Bio
allele
Alternative forms for a specific gene
F1 generation
First filial generation; the first generation from a given cross
genotype
For example, being bb
phenotype
For example, having blue eyes
Dominant
For eye color, it is represented by a B for brown eyes
Recessive
For eye color, it is represented by a b for blue eyes
dominant
In a pair of genes, one may prevent the allele from being expressed
genotype
The genes present in an organism
tetrad
The two pairs of chromatids of the homologous pair of chromosomes comes together
deviation
Variation from the predicted values
both genes tall or both genes short
homozygous
Gregor Mendel was a respected, professional scientist who introduced the science of biology. True False
False
Which of these paired genes is homozygous? pp Pp PP PP and pp
PP and pp
pollination
Transfer of pollen in plants to the stigma which contains the female gamete
The outward appearance of a particular trait is called the ________________________.
phenotype
The probability of two independent events occurring together is the _____________________ of the probability of each event occurring separately.
product
The calculation of probabilities is based on ___________________ events.
random
The reduction of a gene pair to an allele during the formation of a gamete is called the principle of _______________________.
segregation
heterozygous
2 alleles that are different, like Bb
gamete
A reproductive cell produced by the male or female parent
probability
The chance that a given event will occur
Each trait characteristic of a plant is determined by: one dominant gene an allele one gene a pair of genes
a pair of genes
RR
homozygous, dominant cell
If you have two coins, the probability of both coming up heads from a flip of each is _______________.
25%
The second generation phenotypes resulting from the cross of true-breeding monohybrid pollination will display a ratio of: 4:0 1:2:1 3:1 none of the above
3:1
When flipping a coin, the chance that it will come up a head is _____________. If you flip the coin a second time, the chance that it will come up a head again is ______________. Let us say that you have had 25 heads come up in 25 consecutive flips. If you flip the coin one more time, the chance of coming up with a head is _______________.
50% 50% 50%
recessive
A gene or trait which is masked when a dominant allele is present
trait
A genetic characteristic of the individual
DNA
A giant molecule consisting of the sugar deoxyribose, phosphates and nitrogen bases
gene
A portion of DNA which codes a specific hereditary trait
true-breeding
An organism which is homozygous
The seeds collected from the first generation monohybrids are called: F 1 or hybrid P 1 F 1 F 2
F 1 or hybrid
Each P1 parent of a monohybrid cross has completely identical genes. True False
False
heterozygous
Refers to a pair of genes for a specific trait in an organism which are different
In the Punnett square in the video, what was the genotype of the 'mom' pea? RR Rr rr R r
Rr
monohybrid cross
The breeding of two organisms which differ in a single trait
self-fertilization
The organism brings the two genetically identical gametes together to offspring
phenotype
The outward appearance of the organism which is the product of gene action
P1 generation
The parental generation for a given cross
A ________________ trait completely hides or masks the presence of its counterpart, the ______________________ trait.
dominant recessive
The controlling influence which produced distinct ratios of traits was called __________________________ by Mendel and are known today as _____________________.
factors genes
Rr
heterozygous, dominant cell
identical alleles
homozygous definition
Genetics experiments on the breeding of plants or animals are based on the laws of ________________.
probability
The probability of a yellow-seed plant (YY) forming a Y gamete is ____________% because the principle of segregation - one ______________________ of each gene pair goes to a _____________________; it only has "Y" alleles.
100 allele gamete
The probability of having the combination of one head and one tail when flipping two coins is ___________.
50%
If you have a heterozygous yellow-seed plant (Yy), the probability of forming a "Y" gamete is __________. The probability of forming a "y" gamete is ______________. This follows the principle of segregation.
50% 50%
Which scriptures describe a biologic law of reproduction for which no exception has ever been documented? Genesis 1:24: And God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind: and it was so. Genesis 1:17: And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth Genesis 1:13: And the evening and the morning were the third day. Genesis 1:12: And the earth brought forth grass, the herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind. And God saw that it was good.
Genesis 1:24: And God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind: and it was so. Genesis 1:12: And the earth brought forth grass, the herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind. And God saw that it was good.
The characteristic which resulted from a monohybrid cross is the _____________________ trait.
dominant
one gene tall and the other short
heterozygous
unlike alleles
heterozygous definition
rr
homozygous, recessive cell
What can be expected for the recessive trait of monohybrids from the F2 generation? all dominate traits all recessive traits 1/3 dominant 2/3 recessive none of the above
none of the above
The difference between appearance and genetic makeup has led to the development of two terms to distinguish the two conditions. The appearance of the organism for the trait is called ______________________________; the actual genetic makeup is called ______________.
phenotype genotype
The major probability principle demonstrated in this exercise is that when two events occur at the same time, the probability of each occurrence yielding the same result is the ___________________________ of the probability of each separate event.
product
In addition to covering each pea plant to prevent pollination from other pea plants in his garden, what did Mendel do to prevent self-pollination? remove the stamen dust the pollen off
remove the stamen
Why did Mendel prevent his plants from self-pollinating? in order to insure that each plant's offspring would remain identical to the parents to control the crossing of the traits so they could not produce offspring to maintain a pure strain
to control the crossing of traits
Probabilities are expressed as a number between _________ and _________ .
0 1
Using the group of cards just described in this section, the probability of drawing a red five is: _____________
1/56
Homozygous
2 alleles the same, like bb
chromosome
A "threadlike" structure in the nucleus, composed of DNA
hybrid
A cross between parents which has different phenotypes for a specific trait
homoxygous
A pair of genes in an organism which are identical in the way they influence a trait
principle of segregation
Members of a gene pair separate during meiosis and are found in separate gametes
F2 generation
Second filial generation
A reptile has never been observed to give birth to a bird True False
True
Which of these genotypes are heterozygous? TT Tt tt none of these
Tt
The genotype represents: a paired combination of genes a given phenotype two alleles either a dominate or recessive gene
a paired combination of genes
tall vs. short
allele
According to scripture, all known occurrences in the laboratory of the Earth have shown that each kind of organism is limited to reproducing a similar ___________________.
kind
Mendel's first principle, the principle of _______________________ , states that in the process of forming gametes, the inheritance factors for any trait always ________________________.
segregation segregate
A monohybrid cross is made between plants: which are identical which are self pollinated which have experienced only one hybrid generation which differ in only one trait
which differ in only one trait