Bio101 Exam 1 Ch 4
Which of the following characteristics is responsible for the complexity and variety of organic molecules?
the chemical versatility of carbon atoms
Which of the following statements is correct for organic molecules with only hydrogens and five carbon atoms?
the molecule cannot have enantiomers
Variations in the reactive properties of different organic molecules are most closely associated with __________.
the presence or absence of functional groups
Which action could produce a carbonyl group?
the replacement of the −OH−OH of a carboxyl group with hydrogen
Organic chemistry is currently defined as
the study of carbon compounds.
Which of the following best describes cis-trans isomers?
they differ in their spatial arrangement around inflexible double bonds
Differences in which of the following chemical characteristics are responsible for the uniqueness of individuals organisms?
types and relative amounts of organic molecules synthesized by each organism
Which of the following molecules has the fewest characteristics of an organic molecule?
water
Which of the following identifies the chemical relationship between glucose and fructose?
They are structural isomers.
Citric acid makes lemons taste sour. Which of the following is a functional group that would cause a molecule such as citric acid to be acidic? See Concept 4.3 (Page)
carboxyl
Which of the following functional groups gives amino acids their acidic character?
carboxyl
Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?
carboxyl and amino groups
Most organic compounds contain which atoms?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Which functional group shown in the figure can accept protons and raise the pH of the surrounding solution?
-NH2
Which of the functional groups shown in the figure is present in hexanol but not in hexane?
-OH
Which statement about a methyl functional group is correct?
A methyl group consists of a carbon bonded to three hydrogen atoms.
Hydrolysis of ADP produces which of the following products?
AMP + Pi + energy
Which of the following statements about ADP/ATP is true?
ATP can have four negative charges.
Identify the asymmetric carbon in this molecule.
B
Visualize the structural formula of each of the following hydrocarbons. Which hydrocarbon has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?
C2H4
Which of the following is a hydrocarbon?
C3H8
Which of the following unique feature of carbon allows it to support life on Earth?
Carbon can form a variety of bonds in nature.
Variation in carbon chains is an important source of molecular complexity. How can carbon skeletons vary?
Carbon skeletons can vary in length, exhibit different branching structures, contain double bonds at different positions, and contain rings of carbon atoms
Which statement about isomers is correct?
Enantiomers differ in biological activity.
Which of the following accurately describes a characteristic of isomers?
Geometric and Optical isomerism are two types of stereoisomerism.
How do isomers differ from one another? How do isomers differ from one another?
Isomers differ in the arrangement or bonding of atoms.
Which of the following is true of carbon?
It can form both polar and nonpolar bonds.
A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following properties of the molecule can be predicted with the information provided?
It should dissolve in water.
Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked by single bonds, which of the following statements best describe a hydrocarbon chain with the same number of carbon atoms but with one or more double bonds?
It will be more constrained in structure.It will be more polar.It will contain more hydrogen atoms.
what are enantiomers?
Molecules that are mirror images of each other.
Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. In which of the following ways do these molecules differ from each other?
They have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton.
Which of the following compounds is found in vinegar?
acetic acid
Which chemical group is most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule behaving as a base?
amino
Which chemical change will convert ADP to ATP?
by adding energy and a phosphate
The large diversity of shapes of biological molecules is possible because of the extensive presence of __________ in the molecules.
carbon
A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms?
covalent
Which of the following factors determines whether a carbon atom's covalent bonds with other atoms are in a tetrahedral configuration or a planar configuration?
double bonds between the carbon atom and other atoms
Which complex organic molecules were synthesized in Miller's experiment?
formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, amino acids, hydrocarbons
Molecules that have the same chemical formula (same numbers of each type of atom) but different three-dimensional shapes are called __________.
isomer
Which of the following functional groups is unreactive but when added to bases of DNA can alter gene expression?
methyl
The results from Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments can best be used to support which of the following hypotheses?
organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth
Miller's classic experiment demonstrated that a discharge of sparks through a mixture of gases could result in the formation of a large variety of organic compounds. Miller did not use which one of the following gases in his experiment?
oxygen
What functional group is commonly used in cells to transfer energy from one organic molecule to another?
phosphate
An atom has four electrons in its valence shell. What type(s) of covalent bonds is it capable of forming with oxygen?
single and double bonds