bio chap 4
A child dies following a series of chronic bacterial infections. At the autopsy, the physicians are startled to see that the child's white blood cells are loaded with vacuoles containing intact bacteria. Which of the following explanations could account for this finding?
A defect in the lysosomes of the white blood cells prevented the cells from destroying engulfed bacteria.
The purpose of cellular respiration is the production of __________.
ATP
Which of the following statements regarding cells is false?
All cells have a cell wall.
Which of the following statements about cells is true?
All cells have internal structures that move.
Which of the following is NOT a feature of both mitochondria and chloroplasts?
Both possess pigments active in photosynthesis.
Which of the following statements about cellular metabolism is false?
Cellular metabolism occurs in animal but not plant cells.
Which of the following statements about electron microscopes is true?
Electron microscopes focus electron beams to create a magnified image of an object.
Which of the following statements about lysosomes is false?
Lysosomes synthesize proteins from the recycled amino acids.
Which of the following statements about plant cell walls is false?
Plant cell walls protect plant cells by forming an impermeable layer around the cell.
What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common?
They are constructed of interrelated membranes.
Cell theory states that
all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells.
A certain cell has a dense nucleoid region, ribosomes, but no membrane-enclosed organelles. Based on this information, it could be __________.
an archaean
In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads
are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane.
Peroxisomes are organelles that are involved in the _____.
breakdown of fatty acids
Tay-Sachs disease
causes an accumulation of lipids in brain cells.
Which of the following is NOT an example of an organelle found within an animal cell?
cell wall
The function of mitochondria is
cellular respiration.
Many researchers think that the first eukaryotic cells obtained energy for life-sustaining functions from organic compounds. Given this information, which of the following organelles most likely appeared last in eukaryotic cells?
chloroplast
Cilia differ from flagella in that
cilia are typically more numerous and shorter than flagella.
What are the inner folds of the mitochondria called?
cristae
The contractile vacuole __________.
eliminates excess water from the cytoplasm of freshwater protists
Where are chlorophyll molecules located within the chloroplasts?
embedded in the thylakoid membrane
The internal skeleton of a cell is composed of _____.
microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments
The endosymbiosis hypothesis is supported by all of the following pieces of evidence except the fact that
mitochondria lack ribosomes like prokaryotes.
Which of the following structures is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells?
nucleoid
The genetic center of the eukaryotic cell is the __________.
nucleus
Drag the correct description under each cell structure to identify the role it plays in the cell.
nucleus - stores the genetic information of the cell lysomsome - breaks down macromolecules using digestive enzymes mitochondrion - converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell ribosome - works with mrna to synthesize proteins smooth er - site of lipid sythesis
Which of the following cell structures are associated with the breakdown of harmful substances?
peroxisomes
The function of chloroplasts is
photosynthesis.
Which of the following would distinguish a bacterial cell from an animal cell?
presence of a cell wall
The architecture of cell surfaces can be viewed in the most detail using a __________.
scanning electron microscope
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
stores calcium ions in muscle cells.
The Golgi apparatus
stores, modifies, and packages proteins.
To enter or leave any cell, substances must pass through _____.
the plasma membrane
Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes
What is the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane?
The finished products of the Golgi apparatus may leave the cell through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.
One function of the central vacuole in plant cells is facilitating cell growth: the central vacuole absorbs water and increases in size, expanding the volume and size of the plant cell while doing so. Animal cells, however, do not grow by this method. What is an essential difference between animal and plant cells that could explain how a plant cell can withstand this expansion of the central vacuole?
The plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure.
The main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the production of
membrane and proteins secreted by the cell.
Structures found within a eukaryotic cell and performing specific tasks are collectively termed __________.
organelles
The endosymbiosis hypothesis proposes that
a small cell lived inside a larger cell to the benefit of both cells.