Bio Midterm #1
covalent bond
A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
nucleus
A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
Lysosomes
An organelle containing digestive enzymes
What protein fibers help form the framework of structural support for cells?
Cytoskeletal elements
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Although viruses are extremely small, they are too large to enter a cell by passive transport. Which process brings viruses into a host cell?
Endocytosis
active transport
Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference
How would amino acids and calcium ions from the bloodstream move across a plasma membrane?
Facilitated diffusion
ionic bond
Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
Diffusion
Movement of small (hydrophobic) molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
facilitated diffusion
Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels from high to low, without energy
passive transport
Requires NO energy, Movement of molecules from high to low concentration, Moves with the concentration gradient
What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
hydrogen bonding
Weak attraction between molecules Slightly negative oxygen attracted to slightly positive hydrogen
protein
amino acids
g
c
Starch
complex carbohydrate from plants
lipids
fatty acids
What term describes the interior of a phospholipid bilayer?
hydrophobic
do hydrophobic substances or hydrophobic substances move more easily through the plasma membrane?
hydrophobic substances
minerals
inorganic compounds needed in relatively small amounts for regulation, growth, and maintenance of body tissues and functions
smooth er
involved in lipid synthesis
rough er
membrane network with ribosomes attached for protein synthesis
Which organelle performs cellular respiration?
mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
modifies sorts and packages proteins
Centrioles
move chromosomes during cell division
Which macromolecule has a sugar-phosphate backbone?
nucleic acids
In which eukaryotic cell structure are ribosomes made?
nucleolus
Which monomer units combine to form nucleic acids?
nucleotides
vitamins
organic substances derived from plants or animals, which are necessary for normal growth and development
Which chemical condition describes the electrons in a water molecule being shared unequally between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms?
polar
Nucleolus
produces ribosomes
Which organelle is a network of membranes involved in the production of proteins?
rough er
Glycogen
storage form of glucose in animals
Carbohydrates
sugar subunits, polysaccharides
a
t
Assume that a plant is suffering from drought and is beginning to wilt. Which cell component is most likely being affected, and what type of molecule is being lost from this structure?
vacuole; water