from alveoli is

diffusion.

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

eliminate nitrogenous waste

The digestion and absorption of fats differs from that of sugars and proteins in that

fats are absorbed into lymphatic capillaries instead of blood capillaries

In fish

gases are exchanged between the lamellae of the gills and the water

In the figure shown here, "E" represents

internal respiration, the exchange of gases between the body tissues and the blood.

Digestion in humans and earthworms

is similar in that both organisms, digestion is an extracellular process, occurring in a complete digestive tract.

In the figure shown here, "A" is referring to the

liver.

Emphysema occurs when the walls of alveoli are destroyed, reducing surface area for gas exchange. This condition impacts the

lower respiratory system more than the upper

Which of the following incorrectly pairs the enzyme and the molecule on which it acts?

maltase - starch

Starch digestion begins in the _____ and protein digestion begins in the

mouth; stomach.

Which of the following is the correct pathway of air into the lungs to the site of gas exchange?

nasal cavity - pharynx - larynx - trachea - bronchi - bronchioles - alveoli

Hair within the nose and cilia lining the respiratory tract

prevents particles from entering the lungs

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

produces insulin and glucagon

The figure shown represents urine formation. What specific process is occurring at #2?

reabsorption

Which event occurs during inspiration but not expiration?

rib cage moves out and up.

Which of the following is an incorrect match?

sinuses - remove dust particles from the air

Humans are omnivores as shown by the type of

teeth they have.

Refer to the figure shown here. In structure "B"

the contents are acidic.

The primary role in digestion of the structure indicated by "C" in the figure shown here is

the production of digestion enzymes that are released into the small intestine.

Food in the digestive tract is called chyme after

the stomach processes it.

The first step of starch digestion is performed by

the tongue mixing food with saliva which contains amylase

During respiration in fish, what percentage of dissolved oxygen in absorbed?

80-90%