Bio Chapter 3.4 & 3.5 Questions
Both ________ have adenine, cytosine, guanine, and a phosphate group.
DNA and RNA
What are some differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA contains deoxyribose and thymine, while RNA contains ribose and uracil.
How do the differences in amino acid sequences lead to different protein functions?
Different amino acids produce different proteins based on the bonds formed between them.
Each nucleotide consists of :
pentose sugar (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA), a nitrogenous base (adenine, cytosine, guanine, or thymine), and a phosphate group
What is removed during the formation of nucleic acid polymers?
phosphates
What is found in RNA that is not in DNA?
ribose and uracil
Which of the following is a function of proteins in cells?
structure and support for cells
The alpha helix and the beta-pleated sheet are part of which protein structure?
the secondary structure
Which structural level of proteins is most often associated with their biological function?
the tertiary structure, because it deals with the basic function of a protein
What may a nucleotide of DNA contain?
deoxyribose, thymine, and a phosphate group
What are the four types and functions of RNA?
mRNA is a single stranded transcript of DNA. rRNA is found in ribosomes. tRNA transfers specific amino acids to a developing protein strand. miRNA regulates the expression of mRNA strands
What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides(5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base).
What is a protein's chaperone?
a chemical that helps the protein fold properly
What is DNA's structure described as?
a double helix
In RNA, uracil replaces thymine and pairs with:
adenine (U-A)
What are the monomers that make up proteins called?
amino acids
What type of protein facilitates or accelerates chemical reactions?
an enzyme
What is the smallest type of RNA?
microRNA, regulation of gene expression
Where is the linkage made that combines two amino acids?
between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of the other
What may cause a protein to denature?
changes in pH, high temperatures, the addition or exposure to some chemicals
How does a chaperone work with proteins?
Chaperones assist proteins in folding.
Which molecule carries information in a form that is inherited from one generation to another?
Hereditary information is stored in the sequence of nucleotides found in DNA.
What causes the changes in protein structure through the three or four levels of structure?
The primary chain forms secondary α-helix and β-pleated sheets which fold onto each other forming the tertiary structure. The primary structure is based on the bonds between individual amino acids while the secondary structure is based on the formation of alpha and beta pleated sheets. The tertiary structure describes the folding of the secondary structure.
What structural level of proteins is functional? Why?
The tertiary structure is functional as it possesses the geometric shape showing the necessary loops and bends.
Where is the largest amount of DNA found in a eukaryotic cell?
in the nucleus