Bio Review 3

37) Meiotic cell division occurs in the ____, and results in the production of ____ A) Body cells; daughter cells B) Body cells; parent cells C) Germ-line; gametes D) Testes and ovaries; diploid cells E) Somatic cells; haploid cells

C) Germ-line; gametes

25) The cells that line our respiratory tract, and covering one-celled paramecia both have these hair-like projections.. A) Cilia B) Flagella C) Microfilaments D) Centrioles E) Pili

A) Cilia

36) When a cell divides via mitosis: A) Each daughter cell receives a nearly perfect copy of the parent cell's genetic information B) Each daughter cell receives exactly half the genetic information in the parent cell C) Each daughter cell receives the same amount of genetic information that was in the parent cell, but it has been significantly altered D) The genetic information is randomly parceled out to the daughter cells E) Each daughter cell contains unique genetic information

A) Each daughter cell receives a nearly perfect copy of the parent cell's genetic information

11) Milk of magnesia, which had a pH of 10, is often used to treat a stomach upset. Milk of magnesia ___? A) Is a base B) Is hydrophobic C) Is a salt D) Is an acid E) Has the same pH as stomach acid

A) Is a base

26) Which form of energy is NOT correctly associated with an example? A) Kinetic energy: fat molecules B) Kinetic energy: movement of molecules C) Chemical energy: glucose D) Potential energy: water behind a dam E) Potential energy: ATP

A) Kinetic energy: fat molecules

34) In a DNA molecule, base pairing occurs between: A) Adenine and thymine B) Adenine and guanine C) Guanine and uracil D) Thymine and cytosine E) Adenine and uracil

A) Adenine and thymine

47) A broad definition of a fossil is: A) Any preserved trace or remnant of an organism from the past, usually at least 10,000 years old B) The preserved pieces of hard parts of an organism, such as shell or bone C) The preserved bones of vertebrates D) A piece of an organism that has turned into a rock E) The process of preservation of intact animal bodies

A) Any preserved trace or remnant of an organism from the past, usually at least 10,000 years old

28) Lactose is a disaccharide of glucose and galactose, and its digestion requires the actions of the enzyme lactase to break lactose into monosaccharides. If lactose is eaten as part of the diet but is not digested by lactase, this sugar is then metabolized by bacteria in the intestine, leading to the symptoms of lactose intolerance. Lactose intolerance, therefore, results from a(n): A) Lack of hydrolysis of lactose B) Lack of dehydration synthesis of lactose C) Low blood lactose level D) Inability of the body to produce lactose E) Lack of glucose in the diet

A) Lack of hydrolysis of lactose

35) During which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle does DNA and chromosome replication occur? A) The S phase of interphase B) The G1 phase of interphase C) The mitotic phase D) Cytokinesis E) The G2 phase of interphase

A) The S phase of interphase

5) Which of the following are universal characteristics of life? A) The ability to grow and the ability to reproduce using DNA B) The ability to reproduce using DNA and the ability to capture energy from the sun C) The ability to move and the ability to see and smell D) The ability to grow and the ability to photosynthesize E) The ability to organize and the ability to become dormant

A) The ability to grow and the ability to reproduce using DNA

10) Water can absorb and store a large amount of heat while increasing only a few degrees in temperature. Why? A) The heat must first be used to break the hydrogen bonds rather than raise the temperature. B) The heat must first be used to break the ionic bonds rather than raise the temperature C) The heat must first be used to break the covalent bonds rather than raise the temperature D) An increase in temperature causes an increase in the adhesion of water E) An increase in temperature causes an increase in the cohesion of water

A) The heat must first be used to break the hydrogen bonds rather than raise the temperature.

20) Which statement is NOT true about bacteria? A) Their cell wall is composed of the same material as plant cell walls B) Some can move because they have flagella C) Some can photosynthesize D) They are all prokaryotes E) Their cell wall contains peptidoglycan

A) Their cell wall is composed of the same material as plant cell walls

8) An atom has 5 electrons in its outer orbit. To complete its outer orbit it needs __ electrons. A) 5 B) 3 C) 2 D) 1 E) 8

B) 3

2) What best describes a control group in an experiment? A) The condition that is being tested B) A sample taken through all experimental steps except the one being tested C) A variable that changes throughout the experiment D) The dependent variable E) A condition that is different in every way from what is being tested

B) A sample taken through all experimental steps except the one being tested

29) Which molecule attaches to pyruvate after glycolysis and before Krebs cycle? A) Lactate B) Acetyl-CoA C) Citric acid D) NADH E) Oxygen

B) Acetyl-CoA

1) Science is; A) A field of study that requires certain "laws of nature" to be taken on faith B) Both a body of knowledge and an intellectual activity encompassing observation, description, experimentation, and explanation of natural phenomena C) A process that can be applied only within the scientific disciplines, such as biology, chemistry, and physics D) The only way to understand the world E) A field of study that determines ethical standards for the human Population

B) Both a body of knowledge and an intellectual activity encompassing observation, description, experimentation, and explanation of natural phenomena

42) Choose the correct pathway of information flow in the cell. A) RNA → DNA → protein B) DNA → RNA → protein C) ER → DNA → RNA → protein D) ER → DNA → Golgi → protein E) Ribosomal RNA → DNA → protein

B) DNA → RNA → protein

38) In the comparison of a DNA molecule to a twisted ladder, the upright sides of the ladder are: A) Nitrogenous bases linked together. B) Deoxyribose linked to phosphate. C) Deoxyribose linked to sulfate. D) Nitrogenous bases linked to phosphate. E) Hydrogen bonds between bases.

B) Deoxyribose linked to phosphate.

46) Darwin realized that most species produce many more offspring than is necessary to maintain a constant population yet the size of the population normally doesn't change much. These "extra" individuals that are born: A) Migrate to another location B) Die before they can reproduce C) Evolve to become new species D) Mutate and are able to adapt to new environments E) Mate with other species

B) Die before they can reproduce

13) Which of the following provides some energy storage for animals? A) Glucose B) Glycogen C) Cellulose D) Starch E) Ribose

B) Glycogen

17) What type of chemical reaction results in the breakdown of organic polymers into their respective subunits? A) Condensation B) Hydrolysis C) Oxidation D) Ionization E) Dehydration

B) Hydrolysis

23) Which phrase does NOT describe one of the functions of proteins of the plasma/cell membrane? A) Forming a channel through the membrane B) Initiating the replication of genetic material C) Binding to a substance to carry it through the membrane D) Acting as a receptor for substances outside the cell E) Maintaining Na+ /K+ balance in cell

B) Initiating the replication of genetic material

40) All of the following statements about genotypes and phenotypes are true EXCEPT: A) Individuals with the same phenotype might have different genotypes. B) Matings between individuals with dominant phenotypes cannot produce offspring with recessive phenotypes. C) Matings between individuals with recessive phenotypes usually do not produce offspring with dominant phenotypes. D) Individuals with the same genotype might have different phenotypes E) None of the above statements are true

B) Matings between individuals with dominant phenotypes cannot produce offspring with recessive phenotypes.

27) If a reaction results in one molecule losing an electron and a second molecule gaining that electron, the electron donor is said to be A) Reduced B) Oxidized C) Transformed D) Activated E) Inhibited

B) Oxidized

39) A "mini-gene" has the base sequence TACCCGTGCACG. Which of the following sequences represents a single base substitution? A) TACCCGTGCACG B) TACCCGAGCACG C) TACCCGGCACG D) TACCCGTGTCACG E) TACCGTGCTACG

B) TACCCGAGCACG

22) If a living plant were moved from a freshwater aquarium to a saltwater aquarium, which of the following would occur? A) Nothing - the plant would do equally well in either aquarium B) The plant's cells would lose water C) The plant's cells would lose ions D) The plant's cells would take up water E) The plant would gain turgor pressure

B) The plant's cells would lose water

6) Metabolism refers to an organism's ability to A) Reproduce B) Use energy C) Pass on genetic information D) Respond to the environment E) All of the above

B) Use energy

43) Which of the classes of RNA molecules is part of the process of transcription? A) Ribosomal RNA B) Transfer RNA C) Messenger RNA D) Primary RNA E) Secondary RNA

C) Messenger RNA

30) What is the significance of the conversion of pyruvate to lactate during fermentation? A) Pyruvate becomes available to enter the mitochondrial matrix B) The citric acid/Krebs cycle is initiated C) NAD+ is regenerated for use in glycolysis D) ATP is produced E) The energy in pyruvate is used up

C) NAD+ is regenerated for use in glycolysis

7) A cell that lacks membranous organelles is a(n): A) Member of the Plant kingdom B) Animal cell C) Prokaryotic cell D) A protist E) Eukaryotic cell

C) Prokaryotic cell

33) Because one strand of the double-stranded helix is found in each daughter cell, the replication process is called A) Proofreading B) Polymerizing C) Semiconservative D) Redundant E) Duplication

C) Semiconservative

48) The human appendix is an example of a(n): A) Analogous structure B) Homologous structure C) Vestigial structure D) Adaptation E) Mutation

C) Vestigial structure

12) A molecule of glucose has the molecular formula C6H12O6. Therefore it has __ atoms. A) 3 B) 12 C) 6 D) 24 E) None of the above

D) 24

50) Which is NOT an example of evolution? A) Development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. B) Flightless birds on islands without predators. C) This year's flu is different from last year's flu. D) A dog learns how to open the cabinet where its food is kept E) Most commercial pesticides are effective for 2-3 years.

D) A dog learns how to open the cabinet where its food is kept

41) Which of the following is NOT true about mutations? A) Damage to DNA can result after exposure to some environmental factors B) Mutations can often be repaired by enzymes C) Variations in DNA and mutations are important for evolution to occur D) All mutations are harmful for the organism E) Ultraviolet light can cause mutations

D) All mutations are harmful for the organism

9) Electrons A) Located closest to the nucleus have the most energy B) Along with neutrons, are located in the nucleus C) Are attracted to the negatively charged nucleus D) Are negatively charged E) Have an amu = 1

D) Are negatively charged

18) All of the following are components of modern cell theory EXCEPT: A) All living organisms are made up of one or more cells B) The smallest living organisms are single cells C) All cells arise from preexisting cells D) Bacterial cells are eukaryotic E) Cells are the functional units of all organisms

D) Bacterial cells are eukaryotic

19) Which of the following organelles would only be found within a cell that was both eukaryotic and autotrophic? A) Mitochondria B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) Nucleus D) Golgi apparatus E) Chloroplast

D) Bacterial cells are eukaryotic

15) Which of the following is NOT an organic molecule? A) Protein B) Nucleic acid C) Monosaccharide D) Carbon dioxide E) Lipid

D) Carbon dioxide

24) Which of the following is true about ribosomes? A) They contain RNA and proteins B) They synthesize proteins C) They are formed on the cytoskeleton D) They are found only in the nucleus E) A and B

E) A and B

45) All of the following are directly involved in translation EXCEPT: A) Ribosomes B) tRNA C) Amino acids D) DNA E) mRNA

D) DNA

31) The first process in breaking down glucose is A) Krebs cycle B) Fermentation C) Chemiosmosis D) Glycolysis E) Preparatory Step

D) Glycolysis

21) Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is/are true? A) It is a solid layer of proteins that protects the contents of the cell B) The plasma membrane of the bacterium has none of the same components as the plasma membrane of a eukaryotic cell C) It is a rigid and unmoving layer of phospholipids and proteins D) It allows selected molecules to pass into and out of the cell E) C and D are correct

D) It allows selected molecules to pass into and out of the cell

14) Triglycerides are: A) Polymers of amino acids B) Always composed of carbon rings C) Lacking carboxyl groups (COOH) D) Nonpolar and hydrophobic E) Made from glycerol and nucleic acids

D) Nonpolar and hydrophobic

16) Which of the following is NOT one of the four most common elements found in living organisms? A) Hydrogen B) Carbon C) Oxygen D) Sulfur E) Nitrogen

D) Sulfur

44) Which of the classes of RNA molecules is/are part of the process of translation? A) Ribosomal RNA B) Transfer RNA C) Messenger RNA D) A and C E) A, B and C

E) A, B and C

49) Of all the possible amino acids, all living organisms make use of only the same 20 amino acids. This supports the idea that: A) Only a limited number of DNA mutations are possible B) Bacteria, animals, and plants developed independently C) Each species uses a unique set of amino acids D) Plants and animals have a completely different ancestry E) All living things are derived from a common ancestor

E) All living things are derived from a common ancestor

32) Which of the following molecules can be modified to enter the citric acid/Krebs cycle? A) Pyruvate B) Amino Acids C) Fatty Acids D) None of the above E) All of the above

E) All of the above

4) Which of the following is a multicellular organism A) Heart B) Cardiovascular system C) Bacterium D) Forest ecosystem E) Cockroach

E) Cockroach

3) Which group is the most abundant in terms of numbers of individuals? A) Animals B) Fungi C) Eukarya D) Plants E) Prokaryotes

E) Prokaryotes