Bio The Biological Molecules Assignment
What type of molecule is shown in these two diagrams?
Monosaccharide
What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
In cells, DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of _______ which directs the synthesis of ___________.
RNA proteins
The 20 common amino acid are classified into five chemical classes based on which of the following?
Their R groups
The two purine bases in DNA are ________ and ___________.
adenine and guanine
Each kind of protein has a unique sequence of __________ _____________.
amino acids
Two ________ __________ joined together by a peptide bond to form a dipeptide.
amino acids
The main chemical characteristic that lipids share is that they are ____________ in water.
insoluble
In nucleic acids, adjacent nucleotides are covalently linked by ___________ bonds.
phosphodiester
The amino acid sequence of its polypeptides is called the ______________ structure of a protein.
primary
In proteins that only have a single polypeptide chain, what two terms are synonymous?
protein and polypeptide
A protein's __________ structure refers to the final 3-Dimensional shape of the polypeptide chains that make up the protein.
tertiary
Molecules containing carbon can form which of the following structures?
-Balls, tubes, and coils -Branched chains -Unbranched chains -RIngs
Regarding the chemical nature of nitrogenous bases in DNA, which of the following are correct?
-Cytosine is a pyrimidine -Adenine is a purine
In living organisms, molecules of _______ are used to store and transmit the genetic information from one generation to the next, while molecules of __________ use the genetic information to actually assemble proteins
-DNA -RNA
The two classes of nucleic acids are ______________ and ________________.
-DNA -RNA
Which of the following correctly describe RNA and DNA?
-DNA is used for stable long term storage of genetic information. -DNA uses the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA uses ribose. -DNA is double stranded, while RNA is single stranded. -RNA is used to decode the information in DNA and make proteins. -DNA uses the nitrogenous base thymine, while RNA uses uracil.
During protein synthesis, amino acids are linked together using a ____________ reaction. As a result, a peptide bond is formed.
-Dehydration
Which of the following interaction help determine a protein's tertiary structure? (Check all that apply)
-Disulfide bridges -Ionic bonds -Hydrogen bonds -Hydrophobic exclusion
Match each group of lipid with its primary function in living organisms.
-Fats--------Long term energy storage -Phospholipids--------The main component of cell membranes -Steroids----------Some function as hormones in animals -Terpenes-------Some are components of important biological pigments
Lipids are composed mostly of which two elements?
-Hydrogen -Carbon
A protein is initially driven into its tertiary structure by what type of interactions?
-Hydrogen exclusion
The 3' end of nucleotide chain is composed of a(n)
-OH group
In living things, carbon atoms commonly form bonds with which of the following?
-Oxygen -Hydrogen -Nitrogen -Sulfur -Other carbon atoms -Phosphorus
What are the three basic components of a nucleotide?
-Phosphate group -Nitrogenous base -Pentose sugar
What type of bond connects adjacent nucleotides in a single strand of a nucleic acid?
-Phosphodiester
Carbon-oxygen and carbon-nitrogen bonds are described as which of the following?
-Polar covalent
When an amino acid is dissolved in water, the amino group becomes _____________ charged and the carboxyl group becomes _____________ charged.
-Positively -Negativey
The ____________, ____________, and _____________ structural levels of a protein describe a protein with single polypeptide chain.
-Primary -Secondary -Tertiary
Match the level of protein organization with the proper description.
-Primary----The linear sequence of amino acids -Secondary----Repetitive folding patterns such as alpha helix and beta pleated sheet -Tertiary---The overall 3-D shape of each polypeptide -Quaternary--- How two or more polypeptides interact to form a protein
Match the level of protein structure with the correct description.
-Primary---sequence of amino acids -secondary---a-helices and B-sheets -tertiary--3-D folding of a single polypeptide -Quaternary---interactions between 2 or more polypeptides to form a protein
The molecules in this diagram are which of the following (choose all that apply)?
-Pyrimidines -Nitrogenous bases
Regular interaction of groups within the polypeptide backbone make up which level of the protein's structure?
-Secondary
Hydrogen bonds between the amino and carboxyl groups of the polypeptide backbone help determine protein _________ structure while hydrogen bonds between the amino acid side chains help determine protein ___________ structure.
-Secondary -Tertiary
Individual polypeptides within a protein are referred to as which of the following?
-Subunits
Which part of this amino acids is shaded in white?
-The R group
What is the effect of dissolving an amino acid in water?
-The amino group becomes positively charged and the carboxyl group becomes negatively charged.
Which part of an amino acid is always acidic?
-The carboxyl group
How are the nucleotides in a single polynucleotide chain linked together?
-The phosphate group of one nucleotide is covalently linked to the sugar of the next nucleotide.
Which describes purines?
-They are found in both DNA and RNA. -They are nitrogenous bases. -They are double-ring molecules.
Choose all characteristics of lipids.
-They are hydrophobic -They are insoluble in water
which of the following describe D and L forms of an organic molecule?
-They are mirror images of each other -They are enantiomers -They differ in how they rotate a plane of polarized light.
Which of the following statements about monosaccharides are true?
-They are often used as building blocks to form larger carbohydrates. -They may contain as few as 3 carbons -Because they have many C-H bonds, they are well suited for energy storage
Which describes pyrimidines?
-They are single-ring molecules. -They include cytosine, thymine, and uracil. -They are nitrogenous bases.
Select amino acids that are most likely to be found in the interior of a protein.
-Valine -Leucine -Phenylalnine
The two basic types of secondary structure are ________ and __________ sheet.
-alpha -beta
A molecule that only contains _________ and ____________ is called a hydrocarbon.
-carbon -hydrogen
Match each interaction that can potentially contribute to a protein's shape with the phrase that best describes it.
-disulfide bridge----formation of a covalent bond between 2 cysteine side chains -Ionic Bond---formation of a bond between groups with opposite charge -van der Waals attraction----weak attraction between atoms due to oppositely polarized electron clouds -hyrdophobic exclusion---hyrdophobic portions of the protein gather in the interior of the protein
Molecules consisting only of carbon and hydrogen are called ______________.
-hydrocarbons
The part of this molecule shaded in purple is a
-nitrogenous base
This diagram is showing which of the following (choose all that apply)?
-nitrogenous bases -Purines
The molecule shown in this diagram is a(n)
-nucleotide
Carbon atoms commonly form bonds with other carbon atoms as well as hydrogen, _______________, __________________, ____________________, ______________________.
-oxygen -nitrogen -sulfur -phosphorus
The 5' end of a nucleotide chain is composed of a(n)
-phosphate group.
The term _________ refers to a single, long chain of amino acids, while a(n) ____________ can be composed of one or more long amino acid chains.
-polypeptide -protein
The two types of nitrogenous bases present in nucleotides are _________ and _____________.
-purines -pyrimidines
The structure of proteins is usually discussed in terms of a hierarchy of how many levels?
4
What are the peptide bonds located in a polypeptide?
Between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another
Which of the following bonds is essentially non polar?
C-H