Bio II Section 3 Homework Questions

For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH enter the electron transport chain.

10

How many NADH molecules are produced by glycolysis?

2

In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP.

2

ATP synthase attaches phosphate groups to ______ molecules to generate ATP.

ADP

In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose breakdown?

ATP

The energy released from the redox reactions in the electron transport chain is used by the cell to make ______.

ATP

Which energy-rich molecule produced by cellular respiration directly powers cell work?

ATP

Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis? a) ATP b) water c) pyruvate d) FADH2 e) NADH + H+

d) FADH2

Each turn of the citric acid cycle generates one ATP and ___ additional energy-rich molecules: __________.

four; 3 NADH and 1 FADH2

A chemist has discovered a drug that blocks phosphoglucoisomerase, an enzyme that catalyzes the second reaction in glycolysis. He wants to use the drug to treat people with bacterial infections. However, he can't do this because _____.

human cells also perform glycolysis; the drug might also poison them

We inhale O2 and we exhale CO2. Carbon dioxide is produced __________.

in the reaction that creates acetyl CoA (coenzyme A) from pyruvate

The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is _____.

kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient

A scientist wants to study the enzymes of the citric acid cycle in eukaryotic cells. What part of the cell would she use as a source of these enzymes?

mitochondrial matrix

Glycolysis occurs in the __________.

cytosol

In an experiment, mice were fed glucose containing a small amount of radioactive carbon. The mice were closely monitored, and in a few minutes, radioactive carbon atoms showed up in __________.

Carbon Dioxide

The O2 required for __________ is supplied by __________.

Cellular Respiration; Breathing

______ are excellent fuels because they store so much energy for their mass.

Fats

Which of the following molecules is broken down in cellular respiration, providing fuel for the cell?

Glucose

During cellular respiration __________ is oxidized and __________ is reduced.

Glucose; Oxygen

Given the relatively modest number of calories burned by anything but the most vigorous activities, why can people consume over 2,000 kilocalories a day, yet maintain a healthy body weight?

Most of the energy consumed in food is spent maintaining the body's functions, so only a fraction of food energy needs to be burned in exercise.

In cellular respiration, organic molecules become oxidized as _______ picks up electrons and H+ and becomes reduced to NADH.

NAD+

During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____.

NADH and FADH2; intermembrane space

______________ is the final electron acceptor of cellular respiration.

Oxygen

Which of these enters the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)?

acetyl CoA

Which of these is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)?

acetyl CoA

The _________________________ transfers electrons to NADH and FADH2.

citric acid cycle

Glycolysis (does/does not) require O2, and likely evolved nearly a billion years before oxygen began accumulating from photosynthesis.

does not

The transfer of _________ from one molecule to another is an oxidation-reduction reaction, or redox reaction.

electrons

In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by _____.

oxidative phosphorylation

In cellular respiration, glucose becomes ___________ to carbon dioxide as it loses electrons (in hydrogen atoms).

oxidized

NADH delivers electrons to an electron transport chain, which passes the electrons through carrier molecules in a series of redox reactions to the final electron acceptor, __________.

oxygen

Bacteria have no membrane-enclosed organelles. However, some still generate ATP through cellular respiration. Where might the electron transport chain be found in these organisms?

plasma membrane

In eukaryotes, most of the high-energy electrons released from glucose by cellular respiration __________.

reduce NAD+ to NADH, which then delivers them to the electron transport chain

In cellular respiration, oxygen becomes ___________ to water (H2O) as it gains electrons (in hydrogen atoms) that came from glucose.

reduced

In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____.

substrate-level phosphorylation

In the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle), ATP molecules are produced by _____.

substrate-level phosphorylation

Most NADH molecules generated during cellular respiration are produced during __________.

the citric acid cycle

A gram of fat oxidized by cellular respiration produces approximately __________ as much ATP as a gram of carbohydrate.

twice