Bio Quiz 2
35
Avg salinity of the ocean water is ____ parts per thousand
Lithosphere
Earth's crust, rocks and minerals
Thermal Layers
(From top to bottom) the Exosphere, Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere and Troposphere make up the
True
A prime characteristic of Tropical wet (Af) climates in the low average annual temperature RANGE.
Tropical Wet
A small island on the Equator would most likely be classified as a
El Nino
A warmer current that typically appears around Christmas time. It comes every three to seven years by changes in atmospheric and ocean conditions over the Pacific Ocean.
Climate
Aggregate of day-to-day weather conditions over a long period of time. Averages, variations and extremes are all part of climate
Interconnected Systems
All Earth's systems are interconnected; inputs and outputs move from one system to another
B
All letter groups but ____ group are based on temperature
Biosphere
All parts of Earth where living organisms can exist, Also includes the life forms themselves
Controls of temp
Altitude, latitude, land-water contrasts, ocean currents
Temperature
Average kinetic energy of molecules
Tital range
Change in elevation between flood tide maximum (high tide) and ebb tide minimum
Permanent and variable gases, natural and human sources
Composition of atmosphere is made up of
Trade Winds
Dominant easterlies of Hadley cells
Group B
Dry Climates
23.5
Earth's axis of rotation is tilted _______ degrees, relative to the plane of the ecliptic.
Open System
Energy & Matter exchanged across system boundary, "Nearly" every system on Earth
Radiant Energy
Energy of electromagnetic waves
Gravitational Potential Energy
Energy possessed because of its gravitational position
Kinetic Energy
Energy possessed due to movement
Chemical Energy
Energy stored in bonds of chemical compounds
Heat
Energy that transfers from one object or substance to another because of a difference in temperature
Power
Energy transferred per unit of time
Laws of Thermodynamics
First Law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system. Second Law: The entropy of any isolated system always increases. Third law: The entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero.
Great Circles
Formed by the Equator and Prime Meridian
Atmosphere
Gaseous envelope that surrounds Earth
Rocks, soil
Good radiators/good absorbers
Precipitation
Group B is based on
Shorter
Hotter objects emit _______ wavelengths than cooler objects
More
Hotter objects radiate _____ energy than cooler objects
Because it maintains a stable climate on the planet.
How does the carbon cycle act as a "thermostat" for Earth?
4
How many parts of the world ocean are there?
4.56 Billion years
How old is the Earth?
Intertropical Convergence Zone
ITCZ stands for
Down
If pressure gradient were the only factor, wind would blow _______ the pressure gradient away from high pressure towards low pressure.
The Great Lakes (Buffalo, NY)
In terms of general location of a climate, in what place would one expect to find a humid continental (Dfa, Dfb) climate in the USA?
True
In the Highland or H climates, latitude is a less important factor than altitude and exposure to solar radiation as a climate control.
Rain scrubs it from the atmosphere, creating weak carbonic acid
In the geological (slow) carbon cycle described in chapter 1 of the online text, which of the following is the mechanism for removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere?
Human source particulates
Industrial & automotive emissions, smoke & soot are all examples of
Controls of weather and climate
Latitude, distribution of land and water, general circulation of the atmosphere, general circulation of the oceans, altitude, topographic barriers, storms
Latitude
Lines of _______ measure angular distance north or south from the equator, measured in degrees, minutes and seconds, (or sometimes decimal degrees).
Hydroscopic (absorb water)
Many particulates are
The position of subtropical high pressure
Mediterranean climates experience dry summers because of
Phytoplankton
Microorganisms that typically measure one-twentieth of a millimeter across at their largest point and only live for one to five days
Westerlies
Midlatitude winds between 30 to 60 degrees blowing from the west
Group C
Mild Midlatitude Climates
Permanent gases
Nitrogen, oxygen and inert argon are
Convergence
Occurs when air masses run together, pushing air upward, as happens often in the tropics and in warm summer conditions in midlatitudes, generating thunderstorms
Good
Ozone in the stratosphere is ________
Bad
Ozone in the troposphere is ________
Aerosols
Particulates are also known as ________
Secondary pollutants
Photosynthetic smog
Higher average temperatures
Places that are closer to oceans tend to have ___________ in the winter than places that are further away from oceans but at the same altitude and latitude.
Group E & H
Polar & Highland Climates
Snow, ice
Poor radiators/bad absorbers
False
Precipitation is usually plentiful in the cold climates of Earth.
Latitude
Primary control of temperature
Albedo
Reflectivity of an object or surface, expressed as a percentage
Stratosphere, troposphere
Regarding ozone in the atmosphere, ozone in the _________, protects us from various forms of UV radiation, whereas ozone in the _________ is a pollutant.
Carbon Cycle
Regulates Earth's climate and keeps surface temperatures within habitable range
Primary pollutants
Released directly to the atmosphere, particulates, sulfuric compounds, nitrogen compounds, carbon oxides
Polar Front
Rising Air, Low Pressure, Cloudy & Stormy Weather, More Prominent in Winter
Photosynthesis
Seasonal variations in the global atmospheric concentration of CO2 are caused by
Closed System
Self-contained and isolated, Earth
Group D
Severe Midlatitude Climates
Weather
Short-run atmospheric conditions that exist for a specific time in a specific area
True
Some E climates give rise to tundra vegetation
Subtropical Highs
Source of air for trade winds and westerlies
Highest, lowest
Spring tide is the _______ range tide, and neap tide is the ________ range tide
Monsoon
Storms that occurs when land and water heat up at sharply different rates
Elements of weather and climate
Temperature, pressure, wind, moisture content
Uplift in the air
The B (dry) climates are dry most usually because of lack of
Subtropical Highs
The BWh (tropical desert) climate is "caused" by the
Neither; The Coriolis Effect does not impact the speed of objects.
The Coriolis Effect causes objects in motion to _____________
Right
The Coriolis Effect causes objects in motion to deflect to the ________ in the Northern Hemisphere.
More
The Coriolis Effect causes objects that are moving fast to be deflected _______ than objects that are moving slowly.
False
The Mediterranean climate (Cs) occurs in the eastern portions of the continents
Energy
The ability to do work
Longitude
The angular distance of a point on Earth's surface, measured in degrees, minutes and seconds east or west from the prime meridian
Latitude
The angular distance of a point on Earth's surface, measured in degrees, minutes and seconds north or south from the equator
Canada
The area most closely associated with D climates is
Atmospheric Pressure
The force exerted by the weight of the gas molecules in air on a unit area on Earth's surface (or any other surface).
Middle latitude
The greatest day-to-day and seasonal contrasts of climate are found in the
False
The highest rainfall totals in the world are found in the Dfc (Subarctic) type of climate
F
The lowercase letter symbolizing "moist, with no dry season" in the Koppen classification system is
Group A
Tropical Humid Climates
False
Tropical wet (Af) climates are the hottest on Earth.
True
True or False: The ozone hole is shrinking due in large part to the Montreal Protocol and associated regulations.
Natural particulates
Volcanic ash, windblown soils, pollen, meteor debris, smoke, salt spray are all examples of
Hydrosphere
Water in all its forms, Includes cryosphere
Hydrologic cycle
Water in residence: Hydrogen chemically bound into plant & animal tissue, Water in transit: part of the transpiration-respiration stream
Variable gases
Water vapor carbon dioxide and the ozone are
Most abundant
Water vapor is ________ over warm moist surface areas
Equilibrium
When inputs and outputs are in balance over time, the conditions within a system remain the same
Equator
Where is the descriptive line of latitude 0
Oxygen
Which is NOT a greenhouse gas?
Marine West Coast
Which of the following climate types is found at the highest latitudes?
Mediterranean
Which of the following climates does not have a summer wetter than its winter?
Weathering
Which part of the geological (slow) carbon cycle typically accelerates in response to warmer temperatures?
High pressure, low pressure
Wind travels from areas of _________, to areas of ________.
Force acting over a distance
Work
Right
______ deflection in Northern hemisphere
Left
_______ deflection in Southern hemipshere
Land, Water
_______ heats up faster and to a higher temperature than ______
High, Low
____________ pressure is generally associated with falling air, whereas _______ pressure is generally associated with rising air.
