Bio-Medical Study Guide: Unit 4 The Heart

Dystolic pressure

(Bottom number) Pressure exerted by the blood upon the walls of the blood vessels when the heart is relaxed

systolic pressure

(top number) Pressure exerted by the blood upon the walls of the blood vessels when the heart is pumping.

Order of chambers

1.right atrium 2.right ventricle 3.left atrium 4.left ventricle

What is average blood pressure?

120/80

What is the average heart rate for a person? *

73BPM

What makes the heart pump?

An electric current controlled by the nervous system

What is the difference between an artery and a vein, if any?

Artery takes blood away from the heart, veins bring it back

The effect of narrowed arteries on a person's blood flow and blood pressure would be

Decreased flow and increased pressure.

Why is it important to monitor the rate at which the heart beats?

Heart rate can indicate problems with heart function: rapid heart rate (tachycardia), irregular heart rate

When is the term pulmonary used?

In relation to the LUNGS

The wall of the ______________ is thicker because it has to pump blood to the whole body

Left Ventricle

Between which TWO chambers is the Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve located?

Left atrium and left ventricle

Which parts of the heart contain oxygenated blood?

Left ventricle and left atrium

Which is not a risk factor for heart disease?

Low sodium diet

A student uses a garden hose to serve as an analogy for blood moving through the vessels. How could the hose be altered to show an increase in blood pressure?

Partially cover the opening with a thumb

Blood pressure measures

Pressure on blood vessel walls

How do the heart and lungs work together to pick up and deliver oxygen to the cells?

Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood into the lungs and pulmonary veins carry the oxygenated blood back to the heart to be sent to the body. A capillary network in all of the body's tissues allows for the exchange of gases (O2 and CO 2 ).

What is the primary function of the heart?

Pump blood throughout the body

What does the QRS wave represent?

QRS = ventricular contraction

Which of the following connections is correct?

QRS = ventricular contraction

Through what chamber does blood from the BODY enter the heart?

Right Atrium

What part of the heart includes deoxygenated blood

Right atrium Right ventricle

The pacemaker of the heart is the____________________.

Sino-atrial node (SA NODE)

EKG

Test that measures the electrical activity of the heart.

What is the largest artery connected to the heart?

The Aorta

In the EKG below, the P wave is completely absent. What is NOT happening correctly in the heart?

The atria are not contracting

Superficial venous insufficiency also called varicose veins is a condition where valves in the veins become weak and blood pools in the veins. This can lead to other serious effects on the cardivascular system. Why do veins have valves but arteries do not?

The blood pressure is lower in veins than it is in arteries since its traveling to the heart

One's heartbeat causes a movement of blood throughout the body via blood vessels. This is due to which of the following?

The contraction of cardiac muscle cells

Heart Rate

The number of beats (contractions of the heart muscle) in one minute.

All arteries carry oxygenated blood except the......

The pulmonary artery

What is an Angiogram?

Used to view the body's blood vessels. Artery is punctured w/ a small hollow needle, advanced with a thin wire, and threaded with a catheter. Contrast dye injected and more x rays are taken (fluoroscopy).

An abnormal T Wave on an EKG could represent problems with:

Ventricular Repolarization

Familial Hypercholesterolemia

autosomal dominant trait

In what ways can technology be used to collect and analyze cardiovascular data?

blood pressure heart rate electricity within heart

What does blood pressure measure?

evaluates the force exerted against blood vessel walls.

What is the function of HDL? *

get rid of excess cholesterol

The length of an R-R in an EKG can determine...

heart rate

Which of the following associations is correct? *

high LDL: high risk of heart disease

What is hypertension?

high blood pressure

What does the Systolic # mean for blood pressure?

it's the upper # and represents ventricular contraction

What does the Diastolic # mean for blood pressure?

its the lower # and represents atrial wall pressure

Coronary artery bypass

open-heart surgery in which blood vessel, often leg vein, is grafted to route blood around occluded coronary artery

stent insertion

placement of a narrow tube into an artery that is clogged

What is the function of the valves?

prevents blood from flowing backwards

A person whose blood pressure is 135/90 and has a heart rate of 140 has probably just done which of the following?

ran 2 miles

The heart is divided into right and left sides by the __.

septum

What is used to measure blood pressure?

sphygmomanometer (measures systolic and diastolic pressure)

Angioplasty

surgical repair of a blood vessel (tube, wire, ballon)

What is blood pressure cause by?

the movement of blood through the vessels in your body, the veins, and arteries.

Margarita Camacho, MD, Surgical Director of Cardiac Transplant at Newark Beth Israel Medical Center spoke to us at the Liberty Science Center. When she transplants a new heart , how does the body not die?

they use a heart and lung bypass machine

ACE inhibitors do not....

thin blood

What is the function of LDL? *

transports cholesterol in the bloodstream

When the AV node and purkinje are stimulated, what will happen?

ventrical contract

What occurs during the systole?

ventricles contract