Bio chapter 5 homework for test 2
__________ glands (such as tear glands) have vesicles that release their secretion via exocytosis. __________ glands (such as oil-producing glands) secrete a mixture of disintegrated cells and their products.
Merocrine; holocrine
The rubbery matrix of cartilage is secreted by ___________, whereas ___________ produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue.
Chondroblasts; fibroblasts
Which of the following does not account for the gelatinous consistency of connective tissue ground substance?
Collagen
A connective tissue fiber refers to a(n) _________, and a muscle fiber refers to a(n) _________.
Complex of macromolecules; entire cell
Glands that have branched ducts and secretory cells that form sacs at one end of the ducts are classified as _______ glands.
Compound acinar
The clear gel inside a cell is called __________.
Cytosol
The covering of body surfaces and the lining of body cavities is composed of _________ tissue.
Epithelial
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) help give the ground substance some of its qualities, including __________.
Holding water and maintaining electrolyte balance.
Which of the following is not a type of fibrous connective tissue?
Hyaline cartilage
Marfan syndrome is a hereditary defect of elastin fibers. People with this syndrome have ________.
Hyperextensible joints
After six months of lifting weights at the gym, you notice that some of your muscles have increased in size. This increase in size is due to _________ of muscle cells.
Hypertrophy
The histological section that divides the specimen into its long axis is called a(n) _________ section.
Longitudinal
The middle primary germ layer is called _________, which gives rise to a gelatinous material called ____________, which then gives rise to different types of connective tissue such as bone, muscle, and blood.
Mesoderm; mesenchyme
The pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the bronchi in smokers may transform into stratified squamous epithelium. This is an example of ___________.
Metaplasia
Mucin is secreted by ________ glands, which combines with water to form a thick and sticky product. __________ glands produce a relatively watery fluid.
Mucous; serous
Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and ___________.
Neuroglia
___________ epithelium provides a moist and slippery surface and is well suited to resist stress, as seen in the ___________.
Nonkeratinized; vagina
With regard to the healing of a skin wound, macrophages ___________.
Phagocytize and digest tissue debris
__________ epithelium is the most widespread epithelium in the body, whereas __________ epithelium is rare.
Stratified squamous; stratified columnar
Skeletal muscle is described as _________.
Striated and voluntary
Most membranes are composed of two or three tissue types. However, an example of an exception is the __________ membrane.
Synovial
Collagenous fibers are very abundant in ___________.
Tendons, ligaments, and the deeper portion of the skin.
In the intestine, __________ ensure(s) that most digested nutrients pass through the epithelial cells and not between them.
Tight junctions
Most biologists see embryonic stem (ES) cells as a possible treatment for diseases that result from the loss of functional cells. This possibility is based on the face that ES cells are ________ stem cells.
Totipotent
Found in the urinary bladder, ________ epithelium resembles __________ epithelium, but the apical cells are rounded, not flattened.
Transitional; stratified squamous
Blood functions to___________.
Transport nutrients to the tissues
TRUE OR FALSE Columnar cells lining the small intestine have a brush border of microvilli on the apical surface.
True
TRUE OR FALSE Fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs.
True
TRUE OR FALSE Scar tissue helps to hold an organ together but does not restore normal function of the damaged tissue.
True
TRUE OR FALSE Smooth and cardiac muscles are under involuntary control.
True
TRUE OR FALSE The secretory product of a gland is produced by its parenchyma, not its stroma.
True
TRUE OR FALSE The clear gel that usually surrounds cells is called interstitial fluid.
True
TRUE OR FALSE Excitable cells respond to outside stimuli by means of changes in plasma membrane shape.
False
TRUE OR FALSE Nonkeratinized cells exfoliate from the surface of the skin.
False
TRUE OR FALSE Blood consists of cells and a ground substance made of formed elements.
False
TRUE OR FALSE Desmosomes are more effective than tight junctions in preventing substances from passing between cells.
False
TRUE OR FALSE Plasma cells produce the ground substance that forms the matrix of connective tissues.
False
TRUE OR FALSE The duct of an endocrine gland leads into the bloodstream rather than onto an epithelial surface.
False
The four primary tissue types found in adult organs include all of the following except __________ tissue.
Fibrous
Some simple columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelia have _________ cells, which produce a protective mucous coating over the mucous membranes.
Goblet
Which of the following is not a feature that almost all connective tissues have in common?
Ground substance is so scarce that it is not visible with a light microscope.
A thin, stained slice of tissue mounted on a microscope is called a ___________.
Histological section
_________ secrete ___________ into __________.
Endrocrine glands; hormones; the blood
TRUE OR FALSE Dendrites in a neuron send outgoing signals to other cells.
False
Which of the following is not a feature that connective tissues have in common?
A calcified matrix
The membrane that lines passageways that open to the exterior environment is called __________.
A mucous membrane (mucosa)
New triglycerides are constantly being synthesized and stored, while others are hydrolyzed and released into the circulation by the cells found in __________.
Adipose tissue
It is normal for breasts to shrink after lactation ceases. This is a consequence of _________ in human breast cells.
Apoptosis
__________ exhibits a lot of apparently empty space, and is found in many serous membranes.
Areolar tissue
An example of highly vascular tissue is _________. An example of a tissue that is not highly vascular is _________.
Areolar; cartilage
Fibroblasts and protein fibers are associated with both ________ and ________.
Dense regular; dense irregular connective tissues
The __________ gives rise to the ____________.
Ectoderm; nervous system and epidermis
The shape of a persons external ear is due to the presence of _________
Elastic cartilage
The membrane that lines the lumenal surfaces of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts consists of___________.
Epithelium and lamina propria
The basement membrane is found between ___________ and ______________.
Epithelium; connective tissue.
__________ tissues respond quickly to outside stimuli by means of changes in membrane potential.
Excitable
All cells in _______ epithelium reach the basement membrane, but only cells that reach the free surface have cilia.
Pseudostratified columnar
An epithelium whose cells are tall and narrow, with each one touching the basement membrane and reaching the apical surface, is called _________ epithelium.
Simple columnar
A brush border of microvilli is found in ___________ epithelium, which can be found in the ____________.
Simple columnar; small intestine
Most kidney tubules are made of ________ epithelial tissue, which is specialized for absorption and secretion.
Simple cuboidal
Rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs takes place through __________ epithelium.
Simple squamous
_________ epithelium is associated with rapid transport of substances through a membrane, whereas ___________ epithelium is associated with resistance to abrasion.
Simple squamous; stratified squamous
Astronauts in zero gravity are able to move food through their digestive tracts because __________.
Smooth muscle produces waves of contractions that propel material through the digestive tract.