Bio Exam 1

Which of the following statements best describes ATP?

ATP consists of an adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups

Which of the following is a function of the digestive system?

Absorb nutrients

Which of the following monomers is correctly matched with its polymer?

Amino acid—protein

Which pair of enzymes is required to fully break down starch into glucose?

Amylase and maltase

Which of the following vitamins is categorized as water-soluble?

B

Which organic nutrient class consists of monosaccharide monomers?

Carbohydrates

There are four classes of organic nutrients. Which of following correctly characterizes the given energy nutrient?

Carbohydrates—provide the body with an immediate source of energy

If you added the following vitamins to a glass of water, which one would float to the top and not dissolve?

D

The plasma membrane regulates the transport of materials in and out of the cell. Whatprocess would be used to move a noncharged molecule across the membrane?

Diffusion

Which of the following best describes enzymatic activity?

Each enzyme has a preferred pH at which the enzyme reaction rate is highest.

When a car burns gasoline, much of the energy is released in the form of heat. Which of thefollowing best describes this process in relation to the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy can be changed from one form to another.

Which of the following best describes how energy drinks work?

Energy drinks contain vitamins that are known to interact with cellular respiration pathways, helping provide energy

Which one of the following is a main function of many proteins?

Enzymatic activity

Which process is responsible for moving bulk cellular wastes across the cell membrane?

Exocytosis

Which of the following is a passive mechanism used to move materials into and out of thecell?

Facilitated diffusion

Which B vitamins are used to manufacture coenzymes?

Niacin and riboflavin

You are observing a protein structure model that has pleated sheets. Which level of protein structure does this represent?

Secondary

What property of phospholipids makes them suitable for the formation of the double layerfound in membranes?

They have both a hydrophobic and ahydrophilic end

In a chemical reaction, the energy in ATP is provided by splitting the ATP molecule betweenthe

adenosine diphosphate and phosphate

Caffeine is __________

both water- and fat-soluble

Before proteins can enter cellular respiration, they are broken into amino acid, and then_________.

deaminated

In the small intestines, the role of the lacteals is to absorb __________.

fat-soluble nutrients

Vitamins are

molecules that assist enzymes in chemicalreactions or assist in energy-related pathways.

Starch digestion begins in the __________ and protein digestion begins in the __________

mouth; stomach

Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins have high amounts of potential energy. Where is thepotential energy found in these energy nutrient classes?

Between the carbon-carbon bonds

All major classes of energy nutrients have potential energy. Because of the structure of theenergy nutrient in it, which food source would provide quick access to energy?

Bread

Which of the following is an organic molecule?

C6H12O6

How does caffeine influence metabolic pathways?

Caffeine increases energy generated by cellular respiration pathways by increasing metabolic rates

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?

Glycolysis → preparatory reaction → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain

Living organisms require energy for

Mechanical work, transport work, chemical work

In the digestive system, which major organ starts the breakdown of proteins?

Stomach

Disaccharides are carbohydrates that contain two monosaccharides linked together. Whichof the following is an example of a disaccharide?

Sucrose

Digestion of energy nutrients requires specific enzymes for each molecule. Which of thefollowing enzymes is incorrectly matched with its corresponding molecule?

Sucrose-maltase

Below are ingredients found in an energy blend of an energy drink. Which of theseingredients aids in digestion of some minerals of the body?

Taurine

Enzymes catalyze a chemical reaction by

decreasing the amount of ATP required to activate a reaction.

The second law of thermodynamics states that

during the transfer of energy, someenergy is lost as heat.

Malic acid and glucuronic acid are found in energy drinks. These are examples of __________.

food additives

Cellular respiration is a process that

harvests the potential energy found in the chemical bonds of organic molecules.

Monomers are linked together by removing a ______ from one monomer, and a ______ fromanother monomer

hydroxyl group; hydrogen

Hydrolysis of sucrose, a disaccharide, results in __________

two monomers