Biodiversity Unit 3 Review: Part 4

Class Hydrozoa

"Hydromedusae" small is present in what class?

Cubomedusa

"Sea Wasp" or "Box Jellyfish"; extremely deadly

Polyp and medusa

2 body forms of cnidaria; diploid tissues

Tentaculata & nuda

2 classes of Colloblasts

Mesentery

2 coelic linning tissues inside or outside; also a structure that suspends the small intestine from the posterior body wall

Hydrozoa, scyphozoa, anthozoa

3 Classes of Cnidaria

Portuguese man of war

A floating, polymorphic colony

Obelia

A hydroid, a colony

Coral bleaching

A phenomenon in which algae inside corals die, causing the corals to turn white.

Swim, somersault, crawl

Activities sea anemones can engage in

Colloblasts

Adhesive structures on the tentacles of ctenophores.

Spirocysts

Adhesive, found in all 3 groups/classes of Cnidaria

Polyp

Adv. of growing

Medusa

Adv. of swimming

Branch Eumetazoa

Animals with well-defined true tissues

Temperature

Biggest factor of coral bleaching

Class Anthozoa

Class including corals and sea anemones

Class Hydrozoa

Class that contains Cnidae in epidermis; exclusively nematocysts

Class Anthozoa & Scyphozoa

Class that contains cnidae in epidermis & gastrodermis

Phylum Ctenophora

Comb jellies

Class Anthozoa & Scyphozoa

Contains CELLULAR mesoglea

Tentaculata

Contractile Tentacles Ctenophora

Cnidarians

Ctenophorans are closely related to who?

Fission

Division of an organism into two new cells. Reproduction in protists.

Ephyra

During sexual stage of medusa, polyps bud off into tiny medusae, which produce gametes; Young medusa

Dactylozooid

Enhanced w/ nematocysts for defense; weapon

Phylum Cnidaria

Examples: jellyfish, sea fans, sea anemones, hydras, corals, box jellyfish

Phylum Cnidaria

First group to possess nervous system

Polymorphisms of Class Hydrozoa

Gastrozooid, gonozooid (gonangium), dactylozooid, skeletozooid

Hermatypic corals

Hard reef building corals that produce calcium carbonate skeletons, contain zooxanthellae

Hermit crab hydroid

Hydrozoan animal that does Dactylozooid lashing

Class Scyphozoa

Jellyfish

Mesoglea

Keeps outer & inner layers separated. Glue layer, made of jellitin, extremely thick

Scyphomedusae

Large when in medusa form in Class Scyphozoa

Metagenesis

Life cycle of Phylum Cnidaria

Characteristics of comb jellies

Medusa-like structure, w/o nematocysts. 8 comb rows, w/ 2 tentacles

Gastrozooid

Modified for feeding

Gonozooid (gonangium)

Modified for reproduction

Coral reefs

Most diverse and productive ecosystem

Medusoid

Most dominant form in Scyphozoa; large

Polypoid

Most dominant form of Class Hydrozoa; Medusoid or Polypoid

Phylum Cnidaria characteristics:

Mouth w/ tentacles, no anus but has gut, cnidae, diploblastic w/organs, either polyp or medusa

Hexacorallia

Multiples of 6 tentacles

Nuda

No Tentacles Ctenophora

Life cycle of Scyphozoa (jellyfish)

Planula->Schyphistoma->Strobilation->Ephyra

Scyphistoma

Polyp-type structure

Physalia

Portuguese man of war

Skeletozooid

Produces skeleton

Octocorals

Soft corals whose polyps have 8 tentacles

Ahermatypic corals

Soft corals; do not build reefs, often lack zooxanthellae

Nematocysts

Stinging cells, only found in Class Anthozoa

Cnidae

Stinging organnells

True

T or F, Anthozoans are polypoid only

True

T or F, Class Anthozoa does not undergo metagenesis

False

T or F, Class Hydrozoa undergoes metagenesis

True

T or F, Scientists predict all reefs will be dead in 30-50 yrs due to coral bleaching

Metagenesis

The alternation of generations between sexual and asexual reproduction, btw polyp and medusa

Planula

The free-swimming, ciliated larva of a cnidarian

Gastrodermis

The inner layer of a Cnidarian

Scleractinians

The modern reef-building corals.

Ptychocysts

Tube construction, found in all 3 groups/classes of Cnidaria

Budding, fission (longitudinal/ transverse)

Type of Asexual reproduction Anthozoans do

Strobilation

Type of asexual budding/reproduction

Fire coral

Type of coral-like hydrozoan; not a true coral

Radial

Type of symmetry present in Phylum Cnidaria

Sea pen, sea fan, sea whip

Types of soft corals

Acellular mesoglea

Very thin, no cells

Nerve net

simple netlike nervous system in cnidarians that conducts nerve impulses from all parts of the cnidarian's body. -Achieves little integration of information, serves simple behaviors