Bio Final

The map illustrates the positions of human populations as they existed 5,000 years ago. In which populations would skin color have been the darkest?

1,3,6

The best example of exponential growth would be an increase of ____ per generation

10%

Which of the following best describes the evolutionary basis for variation in human skin color?

A and C together make up the best explanation

Which of the following correctly describes a type of fossil and the way in which it is formed?

A plant fossil may take the form of a leaf imprint, created when the leaf was rapidly buried in soft mud, which hardened around it

Which of the following describes the migration of humans in order from oldest populations to youngest populations?

Africa-Western Europe-Northeast Europe-North America-South America

Which condition(s) is/are likely to be found in a habitat near or in the hydrothermal vents of Lost City/

All of the Above

Evolution and natural selection can be witnessed in the human population by examining

All of the above

Lost City is located

All of the above

Which habitat is found at Olympic National Park?

All of the above

Which of the following statements is true?

Animals with hard parts such as bones or shells are more likely to fossilize

Which of the following statements about the three domains of life is TRUE?

Archaea is most closely related to Eukarya

Which two domains contain prokaryotic organisms?

Bacteria and Archaea

Which of the following statements is false?

Comparative anatomy is the study of bone structure in all organisms

the tree of life has been rearranged into three domains based on what evidence?

DNA similarities

All life as we know it requires carbon and energy. Which of the following BEST describes how organisms in the Lost City can acquire these

Lost City organisms acquire carbon from both methane and carbon dioxide; they acquire energy from both hydrogen gas and methane

Scientists use genetics to trace the evolution and migration of humans. How do scientists know which populations are older than others?

Members of older populations have more genetic variabiltiy

Which of the following BEST describes mitochondrial inheritance in humans?

Mitochondria are inherited only from the mother. Sperm mitochondria aren't contained in the head of the sperm, which is the only part that penetrates the egg

Which of the following most accurately describes the population cycles of moose and wolves on Isle Royale?

Moose and wolf populations rise and fall, but wolf populations peak a few years after the moose population peaks

Use the lettered phrases below to correctly compare and contrast relative and radiometric dating by selecting the answer choice that correctly identifies the characteristics of each. 1.) Can be used to arrange fossils in the correct sequence from oldest to youngest. 2.) Can provide an estimate of the absolute age of the fossils. 3.) Can be used on all fossils, regardless of the type of rock in which they are found.

Only I and III apply to relative dating, only I and II apply to radiometric dating

What fact was used to determine that mitochrondrial Eve is every human's ancestor?

Only females pass on mitochondrial genes in the egg cell

A few birds, such as ostriches, have wings but cannot fly. Which of the following best explains this?

Ostriches evolved from a bird ancestor that flew

Which of these is in the correct order based on the fossil record and our understanding of evolution?

Prokaryotes, single-celled protists, colonial protists, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds

Which of the following correctly compares and contrasts prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells are about the size of an individual mitochondrion. Prokaryotic cells have ribosomes and circular DNA not contained in nucleus, and they lack the internal structure of eukaryotes

Consider human populations living in equatorial South America, who arrived there via North America in a migration that took them from Africa, through Europe, across the Bering Land Bridge into North America, and south to their current location. How, if at all, would skin color have changed over the course of this long migration?

Skin color would have been dark in populations migrating out of Africa, lightened as populations were established in northern regions, then darkened again as populations were established in South America

Which of the following best summarizes the correlation between skin pigmentation and geography?

Skin is darkest toward the poles, where UV radiation is stronges

Which of the following statements correctly pairs specific bacteria or groups of bacteria with their adaptations to specific habitats or lifestyles?

Some harmful bacteria use pili and capsules to adhere to surfaces in host organisms

Both vitamin D and folate levels are affected by UV radiation from sunlight. Which of the following correctly explains the effects of sunlight on these vitamins?

Sunlight degrades folate but helps build vitamin D

Why do trees fluctuate with wolf-moose, predator-prey population cycles?

They are a prey food source

Fungi play a crucial ecological role in all terrestrial ecosystems, including those in Olympic National Park. What is that role?

They are decomposers, breaking down dead organisms and helping to recycle their nutrients.

Which statement is NOT true of archaea?

They are the first colonizers of earth

Early in development, vertebrate embryos develop a characteristic series of pouches in the "throat" region; these pouches are called pharyngeal arches. In the early 1800s...

This is an example of a developmental homology from which we can infer that reptiles and mammals are evolutionarily related.

Which of the following statements is true about tiktaalik?

Tiktaalik was a predator

What have scientists learned about the origins of life on Earth by studying Lost City/

You don't need life to make organic compounds

Place the following evolutionary milestones in order from first to most recent.

ability to walk upright-tool use-use of fire-big brain

Which organism would most likely NOT be found at or near a deep-sea hydrothermal vent?

aerobic bacteria

In a geographically isolated habitat, DNA analysis of a population can document

all of the above

The correlation between vitamin D, folate, sunlight exposure, and the resulting variations of skin tones is an example of

all of the above

The similarity between the forearm of a human and an alligator suggests that

alligators and humans share a common ancestor

Hardened tree sap that often contains fossilized organisms is called

amber

An organism that is eukaryotic, heterotrophic, and lacks cell walls is

an animal or a protist

Place the following in order of evolutionary history from earliest to most recent

archaea, bacteria, and eukarya

You find an animal with no backbone, a body in three segments, jointed appendages, and a hard exoskeleton. you determine that this animal is a

arthropod

Sitting beside a stream in Olympic National Park, you see a dragonfly perching on a piece of grass next to the water. You can easily see its hard, jointed exoskeleton, its three pairs of jointed legs, and its three-part body. You know, therefore, that it is a

arthropod and an insect

Why do ecologists count representative samples of a population and not the total population under study?

because it is impractical to count all the members of the population

Which describes plant groups in order of terrestrial adaptations from earliest to the most recent?

bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms

How are samples collected from Lost City?

by using remotely controlled machines

The most recent common ancestor of modern day humans is the

chimpanzee

Ocean fish demonstrate which distribution pattern?

clumped

The term ____ describes the interacting populations (e.g., moose and ticks) within an ecosystem.

community

Which prokaryotes were the first to oxygenate our planet?

cyanobacteria

It would be expected that a population geographically located where UVB exposure is maximal to have a skin tone that is

dark

The growth rate of a population is calculated from the _____ for that population

difference between births and deaths

The term ___ describes all interacting species, such as moose, ticks, and wolves, as well as their surrounding environment of trees, vegetation, and climate.

ecosysem

Velociraptor, of Jurassic Park fame, was one of many genera in the group of animals called dromeosaurs. The organisms in this group share characteristics of both dinosaurs that lived before they did and of birds, which evolved later. As such, they are

excellent examples of fossil intermediates that both support the predictions of descent with modification and help us understand the evolution of birds from their dinosaur ancestors

The sunny, south-facing slopes of the Olympic Mountains are relatively dry. In the forests there, you would expect to find

fewer bryophytes and ferns than gymnosperms and angiosperms

Pine trees, redwoods, and conifers belong in which plant group/

gymnosperms

Bacteria that eat other bacteria are called ____, while photosynthetic bacteria are called _____

heterotrophs, autotrophs

Relative dating uses

indirect dating of fossils based on their surroundings

Put the following in order from simplest to most complex

individual-population-community-ecosystem

Which does not describe the body structure of Tiktaalik?

it had jointed fingers and toes

All of the following are true of folate except

it increases with increased exposure to the sun

Why is Tiktaalik considered a transitional fossil?

it is a hybrid of an aquatic and terrestrial species

Hominids include

living and extinct great apes, humans, orangutans, chimpanzees, and gorillas

A population limited by environmental factors would be an example of

logistic growth

Carrying capacity is the ____

maximum number of individuals of a population that an area can support

In the absence of a predator species, herbivores like moose

may exceed carrying capacity and have a fast die-off

This molecule protects folate from destruction by damaging ultraviolet light

melanin

Which is the correct evolutionary order of plants, from earliest to most recent?

moss, sword fern, pine and maple

Put the following animal adaptations in order from earliest to most recent adaptation

no symmetry-radial symmetry-bilateral symmetry-backbone

The geographic distribution of a population is influenced by all of following except

number of young born

Which are all members of the domain Eukarya?

plants, animals, fungi, and protists

All of the gray wolves found in Yellowstone Park constitute a

population

All of the following are true of vitamin D except

pregnant women should reduce vitamin D in their diet to avoid birth defects

Most of the organisms found at Lost City are

prokaryotes

Which of these would NOT be useful in assessing a populations health?

radio transmitters

Mineralization is the

replacement of the bones and teeth with mineral

Homology in comparative anatomy refers to

similarity of structure and a common ancestor

When a population reaches its carrying capacity, its growth rate will

slow and remain near zero

Bacteria living in the digestive tract of termites digest the cellulose of plant-cell walls, enabling the termite to feed on wood. The bacteria rely on the termite for food, and without these bacteria, the termites would starve. This relationship is an example of

symbiosis

Which behavior would most likely result in a uniform distribution pattern?

territorial and nesting behaviors in birds

A person's skin color depends on

the amount of melanin in the skin; more melanin means darker color

All of the following are true about the evolution of the horse, except

the earliest horselike ancestors appeared 2 million years ago

Which of the following may not indicate forelimb homology?

the function of the bones

Which of the following best explains why the rock chimneys of the Lost City host such a variety of unique microbial communities?

the height of the chimneys creates a gradient of temperatures (hottest at the top and coolest at the bottom) along the chimney; these, in turn, become separate environments and host different communities

Which statement is false?

the less shared DNA, the more evidence for a common ancestor

Lost City microbial samples must be processed in an anaerobic glove bag because

the microbes are anaerobic and might be damaged if exposed to oxygen; the anaerobic glove bag eliminates oxygen

Mitochondrial Eve is

the most recent common ancestor from whom all humans today inherited their mitochondrial DNA

All of the following are true of hydrothermal vents except

the temperatures never get higher than 60 degrees C

Which is NOT a result of climate change affecting the predator prey relationships of Isle Royale?

the tick population has decreased

Which is not true of yeast?

they are multicellular

Which is not true of protists?

they are usually found in terrestrial areas

At least some Archaeans are called "extremophiles" because

they can live in environments where abiotic conditions are extreme--extremely hot, extremely salty, extremely toxic

All of the following are characteristics of insects except

they have an endoskeleton

All of the following are true of insects except

they have an endoskeleton made of protein and chitin

Which population would most likely resemble a random distribution pattern?

understory plants in a tropical rainforest

Which of the following lists plant terrestrial adaptations from earliest to most recent?

vascular, seeds, flowers, and nonvascular

Which trait do ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms share?

vasculature

The chordate group includes these animals

vertabrates

Some snakes have small remnants of legs that they now use for clasping during mating. These leg remnants are

vestigial characteristics

At which temperature would you incubate microbes collected at Lost City?

would vary, depending on collection point