Grammar: TEAS: parts of speech
simple sentence
has only 1 independent clause and NO dependent clauses. only 1 complete idea. only 1 subject and 1 verb. IE: The cat ran under the porch.
Interjections
have no grammatical attachment to the sentence itself other than to add expression of emotion; they can be punctuated with commas or exclamation points & fall anywhere within a sentence IE: Ouch! He stepped on my toe
possessive pronouns
indicate possession IE: The apartment is HERS -mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its
reflexive pronouns
intensify a noun or reflect back on a noun IE: I made the dessert MYSELF -ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, themselves
conjunction
join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences; IE for time: after, as, as long as, as soon as, before, since, until, when, whenever IE for manner: as, as if, as though IE for cause: because IE for condition: although, as long as, even if, even though, if, while IE for purpose: in order that, so that, that IE for comparison: as, than
adverbs
modify any word or set of words that is not a noun or pronoun; often formed by adding the suffix -ly IE: He QUICKLY ran to the house next door. Her VERY effective speech earned her a promotion
adjectives
modify or describe nouns and pronouns; usually placed before the word being modified IE: The BEAUTIFUL necklace will go perfectly with my dress.
noun
people, place, things, ideas IE: Chair
pronouns
replace nouns IE: She
preposition
set up relationships in time or space IE: AFTER the party IE: UNDER the cushion
___ baked the cookies herself and ate the most of them. Which pronoun best completes the sentence? A. she B. you C. they D. I
A
Which of the following sentences is CORRECTLY constructed? A. Between my mom and dad, my father is the oldest. B. I ran less than usual today. C. Henry's cat is more fat than mine D. After taking medicine, she felt worser.
B
My friends brought me a package of souvenirs from their trip to Spain. Identify the direct object in the sentence. A. Friends B. me C. package D. trip
C
Anne and Peter drank their coffee languidly while they read the paper. Which of the following parts of speech is "while" as used in the sentence? A. subordinating conjunction B. coordinating conjunction C. irregular verb D. adverb
A
helpful tip for adjectives & adverbs
Adjectives: answer the questions "what kind? How many? Which one?" Adverbs: answer the questions "how? When? Where? Why? to What extent?
compound sentence
has 2 or more independent clauses and no dependent clauses. IE: The cat ran under the porch, and the dog ran after him.
By this time tomorrow, we ___ in New York. Which verb phrase correctly completes the sentence? A. have been landing B. will have landed C. have landed D. are landing
B
John and Carol must drive through the tunnel, but Carol is claustophobic. Identify the prepositional phrase in the sentence. A. must drive B. through the tunnel C. drive through D. but Carol is
B
What purpose do nouns usually serve in a sentence? A. they indicate possession B. They act as subject or object C. They intensity other nouns D. They clarify when an action occurs
B
Which of the following is a compound sentence? A. The turtle swam slowly around the pond. B. Alligators generally lie still, but they can move with lightning speed. C. Mice are most likely to come out at night after other animals have gone to sleep. D. Squirrels, to prepare for winter, gather and hide seeds and nuts underground.
B
Complex sentence
has only 1 independent clause and 1 or more dependent clauses. IE: The cat, who is scared of the dog, ran under the porch.
He carelessly sped around the flashing yellow light. Which is the adverb in this sentence? A. flashing B. yellow C. around D. carelessly
D
"Come here! Look! Our team won the Super Bowl!! Yay! Identify the interjection in the following sentence. A. Come here! B. Our team won C. Look! D. Yay!
D
Dodging traffic, Rachel drove to work on back roads. What type of phrase is underlined in the sentence? A. Prepositional Phrase B. Noun Phrase C. Verb Phrase D. Verbal Phrase
D
if you have (2) dependent clauses, they should be joined with a comma + conjunction
IE: He liked to cook, and baking was his specialty
Noun phrase
THE BIG, RED BARN rests beside THE VACANT CHICKEN HOUSE
A compound-complex sentence
has 2 or more independent clauses and 1 or more dependent clauses. IE: The cat, who is scared of the dog, ran under the porch, and the dog ran after him.
prepositional phrase
The dog is hiding UNDER THE PORCH.
phrase
a group of words that communicates a partial idea and lacks either a subject or a predicate; several phrases may be strung together, one after another, to add detail and interest to a sentence
prepositional phrase
a preposition will always function as part of a prepositional phrase - the preposition along with the object of the preposition IE: after the party
personal pronouns
act as subjects or objects in a sentence IE: SHE received a letter -I, we, you, he, she, it, they
verbal phrase
begins with a word that would normally act as a verb but is instead filling another role within the sentence. Can act as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. IE: TO VISIT EUROPE had always been her dream. ENJOYING THE STARS THAT FILLED THE SKY, Dave lingered outside for quite a while.
independent clause
can stand alone as its own sentence IE: the dog ate her homework.
dependent clause
cannot stand alone as their own sentence; they start with a subordinating conjunction, relative pronoun, or relative adjective, which makes them sound incomplete IE: Because the dog ate her homework.
clause
contain both a subject and a verb
verb
express action or state of being IE: run, jump, play
verb phrase
the chef WANTED TO COOK a different dish.
action verbs
those that describe action IE: My brother PLAYS tennis
linking verbs
those that describe being IE: He IS the best player on the team
appositive phrase
type of noun phrase that renames the word or group of words that precedes it; usually follow the noun they describe and are set apart by commas IE: my dad, A CLOCK MAKER, loved antiques
