Bio for life exam 2
Why is DNA replication semiconservative?
Because each DNA molecule contains an original strand and one new strand (template)
During metaphase I of meiosis, genetic information is exchanged between two homologous chromosomes resulting in new combinations of alleles. This process is called
Crossing over
Which of the following is true concerning enzymatic activity
Each enzyme has a preferred Ph at which the enzyme reaction rate is highest.
how does hemoglobin function in gas exchange?
When hemoglobin (protein) picks up oxygen it forms oxyhemoglobin
Humans have two sex chromosomes that are named based on their shape. Males have _____ and females have an _____
X and Y chromosome, two X chromosomes
During the human life cycle, the process of fertilization of an egg by sperm results in
a diploid zygote
Which of the following statements describes the correct flow of energy conversions through living systems?
chloroplasts convert solar energy to the chemical energy of nutrient molecules and mitochondria convert this chemical energy into ATP used for work.
what is a genome
collection of information
sickle cell disease results in misshapen red blood ells. What impact does this have on their ability to carry gases in the bloodstream?
it reduces their ability to carry oxygen, resulting in anemia
The plasma membrane is a thin sheet of lipid embedded with?
proteins
During translation, a polypeptide chain is created using a RNA template. Which of the following components is responsible for bringing amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain?
tRNA
what is an allele
varations of a gene
What is a genetic disease?
A genetic disease is caused by a mutation in the genetic information of an individual that can be passed on from one generation to the next
Which of the following statements best describes the structure of a hemoglobin molecule?
A hemoglobin is comprised of four globin molecules each with their own heme group that binds and caries oxygen
which of the following is a function of the digestive system?
Absorb nutrients
in which of the following is the correct monomer matched with its polymer
Amino acid- protein
Select the correct association
Carbohydrates- provide the body with an immediate source of energy
What does more co2 in the blood form?
Carbonic Acid
Which of the following statements describes the correct flow of energy conversions through living systems?
Chloroplasts convert solar energy to the chemical energy of nutrient molecules.
The method of determining the exact nucleotide order of a sequence of DNA is called _____ and is now an automated process that involves fluorescent dyes and automated machines.
DNA sequencing
Which of the following is a main function of many proteins?
Enzymatic activity
Which of the following is the main difference between in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy?
Ex vivo gene therapy occurs outside the body and in vivo gene therapy occurs within the body
what is the function of a red blood cell
Exchanges of gas, provide oxygen for circulatory system (alveoli diffusuion)
Which of the following traits are considered to be inheritable?
Eye color
which of the following is a passive mechanism used to move materials into and out of the cell?
Facilitated diffusion
What did Rosiland Franklin do?
Find DNA was a double helix
What did Oswald Avery do?
Found that dna was the transforming factor
What did erwin chargaff do?
Found that the percent of adenine in the DNA equaled that of thymine and that guanine always equaled cytosine
If the codon is CCA, what is the anticodon and what amino acid will be inserted?
GGU, proline
How does mutation change the protein?
Gene expression will force their manufacture, and the beta globin mutation causes the normal Glu to be replaced with val
Each enzyme has a particular substrate because enzymes
Have active sites complementary in shape to their substrates
What is hemoglobin?
Hemoglobin is a complex protein that consists of four polypeptide chains called globins
What do we know about Inheritance?
In order to be inheritable, a trait must be encoded in the genes of our DNA, and a copy of these genes must be able to be passed onto the Next generation of individuals.
What did Frederick Griffith do? (1920)
Indicated that a transforming factor could move DNA between strains
What is sickle cell disease?
It is an inherited blood disorder that causes the change in the primary structure of the hemoglobin, and it makes the cells look like sickles. (cant transport oxygen)
which of the following is an example of dehydration synthesis?
Nucleotides forming DNA
which of the following is a true statement about proteins?
Proteins are made up of amino acids bonded together
Sickle-cell disease results in malformed hemoglobin molecules. Which cell type contains millions of hemoglobin molecules per cell?
Red blood cells
How does sickle cell impact the circ. system?
Restricts blood flow
In humans male gametes are called _____ while female gametes are called _____
Sperm, eggs
Sickle cell disease is a recessive genetic disease. This means
Two copies of the recessive allele must be present in order for the disease to be expressed
Where within the lungs does gas exchange occur
alveoli
if we set up an experimental design to explore the full digestion of starch to glucose, we would need to include which enzyme?
amylase and maltase
Which of the following provides support for the endosymbiotic theory
mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own genomes
What is a gene?
segment of DNA that codes for a protein (rna)
DNA replication is considered to be _____ because the end product consists of one old strand and one newly synthesized strand
semiconservative
what is transcription and translation
transcription converts the genetic information while translation translates it