bio
Net Filtration Pressure
GBHP-CHP-BCOP
tubular reabsorption and secretion
Many molecules and ions are reabsorbed from the nephron via sympoters, antiporters, passive reabsorption
Alkaline/ Basic
OH- ( Hydroxide concerntration high or HC03-HIGH)
Calcitrol
Stimulates absorption of calcium and calcium ions along the GI tract
hematuria
frequent urination
the nephron
functional unit of the kidney
glucosuria
glucose in the urine
glomerulus and bowman's capsule
have special features for filtering blood
respiratory alkalosis
high pH, low CO2 hyperventilation Decreased Pco2
Angiotensin II
increases ion reabsorption- raises BO
Aldosterone
increases ion reabsorption- raises BP, increases sodium
produces urine
kidney
respiratory acidosis
low pH, high CO2 hypoventilation Increased Pco2
Anatomy and Physiology
maintains homeostasis of blood composition, volume, pH, and pressure kidney filters blood and restores selected amounts of water and solutes to the bloodstream urine dilution and urine concentration, kidney, function evaluation
urination is also called
micturition
edema
occurs when excess interstitial fluid exceeds reabsorption
dysuria
painful urination
hhcmetabolic alkalosis
presence of alkali in the blood causes include ingestion of alkali, prolonged vomiting, or extreme Increased HCO3
metabolic acidosis
presence of excess acid in the blood causing ingestion of acid, production of keto acids in uncontrolled diabetes, and kidney failure Decreased HCO3
ADH
promotes thirst to cause them to drink water, and reabsorb water-which causes increased BP&BV
proximal convoluted tubule
reabsorption of water, ions, and all organic nutrients
distal convoluted tubule
related of control of blood pressure and blood volume
the kidneys
release 3 hormones
Erythropoietin
released in response to low oxygen levels in kidney tissues
Loop of Henle
responsible for conserving water and minimizing the volume of the filtrate
Renin
simulates the conversion of
external urethral sphincter
skeletal muscle, voluntary
proteinuria
small amount of protein are normal
internal urethral sphincter
smooth muscle, involuntary
Angiotensin II
stimualates aldosterone production in the adrenal cortex
urinary bladder
stores urine
angiotensis II
triggers the release of ADH and aldosterone (which reduce water loss in the u
Urethra
tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
urobilinogenuria
urobilinogen in urine, breakdown product of hemoglobin
collect duct
variable reabsorption of water and sodium, potassium, hydrogen, and bicarbonate
filtration membrane 3 layers
1. glomerular endothlieum 2. Basement membrane- 3. Foot processes of podocytes with filtration slits
three stage of urinary system
1.glomerular filtration 2.tubular reabsorption 3.tubular secretion
acid=H+
1.secretion H+ into the filtrate 2. Reasbsorbing filtrated HCO3 3. Producion new HCO3-
structure of urinary system
2 kidneys 2 ureters 1 urinary bladder 1 urethra
Normal pH of urine
4.5-8.0
Normal pH
7.35-7.45
Atrial natriuretic peptide
decreases blood pressure
countercurrent flow
aids in water reabsorption along the loop of henle
albuminuria
albumin in the urine protien
ANP
atrial natriuretic peptide 1. increase sodium ion loss in urine 2. increased glomerular filtration 3. inactivaed the rennin- ang
noctural enuresis
bedwetting
Bilirubinuria
bilirubin in urine, breakdown of hemoglobin from red blood cells, liver failure
high specific gravity
can indicate dehydration or any other condition relation to high concentrations of solutes
angiotensis II
cause vasoconstriction, which increases blood pressure instantly
urea recycling
causes increased density in the renal medulla
the kidney and blood pressure
within th distal and convolute tubule, cells from juxtaglomerular apparatus, which secretes an enzyme
