Bio Quiz 2

35

Avg salinity of the ocean water is ____ parts per thousand

Lithosphere

Earth's crust, rocks and minerals

Thermal Layers

(From top to bottom) the Exosphere, Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere and Troposphere make up the

True

A prime characteristic of Tropical wet (Af) climates in the low average annual temperature RANGE.

Tropical Wet

A small island on the Equator would most likely be classified as a

El Nino

A warmer current that typically appears around Christmas time. It comes every three to seven years by changes in atmospheric and ocean conditions over the Pacific Ocean.

Climate

Aggregate of day-to-day weather conditions over a long period of time. Averages, variations and extremes are all part of climate

Interconnected Systems

All Earth's systems are interconnected; inputs and outputs move from one system to another

B

All letter groups but ____ group are based on temperature

Biosphere

All parts of Earth where living organisms can exist, Also includes the life forms themselves

Controls of temp

Altitude, latitude, land-water contrasts, ocean currents

Temperature

Average kinetic energy of molecules

Tital range

Change in elevation between flood tide maximum (high tide) and ebb tide minimum

Permanent and variable gases, natural and human sources

Composition of atmosphere is made up of

Trade Winds

Dominant easterlies of Hadley cells

Group B

Dry Climates

23.5

Earth's axis of rotation is tilted _______ degrees, relative to the plane of the ecliptic.

Open System

Energy & Matter exchanged across system boundary, "Nearly" every system on Earth

Radiant Energy

Energy of electromagnetic waves

Gravitational Potential Energy

Energy possessed because of its gravitational position

Kinetic Energy

Energy possessed due to movement

Chemical Energy

Energy stored in bonds of chemical compounds

Heat

Energy that transfers from one object or substance to another because of a difference in temperature

Power

Energy transferred per unit of time

Laws of Thermodynamics

First Law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system. Second Law: The entropy of any isolated system always increases. Third law: The entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero.

Great Circles

Formed by the Equator and Prime Meridian

Atmosphere

Gaseous envelope that surrounds Earth

Rocks, soil

Good radiators/good absorbers

Precipitation

Group B is based on

Shorter

Hotter objects emit _______ wavelengths than cooler objects

More

Hotter objects radiate _____ energy than cooler objects

Because it maintains a stable climate on the planet.

How does the carbon cycle act as a "thermostat" for Earth?

4

How many parts of the world ocean are there?

4.56 Billion years

How old is the Earth?

Intertropical Convergence Zone

ITCZ stands for

Down

If pressure gradient were the only factor, wind would blow _______ the pressure gradient away from high pressure towards low pressure.

The Great Lakes (Buffalo, NY)

In terms of general location of a climate, in what place would one expect to find a humid continental (Dfa, Dfb) climate in the USA?

True

In the Highland or H climates, latitude is a less important factor than altitude and exposure to solar radiation as a climate control.

Rain scrubs it from the atmosphere, creating weak carbonic acid

In the geological (slow) carbon cycle described in chapter 1 of the online text, which of the following is the mechanism for removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere?

Human source particulates

Industrial & automotive emissions, smoke & soot are all examples of

Controls of weather and climate

Latitude, distribution of land and water, general circulation of the atmosphere, general circulation of the oceans, altitude, topographic barriers, storms

Latitude

Lines of _______ measure angular distance north or south from the equator, measured in degrees, minutes and seconds, (or sometimes decimal degrees).

Hydroscopic (absorb water)

Many particulates are

The position of subtropical high pressure

Mediterranean climates experience dry summers because of

Phytoplankton

Microorganisms that typically measure one-twentieth of a millimeter across at their largest point and only live for one to five days

Westerlies

Midlatitude winds between 30 to 60 degrees blowing from the west

Group C

Mild Midlatitude Climates

Permanent gases

Nitrogen, oxygen and inert argon are

Convergence

Occurs when air masses run together, pushing air upward, as happens often in the tropics and in warm summer conditions in midlatitudes, generating thunderstorms

Good

Ozone in the stratosphere is ________

Bad

Ozone in the troposphere is ________

Aerosols

Particulates are also known as ________

Secondary pollutants

Photosynthetic smog

Higher average temperatures

Places that are closer to oceans tend to have ___________ in the winter than places that are further away from oceans but at the same altitude and latitude.

Group E & H

Polar & Highland Climates

Snow, ice

Poor radiators/bad absorbers

False

Precipitation is usually plentiful in the cold climates of Earth.

Latitude

Primary control of temperature

Albedo

Reflectivity of an object or surface, expressed as a percentage

Stratosphere, troposphere

Regarding ozone in the atmosphere, ozone in the _________, protects us from various forms of UV radiation, whereas ozone in the _________ is a pollutant.

Carbon Cycle

Regulates Earth's climate and keeps surface temperatures within habitable range

Primary pollutants

Released directly to the atmosphere, particulates, sulfuric compounds, nitrogen compounds, carbon oxides

Polar Front

Rising Air, Low Pressure, Cloudy & Stormy Weather, More Prominent in Winter

Photosynthesis

Seasonal variations in the global atmospheric concentration of CO2 are caused by

Closed System

Self-contained and isolated, Earth

Group D

Severe Midlatitude Climates

Weather

Short-run atmospheric conditions that exist for a specific time in a specific area

True

Some E climates give rise to tundra vegetation

Subtropical Highs

Source of air for trade winds and westerlies

Highest, lowest

Spring tide is the _______ range tide, and neap tide is the ________ range tide

Monsoon

Storms that occurs when land and water heat up at sharply different rates

Elements of weather and climate

Temperature, pressure, wind, moisture content

Uplift in the air

The B (dry) climates are dry most usually because of lack of

Subtropical Highs

The BWh (tropical desert) climate is "caused" by the

Neither; The Coriolis Effect does not impact the speed of objects.

The Coriolis Effect causes objects in motion to _____________

Right

The Coriolis Effect causes objects in motion to deflect to the ________ in the Northern Hemisphere.

More

The Coriolis Effect causes objects that are moving fast to be deflected _______ than objects that are moving slowly.

False

The Mediterranean climate (Cs) occurs in the eastern portions of the continents

Energy

The ability to do work

Longitude

The angular distance of a point on Earth's surface, measured in degrees, minutes and seconds east or west from the prime meridian

Latitude

The angular distance of a point on Earth's surface, measured in degrees, minutes and seconds north or south from the equator

Canada

The area most closely associated with D climates is

Atmospheric Pressure

The force exerted by the weight of the gas molecules in air on a unit area on Earth's surface (or any other surface).

Middle latitude

The greatest day-to-day and seasonal contrasts of climate are found in the

False

The highest rainfall totals in the world are found in the Dfc (Subarctic) type of climate

F

The lowercase letter symbolizing "moist, with no dry season" in the Koppen classification system is

Group A

Tropical Humid Climates

False

Tropical wet (Af) climates are the hottest on Earth.

True

True or False: The ozone hole is shrinking due in large part to the Montreal Protocol and associated regulations.

Natural particulates

Volcanic ash, windblown soils, pollen, meteor debris, smoke, salt spray are all examples of

Hydrosphere

Water in all its forms, Includes cryosphere

Hydrologic cycle

Water in residence: Hydrogen chemically bound into plant & animal tissue, Water in transit: part of the transpiration-respiration stream

Variable gases

Water vapor carbon dioxide and the ozone are

Most abundant

Water vapor is ________ over warm moist surface areas

Equilibrium

When inputs and outputs are in balance over time, the conditions within a system remain the same

Equator

Where is the descriptive line of latitude 0

Oxygen

Which is NOT a greenhouse gas?

Marine West Coast

Which of the following climate types is found at the highest latitudes?

Mediterranean

Which of the following climates does not have a summer wetter than its winter?

Weathering

Which part of the geological (slow) carbon cycle typically accelerates in response to warmer temperatures?

High pressure, low pressure

Wind travels from areas of _________, to areas of ________.

Force acting over a distance

Work

Right

______ deflection in Northern hemisphere

Left

_______ deflection in Southern hemipshere

Land, Water

_______ heats up faster and to a higher temperature than ______

High, Low

____________ pressure is generally associated with falling air, whereas _______ pressure is generally associated with rising air.