bio chapter 19

7) If two individuals homozygous dominant for this trait have a child, what is the chance that the child will not be able to roll his tongue? A) 100% B) 50% C) 0% D) 25% E) 75%

0%

16. What are the odds that a 35 year old woman will give birth to a child with a chromosomal abnormality? A. 1/80 B. 1/1,000 C. 1/20 D. 1/500 E. 1/50

1/80

19. In cocker spaniels, black coat color (B) is dominant over red (b), and solid color (S) is dominant over spotted (s). If two dihybrids (Bb Ss) were crossed, what fraction of the black solid offspring would be homozygous? a. 4/16 b. 9/16 c. 1/9 d. 3/16 e. 3/4

1/9

10) If an individual homozygous dominant for widow's peak has a child with an individual heterozygous for widow's peak, what is the chance that the child will have a widow's peak? A) 75% B) 50% C) 25% D) 0% E) 100%

100%

8) If an individual homozygous dominant for this trait has a child with a person who cannot roll his tongue, what is the chance that the child will have a heterozygous genotype? A) 0% B) 50% C) 100% D) 25% E) 75%

100%

6. How many genes are carried on the human X chromosome? A. 20,000 B. 3,450 C. 6,660 D. 2,000 E. 260

2,000

13. Which chromosomal pair is associated with Down's syndrome? A. 8 B. 16 C. 2 D. 21 E. 34

21

2) Which of the following best describes how human chromosomes are inherited? A) sex chromosomes from the mother, autosomes from the father B) autosomes from the mother, sex chromosomes from the father C) 23 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome from the mother, 23 chromosomes and 1 sex chromosome from the father D) all chromosomes from the mother; the sperm provides the stimulus for the development of the fertilized egg E) 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome from the mother, 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome from the father

22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome from mother, 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome from father

5. What are the odds a child will inherit a recessive disorder if both parents are heterozygous? A. 25% B. 40% C. 75% D. 50% E. 33%

25%

Given the information below, answer the following questions, assuming complete dominance. "In humans, the ability to roll the tongue is a dominant trait; the inability to roll the tongue is a recessive trait." 6) If two individuals heterozygous for this trait have a child, what is the chance that the child will not be able to roll his tongue? A) 0% B) 50% C) 75% D) 25% E) 100%

25%

25. The number of different alleles for ABO blood types in the total human population is a. 4. b. 6. c. 9. d. undetermined. e. 3.

3

20. In cocker spaniels, black coat color (B) is dominant over red (b), and solid color (S) is dominant over spotted (s). If Bb Ss were crossed with Bb ss, the chance that a black solid individual would be produced is a. 3/16. b. 1/3. c. 9/16. d. 3/8. e. 1/16.

3/8

23. An incompletely dominant gene controls the color of chickens so that BB produces black, Bb produces a slategray color called blue, and bb produces splashed white. A second gene controls comb shape, with the dominant gene R producing a rose comb and r producing a single comb. If a pure-breeding black chicken with a rose comb is mated to a splashed white chicken with a single comb in the F2 generation, what fraction of the offspring will be blue with rose comb? a. 9/16 b. 3/8 c. 3/16 d. 1/8 e. 1/16

3/8

14. If Nondisjunction occurs during anaphase I, how many of the male gametes will be affected? A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 3 E. None

4

11) If an individual homozygous dominant for widow's peak has a child with an individual heterozygous for widow's peak, what is the chance that the child will have a homozygous dominant genotype? A) 25% B) 100% C) 0% D) 50% E) 75%

50%

12) Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that results from the inheritance of two recessive alleles. What is the chance that a child will inherit the disorder if one parent is heterozygous for this gene and one parent has cystic fibrosis? A) 0% B) 25% C) 50% D) 100% E) 75%

50%

4. What are the odds a child will inherit a recessive disorder if one parent is recessive and the other is heterozygous? A. 75% B. 40% C. 33% D. 50% E. 25%

50%

21. The usual F2 phenotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross is a. 1:1. b. 2:1. c. 9:3:3:1. d. 1:2:1. e. 3:1.

9:3:3:1

26. If a woman of blood type A has a child of blood type O, the father may belong to blood type a. A, AB, O, but not B. b. O only. c. A, B, O, but not AB. d. any blood type other than type A

A, B, O, but not AB.

3. What occurs at the cellular level if someone inherits Huntington's disease? A. A lipid is altered in shape and function. B. The cell membrane of muscle cells is altered in shape and function. C. The nuclear envelope is altered in shape and function. D. A protein is altered in shape and function. E. A nucleic acid is altered in shape and function.

a protein is altered in shape and function

2. Which genetic disorder is governed by a single gene? A. Cystic fibrosis B. Albinism C. Sickle Cell anemia D. Huntington's syndrome E. All are governed by a single gene.

all are governed by a single gene

14. The color of the four-o'clock flower is as follows: homozygous dominant—red homozygous recessive—white The flower color in this plant is inherited by incomplete dominance. If a flower homozygous dominant for flower color is crossed with a white flower, the color of the offspring flowers will be expected to be: A) all white. B) all red. C) 50% white and 50% red. D) all pink. E) 50% white and 50% pink.

all pink

15) The color of the four-o'clock flower is as follows: homozygous dominant—red homozygous recessive—white If flower color were inherited by complete dominance, the flower colors of the offspring of the above cross would be: A) all red. B) 50% white and 50% red. C) all white. D) all pink. E) 50% white and 50% pink.

all red

1) Variations of homologous genes that result in differences in structure and function are: A)linked. B)autosomes. C)dominant. D)alleles. E) loci.

alleles

22) What is the significance of crossing-over, independent assortment, and random fertilization? A) an increase in the number of gametes produced by an individual, thereby increasing the chance that fertilization will occur B) a decrease in the amount of time it takes to produce gametes C) an increase in the genetic diversity of gametes and zygotes D) a decrease in the genetic complexity of living systems, making it more likely that a species will survive E) an increase in the number of daughter cells produced by mitosis, thus providing a mechanism for rapidly repairing injured tissues

an increase in the genetic diversity of gametes and zygotes

B. A chromosome abnormality in which an individual's cells carry too many or too few copies of a particular chromosome ________ aneuploidy ________ deletion ________ duplication ________ inversion ________ nondisjunction ________ pedigree ________ polyploidy ________ translocation

aneuploidy

4) Which of the following could be used to represent a gamete when using a Punnett square to determine the pattern of inheritance? A) aabb B) Bb C) b D) BB E) bb

b

18. In cocker spaniels, black coat color (B) is dominant over red (b), and solid color (S) is dominant over spotted (s). If two dihybrids (Bb Ss) were crossed, the most common phenotype would be a. black and solid. b. black and spotted. c. red and solid. d. red and spotted. e. none of these

black and solid

9) In humans, widow's peak is a dominant trait, and a straight hairline is a recessive trait. Assuming complete dominance, which of the following combinations of parental genotypes could not result in a child with a straight hairline? A) heterozygote X heterozygote B) heterozygote X homozygous recessive C) homozygous dominant X homozygous recessive D) homozygous dominant X homozygous dominant E) both C and D

both C and D

7. Which of the following statements is true about sex linked disorders? A. Only the mother's chromosomes will determine the sex linked disorders of all of her children. B. The mother's chromosomes will determine the sex linked disorders of her daughters. C. The father's chromosomes will determine the sex linked disorders of his daughters. D. Both parents' chromosomes will influence their daughters sex linked disorders equally. E. Only the father's chromosomes will determine the sex linked disorders of all of his children.

both parents' chromosomes will influence their daughters sex linked disorders equally

18. Which ion is not transported out of the cells when a person has cystic fibrosis? A. Chloride B. Sodium C. Hydrogen D. Potassium E. Nitrogen

chloride

19. Due to the faulty transport protein in cystic fibrosis, ________ ions cannot leave the cell and ________ accumulates on the cell's surface. A. chloride, salts B. chloride, mucus C. hydrogen, mucus D. sodium, cancer E. potassium, mucus

chloride, mucus

17. What is the most common fatal genetic disorder in the U.S.? A. Diabetes B. Down's syndrome C. Huntington's disease D. Parkinson's Disease E. Cystic fibrosis

cystic fibrosis

11. Which type of chromosomal change occurs when a portion of a chromosome is lost? A. Duplication B. None of these choices. C. Translocation D. Deletion E. Inversion

deletion

A. Mutation in which one or more base pairs are lost from a chromosome. ________ aneuploidy ________ deletion ________ duplication ________ inversion ________ nondisjunction ________ pedigree ________ polyploidy ________ translocation

deletion

H. Repeated section of a chromosome. ________ aneuploidy ________ deletion ________ duplication ________ inversion ________ nondisjunction ________ pedigree ________ polyploidy ________ translocation

duplication

22. Coat color in one breed of mice is controlled by incompletely dominant alleles so that yellow and white are homozygous, while cream is heterozygous. The cross of two cream individuals will produce a. all cream offspring. b. equal numbers of white and yellow mice, but no cream. c. equal numbers of white and cream mice. d. equal numbers of yellow and cream mice. e. equal numbers of white and yellow mice, with twice as many creams as the other two colors.

equal numbers of white and yellow mice, with twice as many creams as the other two colors

15. Which of the following items will not help treat or eliminate the symptoms of genetic disorders? A. Exposure to carcinogens B. Hormone replacement therapy C. Surgery D. Dietary controls E. Prescription drugs

exposure to carcinogens

19) Which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance? A) eye color B) wavy hair C) sickle cell anemia D) widow's peak E) blood type

eye color

2) The gene that contributes to baldness is located on the Y chromosome.

false

4) A translocation occurs when a piece of chromosome breaks off and is lost.

false

3) Which of the following is not a phenotype? A) homozygous recessive B) brown hair color C) blood type AB D) long fingers E) attached earlobes

homozygous recessive

5) Which of the following is true regarding complete dominance? A) Complete dominance usually results in three possible phenotypes. B) The dominant allele is usually the mutated form of the gene. C) In the heterozygous condition, the expression of the dominant gene completely masks the effect of the recessive gene. D) In the homozygous dominant condition, the recessive phenotype will be expressed. E) In the heterozygous condition, the recessive phenotype will be expressed.

in the heterozygous condition, the expression of the dominant gene completely masks the effect of the recessive gene

13) The offspring resulting from a cross between a nearly white horse (cc) and a chestnut-colored horse (CC) are of an intermediate color (between white and chestnut). Which of the following patterns of inheritance best explains this? A) sex-linked B) incomplete dominance C) complete dominance D) polygenic inheritance E) codominance

incomplete dominance

17) Which of the following is true regarding sickle-cell anemia or trait? A) Sickle-cell anemia is characterized by the presence of flattened red blood cells, which are more efficient in the transport of oxygen than normal red blood cells. B) Individuals heterozygous for this disorder who live in malaria-infested areas of the world are less likely to develop malaria. C) Individuals homozygous dominant for this trait develop sickle-cell anemia before the age of 30. D) The presence of malaria has caused the frequency of the sickle-cell gene to decrease worldwide. E) This disease affects primarily Caucasians.

individuals heterozygous for this disorder who live in malaria-infested areas of the world are less likely to develop malaria

10. Which type of chromosomal change occurs when a part of a sequence becomes oriented in the reverse direction? A. None of these choices. B. Deletion C. Duplication D. Inversion E. Translocation

inversion

D. Structural rearrangement of a chromosome in which part of it becomes oriented in the reverse direction ________ aneuploidy ________ deletion ________ duplication ________ inversion ________ nondisjunction ________ pedigree ________ polyploidy ________ translocation

inversion

18) Which of the following is true regarding an individual who has inherited one sickle-cell gene and one normal gene for hemoglobin A) has the homozygous recessive genotype for this trait B) will produce only abnormal hemoglobin C) is more likely to resist malaria than an individual with two normal genes for hemoglobin D) will develop sickle-cell anemia E) will most likely die before the age of 10 from complications associated with abnormal white blood cells

is more likely to resist malaria than an individual with two normal genes

17. Mendel's dihybrid crosses provided indirect evidence for all but which one of the following? a. independent assortment b. dominance c. linkage d. presence of two factors in parents and offspring e. segregation of factors

linkage

12. When the chromosomes do not separate properly, the process is called ___________. A. trisomic B. polyploidy C. aneuploidy D. nondisjunction E. monosomic

nondisjunction

E. Failure of sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes to separate during nuclear division. ________ aneuploidy ________ deletion ________ duplication ________ inversion ________ nondisjunction ________ pedigree ________ polyploidy ________ translocation

nondisjunction

8. Which genetic disorder is associated with the Y chromosome? A. None of these choices. B. All of these choices. C. Hemophilia A D. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy E. Red green color blindness

none of these choices

G. Chart showing the pattern of inheritance of a trait through generations in a family. ________ aneuploidy ________ deletion ________ duplication ________ inversion ________ nondisjunction ________ pedigree ________ polyploidy ________ translocation

pedigree

1. An analysis of genetic traits within a family that helps determine whether a trait is associated with a dominant or recessive allele is called A. epistasis B. a monohybrid cross C. a dihybrid cross D. a test cross E. pedigree analysis

pedigree analysis

28. The percentage of individuals in which a particular genotype is expressed is a. pleiotropy. b. genomic imprinting. c. codominance. d. penetrance. e. linkage.

penetrance

27. Multiple effects of a single gene is known as a. expressivity. b. penetrance. c. codominance. d. pleiotropy. e. multiple alleles.

pleiotropy

29. Traits which are controlled by more than one gene are called a. codominant. b. pleiotropic. c. polygenic. d. penetrant. e. independent.

polygenic

21) Two individuals with medium-brown skin have five children. Two of the children have dark skin, one has white skin, and two have medium-brown skin. Which of the following types of inheritance best explains this phenomenon? A) codominance B) linked genes C) polygenic inheritance D) incomplete dominance E) sex-linked inheritance

polygenic inheritance

C. Having three or more of each type of chromosome characteristic of the species. ________ aneuploidy ________ deletion ________ duplication ________ inversion ________ nondisjunction ________ pedigree ________ polyploidy ________ translocation

polyploidy

16) Which of the following human traits is an example of codominance? A) sickle-cell anemia B) variation in eye color C) human height D) AB blood type E) both A and D

sickle-cell anemia and AB blood type

20) The trend toward increased height and weight due to improved nutrition in certain human populations is an example of the effect of ________ on phenotypes. A) genetic disorders B) gene linkage C) codominance D) the environment E) polygenic inheritance

the environment

30. Which of the following statements concerning genes and behavior is true? a. Most genes for desirable behavior are dominant. b. The relationship between genes and behavior is not firmly established. c. Studies of twins prove that behavior is genetically programmed. d. Because behavior genes are recessive, experiments should be easy to design. e. all of these are correct

the relationship between genes and behavior is not firmly established

9. Which type of chromosomal change occurs when a chromosome breaks and the broken part attaches to a different chromosome? A. Deletion B. Translocation C. Duplication D. None of these choices. E. Inversion

translocation

F. In genetics, a chromosome abnormality that is caused by rearrangement of parts between nonhomologous chromosomes. ________ aneuploidy ________ deletion ________ duplication ________ inversion ________ nondisjunction ________ pedigree ________ polyploidy ________ translocation

translocation

1) In the human male, genotype and phenotype associated with the genes on the X chromosome are determined by the one X chromosome he inherits from his mother.

true

3) Most gametes or embryos that receive an incorrect number of chromosomes are not likely to survive.

true

5) Translocation of genes appears to increase the risk of certain cancers.

true

24. If a child belonged to blood type O, he or she could NOT have been produced by which set of parents? a. Type A mother and type B father b. Type A mother and type O father c. Type AB mother and type O father d. Type O mother and type O father e. a and c could not, but both b and d could produce a type O child

type AB mother and type O father