bio test 6

Life's key molecule for storing energy for for powering work at the cellular level is a nucleotide called

ATP

What property of dishwashing liquid (detergent) makes it useful to wash grease from pans?

Amphipathic nature

If you were a molecule, then facilitated diffusion would be most like

Coasting across a bridge on your bike.

Which of the following best describes what occurs during facilitated diffusion?

In facilitated diffusion, molecules diffuse into the cell through protein channels. No cell energy is required.

Which of the following particles could diffuse easily through a cell membrane?

Oxygen (O2)

Molecules which diffuse through a cell membrane by facilitated diffusion

Require the aid of transport proteins

Which of the following best describes how phospholipids arrange themselves in the cell membrane?

The phospholipids form a bilayer where the hydrophilic heads face outward toward the watery exterior or the watery cytoplasm, and the hydrophobic tails cluster together in a water-free zone.

Because they're found in living things, the molecules in living things are often called

biomoleules

A type of mitochondria-rich fat tissue called ________ fat is used for regulating body temperature in babies and in hibernating mammals

brown

In a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, both the bread and the jelly would be classified as

carbohydrates

Sugars, starches, and plant fiber are all

carbohydrates

Passive transport is defined as the movement of any substance across a membrane without the use of

cell energy

The boundary that surrounds the cytoplasm of the cell is the ______ ______________

cell membrane

The polysaccharide that makes up plant fiber is called

cellulose

Wood and cotton are both made of the polysaccharide called

cellulose

The dynamic model of cell membrane structure which involves phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates in constant motion in the membrane is the _______-_______ model.

fluid-mosaic

The phosphate containing part makes up the phospholipid's "_________".

head

The nucleic acids DNA and RNA are the molecules of

heredity

The kind of bond that lipids won't form with water is a ___________ bond

hydrogen

Is the head of a phospholipid hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

hydrophilic

A more scientific way to say "water-loving" is __________.

hydrophillic

A more scientific way to say "water-fearing" is __________.

hydrophobic

Is the tail of a phospholipid hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

hydrophobic

Lipids are all ____________, which means that they won't dissolve in water.

hydrophobic

Lipids are all _____________, which means that they won't dissolve in water.

hydrophobic

A gummy bear is placed in water. The gummy bear is made mostly of sugar, held together by gelatin. The gummy bear is ___________ to the water.

hypertonic

A solution that has a higher solute concentration than a solution on the other side of the membrane is ___________

hypertonic

A solution that has a lower water concentration than a solution on the other side of the membrane is ___________

hypertonic

When a plant is in this environment, it wilts.

hypertonic

When animal cells are in this environment, they'll shrink and shrivel

hypertonic

A solution that has a higher water concentration than a solution on the other side of the membrane is ___________

hypotonic

A solution that has a lower solute concentration than a solution on the other side of the membrane is ___________

hypotonic

When animal cells are in this environment, they'll expand, then burst.

hypotonic

When plant cells are in this environment, they'll be the most solid and firm.

hypotonic

In addition to energy storage, the fatty blubber found in marine mammals provides them with a layer of _________________ to protect them from heat loss

insulation

Marine mammals like whales use fat for

insulation

A solution that has the same solute concentration as a solution on the other side of the membrane is ___________

isotonic

A solution that has the same water concentration as a solution on the other side of the membrane is ___________

isotonic

If you want to keep animal tissue or cells alive outside the body, you have to keep them in what kind of osmotic environment?

isotonic

Fats, oils, waxes, and steroids are members of the _________ family

lipid

Fats, oils, waxes, and steroids are all examples of

lipids

The kind of endocytosis in which the membrane only pinches in when a molecule outside the cell binds with a receptor molecule in the membrane is called ____________.

receptor-meditated endocytosis

Membranes allow certain molecules to pass through but not others. In other words, membranes are ________-_______________.

selectively-permeable

The cell membrane lets only some things in and out. The best way to describe that is to say that the membrane is

semi-permeable

Another terms for "monosaccharide" is __________ sugar

simple

When substances diffuse directly through a membrane's phospholipid bilayer, the process is called _____________ ____________.

simple diffusion

Saturated fats are usually ________ at room temperature

solid

The polysaccharide found in bread, pasta, and rice is called

starch

Both testosterone and estrogen are hormones that belong to a class of lipids called

steroids

Both monosaccharides like glucose and disaccharides like sucrose are

sugars

The two fatty acid chains make up the phospholipid's "_________".

tail

A chemical name for both fats and oils is

triglyceride

True or false? Osmosis is a type of diffusion.

true

Cellulose makes up the cell _________ of plants

wall

Muscle tissue, skin, fingernails, enzymes, and antibodies are all examples of __________.

proteins

When a substance created inside the cell is exported outside the cell, it leaves the cell through

exocytosis

When substances diffuse into a cell by passing through a protein channel, the process is called _____________ ____________.

facilitated diffusion

True or false: In active transport, a cell uses the kinetic energy in molecules and lets them flow down their concentration gradient.

false

Triglycerides have ___ fatty acids bonded to one molecule of glycerol.

3

For diffusion to occur, there must be

a gradient

In nerve cells, the amount of positively charged potassium ions inside the cell is much higher than the amount outside the cell. In order for the cell to take up more potassium, which process is required?

active transport

When cells expend energy to move a substance from lower concentration to higher concentration, this process is known as _____________ ____________.

active transport

Which of the following terms describes the process by which the cell membrane moves substances from lower concentration to higher concentration.

active transport

Diffusion is a term for the movement of molecules from

an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

One way to talk about diffusion is to say the molecules in a fluid will move down a _____________ ____________.

concentration gradient

When a cube of sugar is placed in a beaker of water, sugar molecules spread through the beaker by

diffusion

_____________ is the movement of molecules from where they're more concentrated to where they're less concentrated.

diffusion

Sucrose, also known as table sugar, is formed by linking together two monosaccharides. That makes it a

disaccharide

When molecules diffuse, they flow

down their concentration gradient

The cell membrane pinches in, taking in something outside of the cell and enclosing it within a vesicle. This process is called ____________.

endocytosis

Fats and oils have more ___________ /gram than any other type of food.

energy

One of the key functions of fat and oil is their ability to store lots of ____________

energy

The fondness for sugar shared by many animals (including humans) evolved because sugars are a quick source of

energy

A vesicle filled with some substance fuses with the membrane, releasing that substance outside the cell. This process is called ____________.

exocytosis

Unsaturated triglycerides are usually _________ at room temperature

liquid

Because they're often big, the molecules in living things are often called

macromolecules

Diffusion is about the random movement of

molecules

Biomolecules are often composed of smaller building blocks, which are also known as

monomers

___________ get combined with one another to form polymers

monomers

The monomers of carbohydrates are

monosaccharides

The protein-based tissue that makes it possible for you to move (and which is what you eat when you eat chicken or beef) is

muscle

Suppose a cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from ________.

nearly any eukaryotic organism

A molecule that can diffuse freely through a phospholipid bilayer is probably

non polar

Is the tail of a phospholipid polar or non-polar?

non-polar

One thing that the lipids have in common is that they are, for the most part, ____________, which is why they generally won't dissolve in ____________

non-polar; water

DNA and RNA are both examples of

nucleic acids

The molecules of heredity, DNA and RNA, are

nucleic acids

Antibodies and enzymes are both

proteins

Cell membrane channels are made of

proteins

The kind of endocytosis in which a large portion of the membrane surrounds a food particle (or even another cell), and then brings that particle into the cell is called _________

phagocytosis

As part of the immune response, a white blood cell swallows an invading bacteria. Another name for that process is

phagocytosis.

The molecules that make up that basic structure of the membrane are called __________.

phospholipids

Which of the following molecules makes up the basic structure of the membrane?

phospholipids

The kind of endocytosis in which a small portion of the membrane pinches in, allowing the cell to "take a sip" of the fluid outside of the cell, is called _________

pinocytosis

In most lipids (and in most parts of lipid molecules), electrons are shared evenly among the atoms that make up the molecule. As a result, lipid molecules are non- ________

polar

Is the head of a phospholipid polar or non-polar?

polar

The repeating glucose subunits in starch make starch a

polymer

Letters are to monomers as words are to

polymers

Foods like chicken, beef, and egg white are all members of the __________ biomolecule family

protein