BIO

A buffer consists of undissociated acid (HA) and the ion made by dissociating the acid (A-). How does this system buffer a solution against decreases in pH?

A- reacts with H+ to become HA.

Identify the articulation site for the femur.

Acetabulum ( the socket for the femur. It is formed by a fusion of all 3 regions that make up the hip bone.)

The palpable hip bone projections in the front of the body felt when you put your hands on your hips are the posterior inferior iliac spines.

False (The anterior superior iliac spines can be palpable with hands on the hips.)

Increasing the pressure above the beaker is analogous to _______.

an increase in blood pressure

Which region of the skeleton contains the humerus?

appendicular

You pick up a vertebra to identify it and note that the transverse processes contain foramina. This unique feature identifies the vertebra as coming from the ________ region of the vertebral column.

cervical

Which solute did NOT appear in the filtrate using the 200 MWCO membrane?

charcoal

Which of the following would decrease the rate of facilitated diffusion?

decreasing the number of carrier proteins

When the solutes are evenly distributed throughout a solution, we say the solution has reached _______.

equilibrium

Which of the following requires a membrane-bound carrier for transport?

facilitated diffusion

The hip bone is part of the axial skeleton.

false; the axial skeleton consists of the skull, the vertebral column, and the rib cage

The strongest, heaviest bone of the body is in the thigh. It is the __________.

femur

Identify the indentation that is inferiorolateral to the auricular surface.

greater sciatic notch

Identify the landmark found on the proximal end of the humerus.

greater tubercule

To make a buffer, you need to ...

have a weak acid or a weak base half ionized in water.

What part of the humerus articulates with the scapula to form the shoulder joint?

head

Water has surface tension because ...

hydrogen bonds between surface water molecules resist being stretched.

This bone does not articulate with any other bone in the body. Muscles of the neck and tongue attach to it.

hyoid

The ridge like superior edge of the ilium is known as the _____

iliac crest

Which of the following is the largest region of the hip bone?

ilium

Which of the following does NOT describe the plasma membrane?

impermeable

Which of the following would increase the rate of facilitated diffusion?

increasing the steepness of the concentration gradient

Which landmark of the hip bone can be felt on a hard chair?

ischial tuberosity

Though you add heat, the temperature of boiling water remains constant because ...

it takes energy to break hydrogen bonds.

These small paired bones of the orbit contain a passageway through which tears pass.

lacrimal

Which of the following landmarks is found on the distal end of the humerus?

lateral epicondyle

The ________ is the only facial bone with a sinus

maxilla

Identify the best description for the location of the head of the femur.

medial and proximal

The hand consists of three groups of bones. The carpals make up the wrist. The __________ make up the palm, and the phalanges make up the fingers.

metacarpals

Part complete Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion both _______.

move solutes with their concentration gradient

The condition known as a "fractured hip" is most often a break in the femur. Where is the femur particularly susceptible to a fracture?

neck

In this activity, the solutes were transported through the dialysis membrane by _______.

simple diffusion

Which of the following solutes would move the fastest?

sodium chloride

The open spaces in water's crystal structure make it possible for ...

(a) aquatic life to exist at the North Pole.

Which statement is true of water's tensile strength? (a) It results from hydrogen bonding.(b) It helps to pull water through plants.(c) It involves both cohesion and adhesion.Both (a) and (b).(a), (b), and (c).

(a), (b), and (c)

Which statement is true of pH buffers?

(c) They consist of weak acids and weak bases.

Which of the following helps most to explain why water has a high specific heat?

A water molecule can make 4 Hydrogen bonds

Each foot has a total of __________ bones.

26 7 tarsals 5 metatarsals 14 phalanges

The adult hip bone consists of _____ regions.

3 (In childhood, the hip bone consists of 3 separate bones. The bones fuse together to become the adult hip bone.)

Through which membrane(s) would sodium chloride diffuse?

50 MWCO, 100 MWCO, and 200 MWCO

Which answer helps to explain why all living cells need pH buffers?

Amino acid side chains have many carboxyl and amino groups.

Which region of the hip bone articulates with the sacrum?

Auricular surface of the ilium

Water is a source of ______________ for chemical reactions in cells. (a) hydrogen atoms(b) oxygen atoms(c) energyBoth (a) and (b)(a), (b), and (c).

Both (a) and (b)

Which factor is important in making it possible to cool yourself by sweating? Think carefully! (a) Molecules collide with varied angles and speeds.(b) Hydrogen bonds are relatively weak.(c) Water has more energy at the body surface.Both (a) and (b).(a), (b), and (c).

Both (a) and (b)

Which statement helps to explain why ice is less dense than liquid water? (a) Water molecules make hydrogen bonds at definite angles.(b) Cold molecules move less than warm molecules.(c) Hydrogen bonds lengthen in the cold.All of the above.Both (a) and (b).

Both (a) and (b)

Which of the following is required for filtration?

Both a membrane and a hydrostatic pressure gradient are required

Which of the following resulted in an increase in the filtration rate?

Both increasing the pore size and increasing the pressure above the beaker are correct.

Identify the region of the femur that forms part of the hip joint.

Head

Which of the following was NOT observed during this activity?

Increasing the rate of filtration increased the concentration of solutes in the filtrate.

An example of filtration occurs in the kidney and:

Ions and glucose filter from the capillary into the kidney tubule.

How does the way a buffer stabilizes pH during addition of acid differ from the way the same buffer stabilizes pH during addition of base?

It's the same reaction running backward or forward.

Identify the landmark found on the diaphysis of the femur.

Linea aspera

Identify the depression found on the posterior surface of the distal humerus.

Olecranon fossa

Which statement must be mentioned in explaining why amphipathic molecules line up at a water surface?

Polar groups attract one another.

Why doesn't oil mix with water?

Polar molecules attract one another.

What happens to facilitated diffusion when the protein carriers become saturated?

The maximum rate of transport will occur.

The presence or absence of a solute in the filtrate depends on _______.

The molecular weight and size of the solute as well as the MWCO and pore size of the membrane.

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is FALSE?

The movement of a given solute usually occurs in both directions (into and out of the cell).

Why might the xiphoid process be missing from the sternum in a set of human remains?

The remains are from an adult younger than 40 years of age, and the hyaline cartilage does not preserve as well as bone

Which of the following is NOT a reason why a solute would require facilitated diffusion?

The solute directly requires ATP for its transport.

What happened when sodium chloride was added as a solute in the left beaker?

There was no change in the transport rate of glucose.

Which of the following statements about carrier proteins is FALSE?

They assist in simple diffusion

Identify the landmark that is unique to the femur.

Trochanter

Identify the region of the humerus that articulates with the ulna, located between the medial epicondyle and capitulum.

Trochlea

The fingers of the hand and the toes of the foot—with the exception of the great toe and the thumb—each have three phalanges.

True

The projection at the inferior end of the greater sciatic notch is the ischial spine.

True

Dissolving is best described as ..

a mingling of molecules and/or ions.

Buffers work best when ...

about half of the buffer molecules are dissociated.

Identify the large hole found in this bone.

obturator foramen

Which landmark is found on the anterior surface of the femur?

patellar surface

The __________ girdle attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton.

pectoral

Which bony landmarks can be palpated on the anterior surface of the body, close to the midline?

pubic tubercules

What region of the vertebral column does the hip bone articulate with?

sacral region

The midline suture marking the articulation of the two parietal bones is called the ________ suture.

sagittal

For solutes that move by simple diffusion, which of the following does NOT affect the rate of simple diffusion across a membrane? Check all that apply. the size of the solutethe membrane pore sizethe potential energy of the solutethe concentration of the solute

the membrane pore size, the potential energy of the solute

This primary curvature of the spine is located in the chest region.

thoracic

Which of the following is NOT a passive process?

vesicular transport