Bio

allele

Alternative forms for a specific gene

F1 generation

First filial generation; the first generation from a given cross

genotype

For example, being bb

phenotype

For example, having blue eyes

Dominant

For eye color, it is represented by a B for brown eyes

Recessive

For eye color, it is represented by a b for blue eyes

dominant

In a pair of genes, one may prevent the allele from being expressed

genotype

The genes present in an organism

tetrad

The two pairs of chromatids of the homologous pair of chromosomes comes together

deviation

Variation from the predicted values

both genes tall or both genes short

homozygous

Gregor Mendel was a respected, professional scientist who introduced the science of biology. True False

False

Which of these paired genes is homozygous? pp Pp PP PP and pp

PP and pp

pollination

Transfer of pollen in plants to the stigma which contains the female gamete

The outward appearance of a particular trait is called the ________________________.

phenotype

The probability of two independent events occurring together is the _____________________ of the probability of each event occurring separately.

product

The calculation of probabilities is based on ___________________ events.

random

The reduction of a gene pair to an allele during the formation of a gamete is called the principle of _______________________.

segregation

heterozygous

2 alleles that are different, like Bb

gamete

A reproductive cell produced by the male or female parent

probability

The chance that a given event will occur

Each trait characteristic of a plant is determined by: one dominant gene an allele one gene a pair of genes

a pair of genes

RR

homozygous, dominant cell

If you have two coins, the probability of both coming up heads from a flip of each is _______________.

25%

The second generation phenotypes resulting from the cross of true-breeding monohybrid pollination will display a ratio of: 4:0 1:2:1 3:1 none of the above

3:1

When flipping a coin, the chance that it will come up a head is _____________. If you flip the coin a second time, the chance that it will come up a head again is ______________. Let us say that you have had 25 heads come up in 25 consecutive flips. If you flip the coin one more time, the chance of coming up with a head is _______________.

50% 50% 50%

recessive

A gene or trait which is masked when a dominant allele is present

trait

A genetic characteristic of the individual

DNA

A giant molecule consisting of the sugar deoxyribose, phosphates and nitrogen bases

gene

A portion of DNA which codes a specific hereditary trait

true-breeding

An organism which is homozygous

The seeds collected from the first generation monohybrids are called: F 1 or hybrid P 1 F 1 F 2

F 1 or hybrid

Each P1 parent of a monohybrid cross has completely identical genes. True False

False

heterozygous

Refers to a pair of genes for a specific trait in an organism which are different

In the Punnett square in the video, what was the genotype of the 'mom' pea? RR Rr rr R r

Rr

monohybrid cross

The breeding of two organisms which differ in a single trait

self-fertilization

The organism brings the two genetically identical gametes together to offspring

phenotype

The outward appearance of the organism which is the product of gene action

P1 generation

The parental generation for a given cross

A ________________ trait completely hides or masks the presence of its counterpart, the ______________________ trait.

dominant recessive

The controlling influence which produced distinct ratios of traits was called __________________________ by Mendel and are known today as _____________________.

factors genes

Rr

heterozygous, dominant cell

identical alleles

homozygous definition

Genetics experiments on the breeding of plants or animals are based on the laws of ________________.

probability

The probability of a yellow-seed plant (YY) forming a Y gamete is ____________% because the principle of segregation - one ______________________ of each gene pair goes to a _____________________; it only has "Y" alleles.

100 allele gamete

The probability of having the combination of one head and one tail when flipping two coins is ___________.

50%

If you have a heterozygous yellow-seed plant (Yy), the probability of forming a "Y" gamete is __________. The probability of forming a "y" gamete is ______________. This follows the principle of segregation.

50% 50%

Which scriptures describe a biologic law of reproduction for which no exception has ever been documented? Genesis 1:24: And God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind: and it was so. Genesis 1:17: And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth Genesis 1:13: And the evening and the morning were the third day. Genesis 1:12: And the earth brought forth grass, the herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind. And God saw that it was good.

Genesis 1:24: And God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind: and it was so. Genesis 1:12: And the earth brought forth grass, the herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind. And God saw that it was good.

The characteristic which resulted from a monohybrid cross is the _____________________ trait.

dominant

one gene tall and the other short

heterozygous

unlike alleles

heterozygous definition

rr

homozygous, recessive cell

What can be expected for the recessive trait of monohybrids from the F2 generation? all dominate traits all recessive traits 1/3 dominant 2/3 recessive none of the above

none of the above

The difference between appearance and genetic makeup has led to the development of two terms to distinguish the two conditions. The appearance of the organism for the trait is called ______________________________; the actual genetic makeup is called ______________.

phenotype genotype

The major probability principle demonstrated in this exercise is that when two events occur at the same time, the probability of each occurrence yielding the same result is the ___________________________ of the probability of each separate event.

product

In addition to covering each pea plant to prevent pollination from other pea plants in his garden, what did Mendel do to prevent self-pollination? remove the stamen dust the pollen off

remove the stamen

Why did Mendel prevent his plants from self-pollinating? in order to insure that each plant's offspring would remain identical to the parents to control the crossing of the traits so they could not produce offspring to maintain a pure strain

to control the crossing of traits

Probabilities are expressed as a number between _________ and _________ .

0 1

Using the group of cards just described in this section, the probability of drawing a red five is: _____________

1/56

Homozygous

2 alleles the same, like bb

chromosome

A "threadlike" structure in the nucleus, composed of DNA

hybrid

A cross between parents which has different phenotypes for a specific trait

homoxygous

A pair of genes in an organism which are identical in the way they influence a trait

principle of segregation

Members of a gene pair separate during meiosis and are found in separate gametes

F2 generation

Second filial generation

A reptile has never been observed to give birth to a bird True False

True

Which of these genotypes are heterozygous? TT Tt tt none of these

Tt

The genotype represents: a paired combination of genes a given phenotype two alleles either a dominate or recessive gene

a paired combination of genes

tall vs. short

allele

According to scripture, all known occurrences in the laboratory of the Earth have shown that each kind of organism is limited to reproducing a similar ___________________.

kind

Mendel's first principle, the principle of _______________________ , states that in the process of forming gametes, the inheritance factors for any trait always ________________________.

segregation segregate

A monohybrid cross is made between plants: which are identical which are self pollinated which have experienced only one hybrid generation which differ in only one trait

which differ in only one trait