Bio Chapter 31

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the flatworms?

Parasitic flatworms have a well-developed head with eyespots and nerves concentrated into a brain.

If you live on a river delta or coastline, you may not be able to eat the local shellfish because of high levels of toxins present in the water. Why?

Clams filter-feed and concentrate the dilute pollutants from the water, thus acting as early warning indicators of severe pollution.

Which of these statements is NOT correct about the flatworms?

Planaria ingest food through a mouth located in the head region

Which statement is NOT correct about the roundworms?

Roundworms are essentially no more than parasitic flatworms that have lost their need to be flat.

Which statement about arachnids is NOT true?

Spiders have trachea for respiration.

Which statement about sponges is NOT correct?

Sponges are thought to be at the base of the evolutionary tree, leading to more complex animals such as corals and worms.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about cnidaria?

The adult body is bilaterally symmetrical.

Which statement about cnidaria is NOT true?

The body plan is tube-within-a-tube, with both mouth and anus.

If echinoderms are radially symmetrical, why are they not in the same phylum as the cnidarians?

The echinoderm larvae are originally bilaterally symmetrical but metamorphose into a radially symmetrical adult.

Which statement is NOT true about echinoderms?

The exoskeleton is made up of bony tissue

Which of the following is NOT true about protostomes?

The first opening during embryonic development becomes the anus.

Why are real bath sponges so soft?

The harder silica or calcium spicules are absent and the softer spongin remains

Which of the following statements about hydra morphology is correct?

The hydra is a tube-shaped polyp that has two layers of tissue

If you play with a living anemone with a probe, it will withdraw even if you vibrate the probe like prey would vibrate; it also withdraws if you just add sugar. However, it reaches out and grasps an object that both vibrates and tastes like food. The use of such a double system prevents unnecessary firing of expensive nematocysts. Why are nematocysts "expensive"?

The nematocyst is very complex and most likely costs the anemone much energy to build.

Which description best fits the lophotrochozoa?

As embryos, they have three germ layers that will develop into the organ level of organization as adults.

Which feature is not found in the lophotrochozoa?

As embryos, they have two germ layers that develop into their body systems. B. aquatic lifestyle

Which of the following statements about sponges is NOT correct?

Amoeboid cells capture food particles from the water.

Which of the following is generally NOT a characteristic of all animals?

Animals range from unspecialized single-celled to specialized multicellular forms.

Lophotrochozoa are animals that are organized circularly, so no matter how they are sliced in half longitudinally, mirror images are obtained.

False

Sponges exhibit radial symmetry.

False

Which of the following is characteristic of flukes?

Flukes have a well-developed alimentary canal.

____ are animals that have three pairs of legs, a tympanum for reception of sound waves, and Malpighian tubules for excretion.

Grasshoppers

Which of the following is a way that crayfish and grasshoppers are different?

Grasshoppers have spicules and tracheal tubes that serve as the means of gas exchange, while crayfish have gills.

Which statement is NOT true about invertebrate animals?

Invertebrates lack a nervous system.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the flatworms?

Liver flukes and blood flukes are parasites in humans only.

Clams, snails, sea slugs, and octopuses belong to the phylum

Mollusca.

Which of the following is a way that crayfish and grasshoppers are similar?

Both have antennae that have a sensory function.

Both corals and calcareous sponges have calcium carbonate structures. What is the relationship between these two groups?

The sponges use calcium carbonate to form sharp spicules, while the corals independently use the same material to form a skeleton.

Which difference distinguishes protostomes from deuterostomes?

Their embryonic development is different.

Which of the following statements about planaria is NOT true?

There is a rudimentary circulatory system with a small central heart.

Which of the following characteristics is NOT true about deuterostomes?

They include the simplest of invertebrates.

Earthworms possess both male and female organs on separate segments; thus, mating consists of "parallel parking" in opposite directions and cross-fertilizing. Given this, which of the following is(are) true?

This is an advantage since they can mate with any other earthworm of the same species that they encounter.

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of sponges?

Water enters through a single cavity, the osculum

A sea star's nervous system includes

a central nerve ring that gives off radial nerves in each arm.

A floating Portuguese man-of-war is

a colony of polyps composed of different types of individuals.

Which body structure describes the freshwater hydra?

a freely moving polyp with mouth pointing upward

Sea stars and sea urchins operate their tube feet by

a hydraulic system that regulates water pressure.

It is NOT correct to say that arthropods have

a tough exoskeleton that grows by expansion.

An adaptation exhibited by the tapeworm for survival in a host's intestine is

a tough integument resistant to host digestive fluids.

The madreporite helps the sea star

absorb water to regulate its vascular system.

An insect circulatory system is best described as

an open system that mostly washes hemolymph "blood" through the hemocoel.

Earthworms are

annelids.

An arachnid differs from a crustacean because

arachnids have four pairs of walking legs

Echinoderms and cnidarians

are both radially symmetrical.

Which type of organism is characterized by having jointed appendages, ability to molt, and three sets of fused segments?

arthropods

Animals that have no particular symmetry exhibit

asymmetry.

Which of the following organisms exhibit complete metamorphosis?

butterfly

Sea stars reproduce

by sexual means and also by asexual fragmentation.

In flame cells

cilia drive fluids through tubules for excretion of excess water.

Fertilization in the earthworm is accomplished by the use of the

clitellum.

When an earthworm secretes a slime layer to receive eggs and sperm and form a ''cocoon,'' this secretion is produced by the

clitellum.

Which of the following organisms exhibit radial symmetry as adults?

cnidarians

The stinging cells or nematocysts are characteristic of

cnidarians.

Which of the following is NOT an echinoderm?

crayfish

The life cycle of animals

does not demonstrate alternation of generations; gametes are haploid and the organism is diploid.

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of earthworms?

dorsal solid nerve cord

Which of the following organisms are considered advanced invertebrates with a true coelom?

earthworms

Which of the following organisms show the typical method of acquiring food that is found in animals?

earthworms, annelids, who feed on any available organic matter that they can take into their mouths

A closed circulatory system is found in

earthworms.

How could you possibly become infected with adult tapeworms?

eating insufficiently cooked pork

The most likely ancestors of the chordates are considered to be echinoderms because

embryos of echinoderms and chordate embryos are deuterostomes

Which of the following is correct in matching the common name with a phylum name?

fluke—Platyhelminthes

The molluscs look so different, and yet we can tell they are related because they all

have a mantle, visceral mass, and a foot.

The major insect body parts are

head, thorax, abdomen

The complex eye that can distinguish shapes is found

in molluscs but the eye structure evolved differently.

The largest animal group, both in number of species and number of individuals, is the

insects.

A major characteristic of the arthropods is the presence of

jointed appendages.

Because they have nerve fibers and muscle fibers, hydra are capable of directional movement. These nerve and muscle fibers are found

just under the epidermis; muscle fibers are found in the gastrodermis.

Earthworms differ from most of the marine annelids in that earthworms

lack paddle-like parapodia that marine annelids have.

Which are NOT among the phylum Mollusca?

lobsters

If the water vascular system of the echinoderm was eliminated, which echinoderm function would not exist anymore?

locomotion

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of echinoderms?

locomotion by muscles

The cephalopods resemble other molluscs because they have

most of the internal organs located in a visceral mass.

Which of the following types of skeletal material is NOT found in at least some sponges?

muscle

A hydra moves via

muscle and nerve fibers.

What system do the cnidaria have that sponges lack?

nervous

Which of these is a bivalve?

oyster

Which of the following are NOT cnidaria?

planaria

The ____ of the tapeworm contains both male and female sex organs and becomes filled with developing embryos.

proglottids

The segments of a tapeworm consisting primarily of eggs, which hang in bags as a long chain behind the head, are called

proglottids.

Which type of animal symmetry produces mirror images of each other no matter how the animal is sliced longitudinally?

radial symmetry

If a sponge is pressed through a coarse cloth bag and whole cells are extruded through the holes. The cells will then

reassemble into a new organized sponge with each cell resuming its original job.

Tapeworms are specialized for parasitism by an excessive development of which system?

reproductive

Ascaris is considered to be a(n)

roundworm.

The head region of a tapeworm is called the

scolex

Planaria move by

secreting a film of mucus and pushing against it with epidermal cilia.

Sponges are filter feeders and are usually

sessile or relatively inactive.

The chitinous bristles that earthworms use to anchor themselves in the earth and pull themselves along are

setae.

Larval Trichinella worms live in the

skeletal muscle of pork.

A recent study of the marine hawksbill turtle's stomach contents revealed that sponges constitute a major portion of their diet. Sponge beds are generally protected from predators by the sponge's calcium and silica crystals, but these were found in quantity in the turtles' digestive systems. These structures that protect the sponges from most predators, but not turtles, are

spicules.

Which pair exhibits the closest relationship?

spider—tick

"Derm" means "skin," so the name Echinodermata literally means

spiny skin.

Respiratory structures in insects are

spiracles and tracheae

Which of these is NOT associated with a roundworm infection?

tapeworm `

Planaria feed by

tearing and sucking food particles via a muscular pharynx.

A sponge actually feeds by

the beating of the flagella of collar cells, forming a current; food is absorbed by collar cells.

The two layers of tissue in a hydra are

the epidermis that covers and protects, and the gastrodermis, where cells that complete digestion are found.

The term deuterostome refers to

the second embryonic opening becoming the mouth.

Which of these parasitic worms is NOT a nematode?

the worm that causes schistosomiasis

The insect organ most equivalent to the human lung in function is the

tracheae.

Which of the following would not show the five characteristics typically found in animals?

trypanosome, a single-celled organism that causes sleeping sickness in humans