bio keystones

Which of the following environmental changes will most likely increase the photosynthetic rate of a plant?

A decrease in temperature to 0 degrees Celsius

Which pair of molecules are broken down by the cell to release energy

ATP and glucose

Which of the following organism(s) would undergo cellular respiration?

Algae

What do cohesion, surface tension, and adhesion have in common with reference to water?

All are properties related to hydrogen bonding due to the polarity of water

Which of the following is not part of the cell theory?

All cells need energy supplied by mitochondria

Catalase is an enzyme that will help breakdown hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Why can catalase NOT be used to break down lactose into glucose and galactose as well?

Catalase is only found in animals that produce hydrogen peroxide, so catalase would never come in contact with lactose.

The process by which glucose is converted to starch (monomer + monomer = polymer) is best known as:

Dehydration synthesis/anabolic reaction

Whenever biological organic compounds like proteins and carbohydrates are broken down or synthesized (created),

Energy is absorbed or released due to the bonds

Which statement best describes how carbon's ability to form four bonds makes it uniquely suited to form macromolecules?

It forms large, complex, diverse molecules

The rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus work together in eukaryotic cells. What is one way that the rough endoplasmic reticulum assists the Golgi apparatus?

It packages new protein molecules into vesicles.

What will happen to a cell that contains an 8% salt solution when it is placed in an environment that is 3.5% salt and 96.5% water?

It will gain water and grow

A student picked up a ball and threw it. Which of the following would show the flow of energy from its source?

Light energy from the sun → chemical energy in the food → chemical energy in the student → mechanical energy in the ball

Which statement best explains why cellular respiration in plants and other organisms is dependent on photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis provides the materials that fuel cellular respiration

what is about plant and animal cells is true?

Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts; animal cells do not have either of these structures

Which of the following is a function of lipids?

Provides/protection as insulation or energy storage

Which characteristics do all cells have in common?

Ribosomes, cell membrane, and cytoplasm

what most likely to diffuse through the plasma membrane

Small, polar molecule like water

A sodium-potassium pump within a cell membrane requires energy to move sodium and potassium ions into or out of a cell. The movement of glucose into or out of a cell does not require energy. Which statement best describes the movement of these materials across a cell membrane?

Sodium and potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by osmosis.

Microscopic pores on a leaf where gases for photosynthesis enter and exit.

Stomates

Which factors can change the function of an enzyme by changing its shape/denaturing it?

Temperature

The enzyme lactase catalyzes the breakdown of lactose (milk sugar) into glucose and galactose. Students set up a beaker with milk and lactase enzyme. Which describes how the concentrations of these substances will change?

The concentration of galactose will increase, and the concentration of lactase will remain the same

A scientist observed that during the course of a chemical reaction the number of ATP molecules was reduced. What did the scientist most likely learn from the observation?

The reaction required an input of energy

An organ system is a group of organs that

Work together to perform a specific function

A controlled experiment allows a scientist to isolate and test

a single variable

Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

ability to store hereditary information

This type of Fermentation happens in animal cells when the body cannot supply enough Oxygen to the tissues causing a burning sensation in muscles. This burning will eventually make the animal stop and recover.

alcoholic fermentation

Two proteins in the same cell perform different functions. This is because the two proteins are composed of

chains folded differently and a different sequence of amino acids

The development of specialized tissues and organs in a multicellular organism directly results from

differentiation

Using a microscope, a student observes a small, green organelle in a plant cell. Which energy transformation most likely occurs first within the observed organelle?

light energy to chemical energy

A few bacteria are placed in a nutrient solution. After several hours, thousands of bacteria are present. Which characteristics of life are primarily responsible for this?

need for energy and reproduction

Living organisms can be classified as prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Which two structures are common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

plasma membrane and cytoplasm

Facilitated diffusion uses which macromolecule to help molecules across the cell membrane

proteins