Bio Midterm #1

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covalent bond

A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule

nucleus

A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

Lysosomes

An organelle containing digestive enzymes

What protein fibers help form the framework of structural support for cells?

Cytoskeletal elements

Osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Although viruses are extremely small, they are too large to enter a cell by passive transport. Which process brings viruses into a host cell?

Endocytosis

active transport

Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference

How would amino acids and calcium ions from the bloodstream move across a plasma membrane?

Facilitated diffusion

ionic bond

Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Diffusion

Movement of small (hydrophobic) molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

facilitated diffusion

Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels from high to low, without energy

passive transport

Requires NO energy, Movement of molecules from high to low concentration, Moves with the concentration gradient

What is diffusion?

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

hydrogen bonding

Weak attraction between molecules Slightly negative oxygen attracted to slightly positive hydrogen

protein

amino acids

g

c

Starch

complex carbohydrate from plants

lipids

fatty acids

What term describes the interior of a phospholipid bilayer?

hydrophobic

do hydrophobic substances or hydrophobic substances move more easily through the plasma membrane?

hydrophobic substances

minerals

inorganic compounds needed in relatively small amounts for regulation, growth, and maintenance of body tissues and functions

smooth er

involved in lipid synthesis

rough er

membrane network with ribosomes attached for protein synthesis

Which organelle performs cellular respiration?

mitochondria

Golgi apparatus

modifies sorts and packages proteins

Centrioles

move chromosomes during cell division

Which macromolecule has a sugar-phosphate backbone?

nucleic acids

In which eukaryotic cell structure are ribosomes made?

nucleolus

Which monomer units combine to form nucleic acids?

nucleotides

vitamins

organic substances derived from plants or animals, which are necessary for normal growth and development

Which chemical condition describes the electrons in a water molecule being shared unequally between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms?

polar

Nucleolus

produces ribosomes

Which organelle is a network of membranes involved in the production of proteins?

rough er

Glycogen

storage form of glucose in animals

Carbohydrates

sugar subunits, polysaccharides

a

t

Assume that a plant is suffering from drought and is beginning to wilt. Which cell component is most likely being affected, and what type of molecule is being lost from this structure?

vacuole; water


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