Bio Chapter 10 The Respiratory System

Which of the following will happen when someone holds their breath? The PCO2 will increase. The H+ concentration will increase. The PO2 will decrease. All of the above will occur.

All of the above will occur.

Which of the following best explains why we must constantly breathe in oxygen io stay alive? Oxygen must be available to cells in order for them to make the sugars necessary to supply energy for cell functions. Oxygen is used to drive the anaerobic breakdown of sugars for the production of ATP. Oxygen is an important source of energy for cells and is used to make glucose. Oxygen is essential for the production of most of the ATPs required to fuel cell functions. Oxygen is converted to carbon dioxide, which is then used to drive the production of ADP.

Oxygen is essential for the production of most of the ATPs required to fuel cell functions.

By picking up hydrogen ions, hemoglobin prevents the blood from becoming too _____. acidic basic thick low in oxygen concentration red

acidic

Which structures is/are the location of gas exchange between the inhaled air and the blood? bronchi bronchioles trachea alveoli pleura

alveoli

Most carbon dioxide is carried from the body tissues to the lungs _____. as bicarbonate ions (HCO3 -) combined with hemoglobin by the trachea as hydrogen ions (H+) dissolved in blood plasma

as bicarbonate ions (HCO3 -)

a type of food poisoning that may result in paralysis of the respiratory muscles mesothelioma pleurisy pneumothorax botulism emphysema congestive heart failure pneumonia

botulism

exchange of air between lungs and the environment internal respiration cellular respiration breathing external respiration

breathing

All of the following are involved in the regulation of the rate and depth of breathing EXCEPT which one? blood levels of O2 blood pH bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli carotid and aortic bodies medulla oblongata blood levels of CO2

bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli

the process that results in water being produced as a byproduct internal respiration cellular respiration breathing external respiration

cellular respiration

In the blood most of the oxygen that will be used in cellular respiration is carried from the lungs to the body tissues _____. as bicarbonate ions (HCO3 -) combined with hemoglobin by the trachea as water (H2O) dissolved in blood plasma

combined with hemoglobin

condition that causes an accumulation of fluid in the spaces between the pulmonary capillaries and alveoli due to inadequate pumping of blood by the heart mesothelioma pleurisy pneumothorax botulism emphysema congestive heart failure pneumonia

congestive heart failure

During a breathing cycle, as the diaphragm and intercostal muscles __________, the volume of the pleural cavity __________ and air moves __________ the lungs. contract; decreases; into contract; increases; into relax; decreases; into relax; increases; out of

contract; increases; into

A low pH reduces the binding affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, increasing the release of oxygen and its delivery to the tissues. What produces a condition of low pH in the red blood cells? conversion of CO2 to bicarbonate and release of hydrogen ions conversion of bicarbonate ions to CO2 conversion of O2 to oxyhemoglobin conversion of CO2 to carbaminohemoglobin

conversion of CO2 to bicarbonate and release of hydrogen ions

Unlike capillaries in the systemic circuit, in the pulmonary circuit, __________ blood enters the capillaries from the arterioles and __________ blood leaves the capillaries for the venules. oxygenated; deoxygenated deoxygenated; oxygenated deoxygenated; deoxygenated oxygenated; oxygenated

deoxygenated; oxygenated

chronic disorder that results from permanent damage to the alveoli as a consequence of smoking or exposure to pollutants mesothelioma pleurisy pneumothorax botulism emphysema congestive heart failure pneumonia

emphysema

the amount of air that can be forced out of the lungs beyond the tidal volume inspiratory reserve volume vital capacity tidal volume residual volume expiratory reserve volume

expiratory reserve volume

movement of oxygen across alveoli into the bloodstream internal respiration cellular respiration breathing external respiration

external respiration

The functions of the nose include all of the following, EXCEPT __________. filtering inhaled air serving as the location of receptors for the sense of smell moistening air gas exchange

gas exchange

Gases flow passively from an area of __________ pressure to an area of __________ pressure. high; high low; low high; low low; high

high; low

the amount of air that can be inhaled beyond the tidal volume inspiratory reserve volume vital capacity tidal volume residual volume expiratory reserve volume

inspiratory reserve volume

movement of carbon dioxide from interstitial fluids into the blood internal respiration cellular respiration breathing external respiration

internal respiration

a deadly type of cancer associated with asbestos exposure mesothelioma pleurisy pneumothorax botulism emphysema congestive heart failure pneumonia

mesothelioma

Which of the following lists in correct order the structures through which air will pass during inspiration? nose, pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli nose, pharynx, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, trachea, alveoli alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx, nose nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

inflammation of the epithelial membranes enclosing the lungs mesothelioma pleurisy pneumothorax botulism emphysema congestive heart failure pneumonia

pleurisy

inflammation of the lungs due to viral or bacterial infection; secretion of excess fluid in the lungs prevents proper gas exchange mesothelioma pleurisy pneumothorax botulism emphysema congestive heart failure pneumonia

pneumonia

collapse of one or more lobes of the lungs, usually due to a penetrating chest wound mesothelioma pleurisy pneumothorax botulism emphysema congestive heart failure pneumonia

pneumothorax

the air that remains in the lungs after a forceful axhalation inspiratory reserve volume vital capacity tidal volume residual volume expiratory reserve volume

residual volume

the amount of air entering the lungs with every normal breath inspiratory reserve volume vital capacity tidal volume residual volume expiratory reserve volume

tidal volume

Mucus in the nasal cavity functions to __________. trap dust and pathogens in incoming air guide airflow in the proper direction maintain the required pH of nasal secretions enhance the production of cilia

trap dust and pathogens in incoming air

the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inhalation inspiratory reserve volume vital capacity tidal volume residual volume expiratory reserve volume

vital capacity