Bio Lab Quizzes Final

A high voltage rate will cause the DNA fragments to move slowly across the gel.

false

During which stage of meiosis does crossing-over occur?

Prophase I of meiosis I

What would you expect to happen if you compare the rate of photosynthesis in bright white light and in darkness?

The rate of photosynthesis will be greater in bright white light than in darkness.

Contrast, resolution, and magnification can be controlled by manipulating the actual microscope.

true

How does an enzyme work to catalyze a reaction?

It lowers the energy barrier needed for reactants to achieve the transition state or lowers the energy of activation of a reaction.

Among the different forms of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun, which form is abosrbed by plants for photosynthesis?

visible light

The reactants of photosynthesis are

water and carbon dioxide.

A portion of DNA that encodes a specific protein is called a(n) ________.

gene

At what time do you think the height of the liquid in tube B was 5mL?

4 minutes

Liz is interested in the relative sugar concentration of her favorite sodas. She mixes a standard amount of each soda with a standard amount of the reagent, heats the samples in boiling water for five minutes, and observes the color reactions. Place the soda brands in order of increasing sugar concentration (lowest to highest).

Brand D (Blue reaction color) Brand C (Green reaction color) Brand M (Yellow reaction color) Brand X (Red reaction color) Brand D (Brown reaction color)

The process of photosynthesis requires the raw materials

CO2 and H2O.

The stage of the cell cycle during which the cytoplasm divides to form two cells is called

Cytokinesis

In the Tonicity of Red Blood Cells activity, you mixed whole blood with solutions of different concentrations in order to

Determine the tonicity of each solution

How is the metric system different than the standard United States system?

The metric system is based on units of 10.

If you don't center the middle of the viewing field, what may happen when you change to a higher objective lens?

The specimen may no longer be in the field of view.

A student conducted an experiment where she ground up different antacids and mixed them with water and a drop of phenol red (a pH indicator), then added drops of HCl (acid). She observed how many drops of acid it took to change the color of the phenol red from red to yellow. Which of the variables below should be held constant during this experiment?

The volume of water mixed with the antacid.

A student setup an experiment where she added 4 different concentrations of salt solution to 4 test tubes containing red blood cells. She then observed a page of her lab notebook through the tubes to see if the contents of the tube were opaque (cloudy) or transparent (clear). She knew that intact red blood cells should appear opaque, while lysed (ruptured) red blood cells would appear clear. Her results can be seen in the table below.

Tubes B and C contain a solution that is hypotonic to the red blood cells.

In DNA replication, _______________________ pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with _______________________.

adenine, guanine

Plasma membranes are a feature of

all cells

Proteins are polymers composed of

amino acids

A bird's wing and the wing of an insect are examples of ____________________.

analogous structures

Which organisms have centrioles?

animals

Which of the following components is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

chloroplasts

Similarities in DNA and amino acid sequences of proteins between two different species may indicate __________________

common ancestry

What is the process of breaking down large fat globules into smaller fat globules?

emulsification

A defining characteristic that distinguishes prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms is the lack of a cell membrane in prokaryotes.

false

Beverages are allowed in the laboratory as long as the containers are covered.

false

Blood cells are protected from bursting in a hypotonic solution because of their rigid cell wall.

false

Heavier (larger) particles move faster than lighter (smaller) particles at the same temperature.

false

Offspring receive both the alleles for a given trait from one parent.

false

Paper towels should be discarded in a biohazard container after washing hands.

false

The formation of a green color after heating with Biuret reagent indicates that a sample contains reducing sugar.

false

Which antacid was the least effective in the experiment?

famotadine

Assuming that all of the following substances are permeable across a selectively permeable membrane, which of the following molecules would you predict to move fastest across the membrane?

hydrochloric acid (mw = 36)

The major way that meiosis II differs from mitosis is that

in meiosis II, the cells are haploid.

Check all that apply: Tonicity of a solution

is closely related to the temperature of the solution is related to the pH of the solution

Alumina/magnesium triscilicate was determined to be the most effective antacid because

it took more drops of acid than any other sample before the phenol red changed color

What should be used to clean the slide and lens after viewing under oil immersion?

lens paper

Catalase activity can be determined by

measuring the formation of oxygen gas.

Where would the DNA be located within a eukaryotic cell?

nucleus

Consider the biochemical pathway below, where A, B, and C are substrates and products and E1 and E2 are the enzymes that catalyze the reactions. Enzyme 1 (E1) can utilize

only A as substrate.

Diffusion of water through a differentially permeable membrane is called

osmosis

A student was measuring the height of plants grown with different types of fertilizer or with plain water. He took his measurements using inches, then realized that he needed to use metric units, so he converted his measurements from inches to centimeters. The plant that was watered with plain water grew 12.7 cm. Which plant was watered with plain water?

plant b

A student performed a follow-up experiment where female rats were fed either junk food or a healthy diet. Female rats typically weigh 150 to 200 grams less than male rats. If both of the rats shown below were fed healthy food, which rat is likely to be the female?

rat a

An allele for a particular trait that is only expressed when present in two copies is called a(n) _____.

recessive allele

In the weight exercise, the tare button was used to

reset the scale

Ability to distinguish fine detail of an image. Apparent increase in the image size. Ability to distinguish an object from the background.

resolution magnification contrast

In the pillbug experiment, the substance used as the control was

sand

The serum ELISA test is based on interaction between ________________

serum antigens and specific antibodies

What 2 tools were used to measure the humerus bone (i.e. an irregular object)?

set of triangles and a ruler

What was the purpose of the activity in which you measured the length of a humerus bone?

teach students how to measure an irregular object

_________ can change the active site of an enzyme and alter its function.

temperature and pH

All plant cells contain centrioles.

tfalse

As the amount of substrate is increased in an enzyme-substrate reaction,

the amount of product increases.

In a semi-solid, if the concentration of the solute is increased,

the rate of diffusion increases.

Mitosis and cytoplasmic division result in the formation of two genetically identical cells.

true

The cell is the basic structural/functional unit common to all living organisms.

true

Of the visible light spectrum, the rate of photosynthesis is worst under

yellow light.

What is causing the reduction of the levels in the tubes in the yeast fermentation experiment?

CO2 production

What would you predict would happen to the fermentation rate if you used yeast suspension that had not been swirled/mixed each time before it was dispensed into test tubes?

The reaction rate would be very low.

Plant cells often have a large membrane-bound sac that is used for storing water and other substances called a:

central vacuole.

According to your lab report, it is likely that famotidine is a more effective antacid in a living person than it is in a beaker. This is because

it functions by acting on the cells that produce acid, rather than binding with acid molecules that are already in the stomach

The forelimb of a whale and the wing of a bat are both used for locomotion, but in very different ways. However, when the bone structure of these limbs is examined, they are found to be very similar. This indicates that these two different species ___________________________.

likely share a common ancestor

Which of the following are the final by-products of glucose oxidation during aerobic cell respiration?

ATP, heat, carbon dioxide, and water

What happens when an animal cell is placed into a hypertonic solution?

crenation occurs

The fluid material located outside of the nucleus is the

cytoplasm

In an experiment, the variable that you will measure is the ____________ variable.

dependent

Under what environmental conditions do yeast carry out fermentation?

Absence of oxygen

The products of photosynthesis are

glucose and oxygen

The positive control for the Benedict's test is:

glucose solution

With respect to pH, in order for cells to continue to effectively do their jobs, it is important that

That the cell is able to maintain a neutral pH, around 7

All of the following are the end products of glycolysis except

NAD+.

A group of 3 nucleotides acts as a "code word" or template for making

1 amino acid.

A man and a woman have three children, all males. What is the probability that their next child will be a girl?

1/2

A student was interested in determining whether the detergent listed in the DNA extraction procedure was actually necessary. He set up two parallel DNA extractions. Tube A contained 3 mL of detergent. What should tube B contain instead?

3 mL of water.

A student was measuring the height of plants grown with different types of fertilizer or with plain water. He took his measurements using inches, then realized that he needed to use metric units, so he converted his measurements from inches to centimeters. Using the graph below, determine the approximate height of plant A in centimeters.

30 cm

Tube C contained non-germinating seeds. If the initial measurement for this tube was 82mm, what was the final measurement?

76mm

The pH of a solution is

A measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions it contains

What is the main role of the pigment molecules within the antenna or light-harvesting complex?

Absorb photons and transfer light energy to the reaction center chlorophyll.

Which of the following are functions of lipids?

Catalytic activity and storage of genetic information Catalytic activity Storage of energy Membrane structure

Which reagent is used to detect the presence of starch?

Iodine

Tonicity

Is the comparison of relative concentrations of two solutions, separated by a selectively permeable membrane

Why is it important to use the tare function when weighing an object placed in a beaker?

It allows you to weigh the object and disregard the beaker.

In the Water Diffusion Over a Membrane activity, you placed different liquids into special containers. The proper setup was to

Place different concentrations of corn syrup into the thistle tubes and distilled water into the beakers

On which plate did she likely put 3 crystals of potassium permanganate?

Plate B

During this stage of mitosis, the nuclear envelope begins to break down and the spindle begins to form.

Prophase

She observed that a drop of solution from the tube that she thought contained artificial cytoplasm plus HCl turned yellow. What is the most likely error that she made during this experiment?

She did not make an error; this is the result she would expect.

A student had been studying Mendel and his crosses using peas. The student wanted to test whether people preferred the flavor of green peas or yellow peas. She cooked peas of both colors and fed them to her classmates, then recorded whether each individual preferred the taste of the green peas or of the yellow peas. What would be an important variable for her to hold constant during this experiment?

The method she used for cooking and preparing the peas.

Cytochrome C is a protein that functions in cellular respiration as part of the electron transport chain. It is frequently used to determine evolutionary relationships between different organisms because it is highly conserved (only differs slightly) between different organisms. A student researching evolutionary relationships between different organisms performed an ELISA test to analyze differences between cytochrome C proteins in different organisms. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

The organism

A student set up an experiment to show that carbon dioxide is produced by Elodea plants during photosynthesis. She filled two test tubes with distilled water and placed a piece of Elodea in each of the tubes. She added a drop of phenol red, which turns red in a basic solution and yellow in an acidic solution. She blew in each tube to add carbon dioxide, which caused the distilled water to become more acidic so the phenol red turned yellow. She wrapped Tube A in aluminum foil and left Tube B exposed to the light. After 15 minutes, what should she expect to observe?

Tube A will be yellow and Tube B will be red.

In the pH and Cells activity, when acid was added to the water, the pH dropped drastically. This was because

Water has no buffering capacity

While mutation rates are not constant, DNA molecules may in theory act as a molecular "clock" because ________________

While mutation rates are not constant, DNA molecules may in theory act as a molecular "clock" because ________________

Which of the following biological samples can be viewed microscopically in a typical high school/college biology lab?

bacteria, human body cell, DNA molecule

The semi-fluid matrix that surrounds organelles in a cell is called the:

cytoplasm

Small lipid soluble molecules would move through the plasma membrane by

diffusion

When performing a serum ELISA procedure, the sample wells are first coated with _______________

known serum antigen(s)

The forelimbs of all vertebrates share __________________

similar structure and tissues

An increase in temperature will cause an increase in diffusion rate because

the frequency and force of molecular collisions increases.

Cytochrome C is a protein found in all species, and functions in energy metabolism. The more closely related two different species are, __________________

the more alike their cytochrome C amino acid sequences are

As molecular weight increases

the rate of diffusion decreases.

Polysaccharides are polymers composed of

sugars

Onion root tips are often used to study mitosis because they grow very rapidly, which means that many cells are dividing. The very tip of the onion root ends in a structure called the root cap. The other end of the root attaches to the onion. A scientist is interested in determining whether an onion root tip grows from the base of the root or from the tip near the root cap. She wants to determine the mitotic index for different distances from the root cap. The mitotic index can be calculated by dividing the number of cells in one of the phases of mitosis by the total number of cells observed. What is the mitotic index for the region that is 1mm from the root cap?

0.08

The rate of this reaction can be calculated as the amount of bubbles produced over time. The amount of bubbles produced by the catalase enzyme at each pH was determined at 20 seconds. What is the rate of the reaction at a pH of 7?

0.115 mL/sec

If a cell contains 12 chromosomes at the end of meiosis I, how many chromosomes will the daughter cells contain at the end of meiosis II?

12

Achondroplasia is a common form of dwarfism caused by autosomal dominant mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (Fgfr3) gene. If a person with achondroplasia (Aa) married and had children with a person of normal height, what is the probability that both their first child and second child would have achondroplasia?

1/4

Respirometers containing yeast and either a carbohydrate solution or distilled water were set up to monitor fermentation. Fermentation rate can be calculated by the change in respirometer bubble height over time. What is the rate of fermentation in Tube C between 10 and 15 minutes?

2 mm/min

What would be the most appropriate metric unit to use when measuring the weight of a pillbug?

grams

47.0 milligrams =

All of the answer choices are correct.

A brightfield microscope can be used to view

All of the answer choices are correct.

Based on a variety of experiments, it is known that the rate of photosynthesis is highest when wavelengths of light between 400 and 500 nm are used, and when wavelengths around 700 nm are used. What does this indicate about the relative importance of chlorophyll a and b in photosynthesis?

Absorption of light by chlorophyll a and b is essential for the process of photosynthesis.

Catalase enzyme breaks down hydrogen peroxide to form water and oxygen gas. This can be measured using the height of the bubbles formed during the reaction. If you assume that the bubbles that are formed never pop, what would you expect to observe in the following experiment?

All the tubes would eventually produce the same amount of bubbles because they contain the same amount of substrate.

Which of the following tests is used to detect the presence of lipids?

Brown paper test

In the Tonicity of Red Blood Cells activity, why were you unable to read the lab manual through the tubes containing hypertonic or isotonic solution?

Because the cells in those solutions remained intact, causing the solutions to be opaque.

A student set up an experiment to test the activity of the catalase enzyme. Catalase breaks hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, which produces bubbles. He measured the amount of bubbles produced after 2 minutes. His results can be seen in the graph below. Which of the tubes produced results that are consistent with the only contents of the tube being 1mL of water + 4 mL of hydrogen peroxide?

Both tubes B and C

In the pillbug experiment, once you have recorded the data in the notebook, you must

Calculate average values, then plot the values on a graph

In the study of genetics the offspring of the P generation is referred to as the

F1 generation.

The oxygen utilized in cellular respiration finally shows up as

H2O.

During which phase of the cell cycle is cell growth most significant?

G1 phase

A student set up respirometers to measure fermentation of two different carbohydrates by yeast. He measured the height of the bubble (in mm) in each respirometer every 5 minutes for 20 minutes. His data can be seen in the table below. Which of the errors listed below could have caused him to get this result?

He forgot to add the yeast.

A student set up an experiment using the catalase enzyme. Catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide to produce water and oxygen gas. The amount of oxygen gas produced can be measured by measuring the height of the bubbles produced after 2 minutes. The set up of the experiment can be seen in the table below. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Height of bubbles

A student is designing an experiment about cell size in organisms of different sizes. Her hypothesis is that larger organisms will have larger cells. She collects cheek cells from 5 different students in her class and estimates their size under the microscope. Her results can be seen below.

Height of human students.

In the Tonicity in Potato Strips activity, it was important that you

Let the potato soak in the solution for at least one hour

A student performed a DNA extraction on two samples: one with detergent and one without. His results can be seen in the graph below. Which of the following choices is the best conclusion that he could make from this data?

More DNA can be extracted with detergent than without.

Onion root tips are often used to study mitosis because they grow very rapidly, which means that many cells are dividing. The very tip of the onion root ends in a structure called the root cap. The other end of the root attaches to the onion. A scientist is interested in determining whether an onion root tip grows from the base of the root or from the tip near the root cap. She counts the number of cells that are in one of the phases of mitosis at different distances from the root cap. What is the dependent variable in her experiment?

Number of cells in one of the phases of mitosis.

Biuret Iodine Benedict's

Protein Starch Reducing sugar

A buffer can

Resist changes in pH by binding with hydrogen and hydroxyl ions

A student set up an experiment looking at the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane. She attached membranes that were permeable to water, but not to sucrose, to the broad end of one thistle tube. She thought that she filled the thistle tube with 10% sucrose and the beaker with distilled water. When she measured the height of water in the thistle tube, she saw the results shown in this graph.

She put 10% sucrose inside the thistle tube and 10% sucrose outside the tube (in the beaker).

Imagine that you wish to compare two different diets that will be fed to tadpoles raised in a lab. One diet is a meat-based fish food, and the other is the traditional diet of boiled lettuce. You want to see if the meat-based diet will be associated with an increase in the average weight of the tadpoles. In your experiment you keep all other factors, such as tadpole density per pan, temperature, pH, and the amount of food the same. The only difference between your control and experimental groups is the type of food the tadpoles receive.

Tadpoles will be larger if fed a meat-based diet.

In lab, imagine that you are given a section of the aquatic plant, Elodea, to observe. As part of your observation, you prepare a wet mount of Elodea, and add a 20% NaCl solution to your slide. What should you expect to see when you observe this slide through the microscope?

The cell will shrink, but the cell wall will be unchanged.

When buiret reagent is added to a solution containing protein, the solution turns purple. In the absence of protein, the solution is blue. Biuret reagent was added to solutions that may or may not contain protein. The data can be seen in the table below. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

The contents of the unknown solution.

A student set up an experiment to test the effect of catalase enzyme concentration. Catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide to produce water and oxygen gas. The amount of oxygen gas produced can be measured by measuring the height of the bubbles produced after 2 minutes. The results from the student's experiment can be seen in the graph below. Assume that the student accurately recorded the data he observed for the 3mL tube. What is the most likely reason that the student saw 0 mL of bubbles produced in the 3 mL tube?

The student forgot to add enzyme to the 3mL tube.

In the ELISA procedure, first a protein sample is immobilized to a plastic well. Then, the antibody to the protein of interest is added, incubated, and the excess is washed out. Next, the detection antibody (which binds to the primary antibody) is added, incubated, and the excess is washed out. The last step is to add the detection dye (which binds to the detection antibody) to the wells and allow it to incubate. What do you predict the result would look like if you forgot to add the detection antibody?

There would not be color present in any of the wells.

A student set up an experiment to show the effect of light color on photosynthesis in Elodea plants. She filled three test tubes with distilled water and placed a piece of Elodea in each of the tubes. She added a drop of phenol red, which turns red in a basic solution and yellow in an acidic solution. She blew in each tube to add carbon dioxide, which caused the distilled water to become more acidic so the phenol red turned yellow. She exposed Tube A to white light, Tube B to green light, and Tube C was wrapped in aluminum foil. Which of the tubes should she expect to turn red the fastest?

Tube A

In the weight exercise of the metric system lab, what object/materials did you practice weighing?

beaker and salt

Microorganisms, such as protozoa, algae, and bacteria, can best be viewed using a

brightfield microscope.

Which of the following is located outside of the cell membrane and provides structural support to plant and prokaryotic cells?

cell wall

It is not necessary to change pipet tips when you micropipet each new DNA sample.

false

Most chemicals used in the laboratory can be discarded in the sink after use.

false

You may eat a snack in lab as long as there are no bacterial cultures on your bench and you have thoroughly washed your hands.

false

The first stage of cellular respiration, called ___________, takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell and needs no oxygen.

glycolysis

The epidermal cells of an onion are found on the ______________________ of each layer.

inside

If, while examining a human karyotype, it is observed that there are 22 paired chromosomes and two chromosomes that are not the same size, this would most likely be due to

the karyotype belonging to a male.

Ethanol cannot be added to the test tube too quickly because it will break up the DNA precipitate.

true

In the DNA isolation process, cells are mixed with sodium chloride (i.e. NaCl) because the sodium (Na+) neutralizes the negative charge of DNA.

true

Long hair should always be tied back when in the laboratory.

true

Most cells are too small to be viewed with the unaided eye.

true

A particular species of plants can have yellow or green seeds. This trait is determined by one gene. The yellow-seeded plants might be homozygous or heterozygous. We could find out which by crossing these plants with _____.

true breeding green-seeded plants

A student conducted an experiment where she added HCl (a very strong acid) to 4 test tubes containing unknown solutions. She tested the pH of each of the solutions before and after the addition of the acid using pH paper. The color of the pH paper before and after adding acid to the unknown solutions can be seen in the table below. For reference: pH 2 = red; pH 4 = orange; pH 7 = yellow; pH 9 = green; pH 14 = purple.

tube c