Bio Chapter 4

organelles of the endomembrane system communicate via

transportation vesicles

True or False lysosomes break down damages organelles

true

True or False? Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane bound organelles

true

True or False? Eukaryotic cells have a cytoskeleton to help cells maintain shape, anchor organelles, and help with movement

true

True or False? Prokaryotic cells are small and simple while Eukaryotic cells are large and complex

true

True or False? The Golgi apparatus assorts and distributes protein products using transport vesicles.

true

True or False? The chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis that takes place in the thylakoid.

true

True or False? the plasma membrane is structurally composed of phospholipids only.

false

true or false? ATP production takes place in the intermembrane space pf mitochondria

false

true or false? smooth ER are sites of secretory protein production

false

granum

A stack of thylakoids in chloroplast

what makes our cells move?

cilia and flagella (sperm)

True or False? Prokaryotic cells store DNA in a nucleus

false

smooth ER

Synthesis of lipids, processes toxins, store calcium

function of nucleus

Contains DNA and directs protein to RNA

chloroplast

Convert solar energy to chemical energy

chromatin

DNA wrapped around proteins

Golgi apparatus

Modifies, sorts, and ships cell products

In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads... a. are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane b. are hydrophobic and face inward, shielded from water c. are hydrophobic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane. d. are hydrophilic and face inward, shielded from water

a

Thylakoid

a disk shaped sac in chloroplast

What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common? a. all are located in the nucleus of the cell b. they are all physically connected to each other c. they are all membranous organelles comprising the endomembrane system d. they all preform similar roles in the cell

c

What name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-mRNA? a. RNA processing b. gene expression c. transcription d.translation

c

mitochondrial matrix

contains dna, ribosomes, and enzymes of the mitochondria

The ______ is the internal skeleton of the cell that provides organization to the cell structure and activities such as movement.

cytoskeleton

________ are tightly coiled bundles of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells a. DNA b. RNA c. nucleus d. nuclear envelope e. Nuclear pore f. nucleolus g. chromosomes

g

The ____ apparatus is the location where protein products from the ER are modified, sorted, then sent to other organelles or to the cell surfaces to be exported.

golgi

integrins

help cells stick together

phospholipid structure

hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail

mRNA

messenger RNA

peroxisomes

metabolic compartments

what proteins make up cytoskeleton?

microfilament, intermediate filaments, microtubes

the ________ is site of ATP production

mitochondria

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, has a cell wall, simple celled, cytoplasm, nucleoid

plasma membrane

outer layer of the cell

the ________ membrane serves as the outer layer (or city limits) surrounding of all cells.

plasma

What are the similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

plasma membrane, cytosol, dna, ribosomes

rough ER

produces membranes phospholipids and secretory proteins

vacuoles

storage

what are the two cell types

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Mitochondria are found in ________ a. both plant and animal cells b. plant cells only c. animal cells only d. animal cells and bacterial cells

a

Plant cells have two energy-related organelles. ________________ harness light energy to create sugars and ________________ break down these sugars to create ATP. a. chloroplasts; mitochondria b. chloroplast; ribosomes c. mitochondria; chloroplasts d. ribosomes; chloroplasts

a

What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA? a. RNA processing b. gene expression c. transcription d. translation

a

______ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells. a. central vacuoles; ribosomes b. chloroplasts; central vacuoles c. lysosomes ; plasma membranes d. cell wall; chloroplast

a

_____is the self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms; it is the main constituent of chromosomes and the carrier of genetic information. a. DNA b. RNA c. nucleus d. nuclear envelope e. Nuclear pore f. nucleolus g. chromosomes

a

the function of mitochondria is a. cellular respiration b. photosynthesis c. intercellular digestion d. lipid synthesis

a

to enter or leave any cell, substances must pass through______. a. the plasma membrane b. a ribosome c. a microtubule d. the nucleus

a

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

a membrane network of tubes and sacs

phospholipid

allows only certain molecules pass through them to enter or exit the cell.

bound

attached to ER

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum a. is the major site of carbohydrate synthesis in eukaryotic cells b. stores calcium ions in muscle cells c. produces proteins for cell membranes d. helps assemble ribosomes for protein synthesis

b

You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude correctly that the cells a. are bacterial cells b. are plant cells c. are animal cells d. could be with plant or bacterial cells

b

_____ is used in all steps of protein synthesis and carries the genetic information of many viruses a. DNA b. RNA c. nucleus d. nuclear envelope e. Nuclear pore f. nucleolus g. chromosomes

b

the cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of ______ a. monofilaments b. microtubules c. intermediate filaments d. microfilaments

b

the plant cell wall ..... a. makes food by converting light energy to chemical energy b. is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils c. is very similar to the animal cell wall d. is found inside the plasma membrane

b

which of following structures is essential for the successful operation of the endomembrane system a. centrioles b. transport vesicles c. anchoring junctions d. chloroplasts

b

which of the following is NOT and example of an organelle found in animals? a. lysosomes b. cell wall c. nucleus d. endoplasmic reticulum

b

phospholipid function

barrier

The ____________________ builds compounds, whereas the ________________ breaks things down. a. Golgi apparatus; central vacuole b. Golgi apparatus; lysosome c. endoplasmic reticulum; lysosome d. endoplasmic reticulum; golgi apparatus

c

Which is a typical function of lysosomes? a. enclosing bacteria within a safe, contained environment b. rebuilding macromolecules, such as glycoproteins c. breaking down of damaged organelles d. storage of food particles for energy purposes

c

how are proteins with functions outside the cell exported? a. The protein will be sent to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum to be sorted for its final destination. b. Proteins are modified with the addition of a monosaccharide. c. The protein is packaged for transport to the Golgi apparatus for processing, after which it is sent to the cell membrane for export. d.The proteins are packaged into vesicles for transport to the lysosomes.

c

the Golgi apparatus a. strings together amino acids to produce proteins b. is the site of carbohydrates breakdown c. stores, modifies, and packages proteins d. is composed of stacks of membranous vesicles that are continuous with one another.

c

the function of chloroplast is a. cellular respiration b. intercellular digestion c. photosynthesis d. lipid synthesis

c

the stroma is the ____ a. space between the inner and outer membrane of a mitochondrion b. space between the inner and outer membrane of a chloroplast c. thick fluid enclosed by the inner chloroplast membrane d. watery fluid enclosed by the inner membrane of a mitochondrion

c

the________ is the most prominent membrane-bound organelle in eukaryote cells, and it houses most of a cell's DNA a. DNA b. RNA c. nucleus d. nuclear envelope e. Nuclear pore f. nucleolus g. chromosomes

c

what are three organelles that plant cells have but animal cells do not? a. chloroplast, central vacuole, lysosome b. chloroplast, cell wall, lysosome c. chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall d. mitochondria, cell wall, central vacuole

c

what is the function of a bacterium's capsule? a. DNA storage b. propulsion c. protection d. protein synthesis

c

which cellular organelle is requires for photosynthesis to occur in eukaryotic cells? a. nucleus b. Golgi apparatus c. chloroplast d. lysosome

c

which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast? a. stores compounds produced by the cell b. serves as a protein manufacturing facility c. converts light energy to chemical energy d. internal pressure of a cell

c

Mitochondria

carry out cellular respiration

Animal cells are surrounded by a(n) ________________, whereas plant cells are also surrounded by a(n) ________________ . a. endomembrane; cell wall b. plasma membrane; endomembrane c. nuclear membrane; endomembrane d. plasma membrane; cell wall

d

Polypeptides are assembled from _____. a. hexoses b. gycerol c. proteins d. amino acids

d

What name is given to the process in which the information encoded in a strand of mRNA is used to construct a protein? a. RNA processing b. gene expression c. transcription d. translation

d

secretory proteins are a. produced by the cell for internal use b. produced by ribosomes on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum c. chemically modified in the nucleus d. released from the cell through the plasma membrane

d

the ______ is the two-layered membrane that encases the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm. a. DNA b. RNA c. nucleus d. nuclear envelope e. Nuclear pore f. nucleolus g. chromosomes

d

which of the following is a function of the central vacuole? a. separating the cell from its surroundings b. storing the genetic information c. working with mRNA to synthesize proteins d. storing compounds produced by the cell

d

which of the following would distinguish a bacterial cell from an animal cell? a. production of proteins b. replication of DNA c. presence of a plasma membrane d. presences of cell wall

d

which organelle is involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and the detoxification of alcohol? a. smooth ER b. Golgi apparatus c. ribosomes d. peroxisome

d

which statement about the functions of a plant cell central vacuole is false? a. the central vacuole of a plant cell may help increase the size of cells by absorbing water. b. the central vacuole of a plant cell may store poisons c. the central vacuole of a plant cell may store waste products d. the central vacuole of a plant cell may digest chemicals for reycling

d

which structure is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells? a. membrane-bound nucleus b. chromosome c. ribosomes d. nucleoid

d

lysosomes

digestive compartments

a protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm is called a a. DNA b. RNA c. nucleus d. nuclear envelope e. Nuclear pore f. nucleolus g. chromosomes

e

which cell has membrane enclosed organelles compartmentalize a cells activities

eukaryotic

the round body that sis inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and makes ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal RNA is known as the ______ a. DNA b. RNA c. nucleus d. nuclear envelope e. Nuclear pore f. nucleolus g. chromosomes

f

True or False? All human eukaryotic cells have flagella

false

True or False? Chloroplasts are filled with a liquid filling called granum

false

True or False? Ribosomes are organelles?

false

True or False? The cell wall is found in all prokaryotes and eukaryote cells

false

True or False? The extracellular matrix is inside the cell, while the cytoskeleton is outside of the cell.

false

True or False? plant cells have chloroplast but don't have mitochondria

false

cristae

folds of matrix

unbound

free floating in cytosol

cytoskeleton

internal skeleton

describe the eukaryotic cells

large, complex, sophisticated

stroma

liquid inside chloroplast

The _______ is the location where ingested substances and damaged organelles are broken down.

lysosome

cytoskeleton function

maintains of cell shape, muscle contraction, movement of organelles

function of ribosomes

make proteins

extracellular matrix(ECM)

outside skeleton

nuclear pore

passageway for molecules into and out of the nucleus

The _______ is the location where fatty acids are broken down and harmful compounds, like alcohol, are detoxified.

peroxisome

nuclear envelope

phospholipid bilayer of nucleus

intermembrane space

region between inner and outer membranes

the ________ is the site of protein synthesis

ribosome

describe the prokaryotic cells

small, simple, not as sophisticated

True or False? The extracellular matrix is located outside the cell and helps bind cells together and support the plasma membrane

true

True or False? The plasma membrane is selectively permeable

true

True or False? ribosomes that are free and bound make proteins the same exact way.

true

true or false? peroxisomes detoxify harmful compounds

true

The ______ is a large storage vesicle that stores water and wastes within the cell.

vacuole

The cell ________ is the firm, protective covering that provides shape and protection to prokaryotic cells and plant cells.

wall