KINE 290 - EXAM 1

endocrine system

During stress, the sympathetic nervous system triggers what other system?

- heart rate increases - perspiration increases - brain releases endorphins

How does your body physiological react in the fight-or-flight reaction?

Type A personality

People with this type of personality are over competitive, controlling, impatient, and aggressive; they have a higher perceived stress level and more problems coping with stress; increased risk of heart disease

SMART goals

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Time frame-specific

talking, laughing, exercising, etc.

What are some effective responses to stress

overeating, hostility, anger, procrastination, drug use

What are some ineffective responses to stress

nonreactive resilience

a basic type of resilience in which a person does not react to a stressor

positive growth resilience

a basic type of resilience in which a person learns and grows from the stress experience

homeostatic resilience

a basic type of resilience in which a person may react strongly but returns to baseline functioning quickly

hormones

a chemical messenger produced in the body and transported in the bloodstream to target cells or organs for specific regulation of their activities

time pressures

a common source of stress in college such as class schedules, assignments, and deadlines

academic stress

a common source of stress in college such as exams, grades, and an endless workload

financial concerns

a common source of stress in college such as financial aid and the costs to survive day to day

interpersonal stress

a common source of stress in college such as managing relationships with friends, employees, parents, etc

worries about the future

a common source of stress in college such as thinking about a career, choosing a place to live, and leaving the friends and routines behind

daily hassles

a common source of stress such as losing your keys or wallet

environmental stressor

a condition or event in the physical environment that causes stress

risk factor

a condition that increases your chances of disease or injury

lifestyle choice

a conscious behavior that can increase or decrease a person's risk of disease or injury; such behaviors include smoking, exercising, and eating a healthful diet

fight-or-flight reaction

a defense reaction that prepares a person for conflict or escape by triggering hormonal, cardiovascular, metabolic, and other changes

atherosclerosis

a disease in which blood vessels become damaged and caked with fatty deposits; chronic high blood pressure

infectious disease

a disease that can spread from person to person, caused by microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses

chronic disease

a disease that develops and continues over a long period of time, such as heart disease or cancer

epinephrine

a hormone secreted by the medulla (inner core) of the adrenal gland that affects the functioning of organs involved in responding to a stressor; also called adrenaline

behavior change

a lifestyle management process that involves cultivating healthy behaviors and working to overcome unhealthy ones

major life change

a source of stress that requires adjustment and accommodation in your life e.g. getting married, moving, going to college

homeostasis

a state in which blood pressure, heart rate, hormone levels, and other vital functions are maintained within a narrow range of normal

burnout

a state of physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion; when you get tired of what you are doing

cortisol

a steroid hormone secreted by the cortex (outer layer) of the adrenal gland; also called hydrocortisone

general adaptation syndrome

a universal and predictable response pattern to all stressors, which attempts to return the body to a state of homeostasis a pattern of stress responses consisting in three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

the healthy people initiative

aims to prevent disease and improve Americans' quality of life

target behavior

an isolated behavior selected as the object for a behavior change program

stressor

any physical or psychological event or condition that produces physical and emotional reactions

tension headaches

approximately 90% of all headaches are this type of headache; dull, steady pain, usually on both sides of the head

endorphins

brain secretions that have pain-inhibiting effects

self-confidence

can be a part of both self-acceptance and self-esteem

nervous system

consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

intellectual wellness

constantly challenging your mind; never stop learning

environmental wellness

defined by the livability of your surroundings

sympathetic division

division of the autonomic nervous system that reacts to danger or other challenges by accelerating body processes is activated when your body is stimulated

healthy people 2020

envisions "a society in which all people live long, healthy lives" increase quality and years of healthy life eliminate health disparities among Americans

cluster headaches

extremely severe headaches that cause intense pain in and around one eye; usually occur in clusters of one to three headaches each day over a period of time

wellness

optimal health and vitality, encompassing all the dimensions of well-being determined largely by the decisions you make about how you live

Type C personality

people with this type of personality are characterized by anger suppression, difficulty expressing emotions, feelings of hopelessness or despair, and an exaggerated responses to minor stressors

Type B personality

people with this type of personality are relaxed and contemplative; less frustrated by daily events and are more tolerant of the behavior of others; slow and indecisive

Type D personality

people with this type of personality tends toward negative emotional states such as anxiety, depression, and irritability; avoid social interactions, worrying that others will react negatively toward them

the dimensions of wellness

physical, emotional, intellectual, interpersonal, cultural, spiritual, environmental, financial, occupational

resilience

refers to personality traits associated with social and academic success in groups at risk for stress, such as people from low-income families and those with mental or physical disabilities

occupational wellness

refers to the level of happiness and fulfillment you gain through your work

cultural wellness

refers to the way you interact with others who are different from you in terms of ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, age, and customs

financial wellness

refers to your ability to live within your means and manage your money in a way that gives you peace of mind

self-esteem

relates to the way you think others perceive you

interpersonal wellness

satisfying and supportive relationships; learning good communication skills, developing the capacity for intimacy, and cultivating a supportive network; participating in and contributing to your community and society

acute stress

stress immediately following a stressor; may only last minutes or may turn into chronic stress

eustress

stress resulting from a stressor perceived to be pleasant

distress

stress resulting from a stressor perceived to be unpleasant

chronic stress

stress that continues for days, weeks, or longer

migraine headaches

symptoms of this type of headache include throbbing pain that starts on one side of the head and may spread; heightend sensitivity to light; visual disturbances; nausea; dizziness; and fatigue

allostatic load

the "wear and tear" on the body that results from long-term exposure to repeated or chronic stress

gender role

the activities, abilities, and behaviors our culture expects of us based on our sex

self-efficacy

the belief in your ability to take action and perform a specific task

sex

the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women

somatic nervous system

the branch of the peripheral nervous system that governs motor functions and sensory information, largely under conscious control

physical wellness

the dimension of wellness that includes not just your body's overall condition and the absence of disease, but your fitness level and your ability to care for yourself

emotional wellness

the dimension of wellness that involves the ups and downs of living; finding solutions to emotional problems, with professional help if necessary trust, self-confidence, optimism, satisfying relationships, self-esteem

locus of control

the figurative "place" a person designates as the source of responsibility for the events in his or her life

alarm

the first stage in the sequence of physical responses associated with GAS; the body initially experiences a stressor in a shock phase followed by an antishock phase brought on by the fight-or-flight response

stress

the general physical and emotional state that accompanies the stress response

heart disease

the leading cause of death in the united states

mortality rate

the number of deaths in a population in a given period over time; usually expressed as a ratio, such as 75 deaths per 1000 members of the population

health

the overall condition of body or mind and the presence or absence of illness or injury can be determined or influenced by factors beyond your control

parasympathetic division

the part of the autonomic nervous system that moderates the excitatory effect of the sympathetic division, slowing metabolism and restoring energy supplies in control when you are relaxed

autonomic nervous system

the part of the nervous system that controls basic body processes; consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions controls digestion, heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, etc.

impaired life

the period of a person's life when he or she may not be able to function fully due to disease or disability

life expectancy

the period of time a member of a given population is expected to live

stress response

the physical and emotional reactions to a stressor

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

the portion of the sleep cycle during which dreaming occurs

non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep

the portion of the sleep cycle that involves deep sleep; this sleep includes four states of successively deeper sleep

health promotion

the process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and thereby improve their health

morbidity rate

the relative incidence of disease among a population

gender

the roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women

resistance

the second stage in the sequence of physical responses associated with GAS; the body is under continued stress and develops a new level of homeostasis; a person can cope with normal life and added stress

precontemplation

the stage of change where you believe that you have no problem and don't need to change your behavior

termination

the stage of change where you have exited the cycle of change and are no longer tempted to lapse back into your old behavior; you have a new self-image and total control with regard to your target behavior

maintenance

the stage of change where you have maintained your new, healthier lifestyle for at least six months by working out and riding your bike

contemplation

the stage of change where you now know you have a problem and within six months intend to do something about it

action

the stage of change where you outwardly modify your behavior and your environment. e.g. you start riding your bike to school or work

preparation

the stage of change where you plan to take action within a month or may already have begun to make small changes in your behavior

psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

the study of the interactions among the nervous system, the endocrine system, and the immune system

personality

the sum of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional tendencies

endocrine system

the system of glands, tissues, and cells that secrete hormones into the bloodstream to influence metabolism and other body processes

exhaustion

the third stage in the sequence of physical responses associated with GAS; the body's resources are depleted and the body is unable to maintain normal function

nervous and endocrine systems

the two systems in your body that are responsible for your physical response to stressors

Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander Americans

this ethnic group has a higher overall death rate than the general population and higher rates of diabetes and asthma; smoking and obesity are special concerns

Asian Americans

this ethnic group has a lower death rate and longer life expectancy than the general population; lower rates of coronary heart disease and obesity; men have higher rates of smoking and lung cancer; women have higher rates of cervical cancer

American Indians and Alaska Natives

this ethnic group has lower death rates from heart disease, stroke, and cancer than the general population; higher rates of early death from smoking and alcohol use; diabetes is a special concern

Latinos

this ethnic group has, on average, lower rates of heart disease, cancer, and suicide, but higher rates of infant mortality and a higher overall birth rate; also gallbladder disease and obesity

African Americans

this ethnic group is where sickle-cell disease is most common; have higher infant mortality rates and lower rates of suicide and osteoporosis. health issues of special concern for this group include: high blood pressure, stroke, diabetes, asthma, and obesity men of this ethnic group are at significantly higher risk of prostate cancer

spiritual wellness

to possess a set of guiding beliefs, principles, or values that give meaning and purpose to your life, especially in difficult times

self-acceptance

your personal satisfaction with yourself