BIOL 101 FINAL REVIEW

Which of the following statements describes the function of a chloroplast?

It converts light energy into chemical energy.

Most of the world's freshwater supply is used for

irrigating crops.

Compared with a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell

lacks organelles beyond ribosomes.

Carrie would like to observe the cilia on the surface of a live paramecium—a single-celled organism. The best device to do this would be a

light microscope.

How does climate change effect Earth's oceans?

The pH level of the ocean will shift to a more acidic environment, leading to stress and the possible extinction of many species of shellfish and corals.

The world today derives the majority of its energy from which of the following sources?

coal and oil

Plant cells have plasmodesmata that

connect the cytoplasm of one cell with that of another.

All cells have some characteristics in common; both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have

cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA.

When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?

during mitosis

A covalent bond occurs when

electrons are shared between two atoms to complete their octets.

An atom with a neutral charge has

equal numbers of protons and electrons.

Proteins must be ingested in order to obtain

essential amino acids.

Carbohydrates are typically broken down to

glucose, the molecule used as the energy source in cells.

The stack of thylakoids labeled "A" in this figure is called

granum

What does the folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane, shown here, provide?

greater surface area for ATP production

The major cause of the loss in Earth's biodiversity is

habitat loss.

Humans are omnivores as shown by the type of

human teeth

Human society in its current form is unsustainable because

important natural resources are being consumed more quickly than they can be replenished.

Deforestation may contribute toward climate change because

loss of trees disrupts the carbon cycle, limiting the amount that is absorbed by plants, and increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

In the human life cycle,

meiosis produces haploid gametes, and fertilization creates a diploid cell that divides by mitosis to produce a new individual.

What organelle is used during the process of cellular respiration?

mitochondria

The nervous system and endocrine system control the body's functions by

sending out messages by nerve impulse and hormones.

Which of the following is an incorrect match?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum - storage of water

Cellular respiration can be described as the conversion of the energy

stored in food to energy stored in ATP.

DNA replication is called semiconservative because

the two resulting DNA molecules each have one new DNA strand and one old strand from the original DNA molecule.

Inside a living cell, which type of bond would be the most stable?

covalent

The main structural component of a plant cell wall is

celluloses

The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand torsion stresses?

compact bone

Which of the following methods may help conserve water by reducing the amount used for agriculture?

contour with no-till farming

Which of the following would have the greatest influence in creating a more sustainable urban society?

decreasing the amount of land that is altered in order to accommodate human desires (new homes, factories, agriculture, etc.)

Homeostasis maintains various levels within a narrow range only if environmental conditions do not fluctuate much.

false

Which of the following groups is suspected of causing climate change?

fossil fuel usage, deforestation, and agriculture

Humans store excess polysaccharides in the form of

glycogen.

Desertification and deforestation are similar in that both involve

loss of plant and animal life in an area.

In bacterial cells and plant cells, cell walls function in

maintaining cell shape.

Which organelle is required for producing ATP for cellular work?

mitochondria

Armadillos have a diploid chromosome number of 64. At prophase I, an armadillo's cell would have ________ tetrads present.

32

List the levels of organization of the body from simple to complex. 1. organ system 2. organism 3. tissue 4. organ 5. cell

5, 3, 4, 1, 2

Which statement below is correct when comparing plant and animal cells?

Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane, and plant cells also have a cell wall.

Which of the following is not a product of cellular respiration?

Oxygen

Refer to the figure. Which of the following is true regarding the labeled plasma membrane?

Parts W and Z are hydrophilic.

________ is the study of the structure and function of cellular proteins and their interactions; ________ may be employed to use computer algorithms to aid this process.

Proteomics; bioinformatics

Pollution is defined as

an undesirable alteration to the environment.

You are looking at a cell under a microscope and see what appears to be several "X" structures being pulled to each side of the cell. What stage of meiosis are you looking at?

anaphase I

The main goal of conservation biology is to

apply scientific principles to preserving and restoring ecosystems.

Which ecosystem makes up approximately 70% of the Earth's surface?

aquatic; marine

Which one of the following is the smallest unit of matter that has all the properties of an element?

atom

Mercury can enter an aquatic food chain and collect in fish as well as people who eat fish. This is an example of which of the following processes?

biological magnification

Which of the following is not a benefit of biodiversity?

biological magnification

Mitochondria are found in

both plant cells and animal cells

Energy needs are supplied by

carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

The four main categories of organic macromolecules are

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Which of the following is not a function of meiosis?

cause an organism to grow

Which of the following lists the levels of biological organization in order from simplest to most complex?

cell, cardiac muscle, heart, cardiovascular system, human

The study of comparative genomics has given researchers the ability to look at multiple genomes from different species, which has lead to new ideas about the evolutionary history of organisms. The conclusion is that

modern vertebrate species evolved from the same ancestors, and a large portion of their genome is conserved.

Biodiversity increases the consumptive value of land, meaning that

more value can be derived from the more diverse products produced by ecosystems with high biodiversity relative to land that has been cleared for agriculture.

Movement of body parts directly requires the

muscular system and skeletal system

The failure of sister chromatids to separate during meiosis is called

nondisjunction.

Which food choice below offers the healthiest fat for your heart?

oily fish

The single most important risk for skin cancer is ________.

overexposure to UV radiation

The removal of electrons and/or hydrogen atoms from a substrate is called what?

oxidation

Susan was examining a cell under the microscope and noticed the formation of a cell plate in the midline of the cell and the formation of nuclei at opposite poles of the cell. The cell under examination was most likely a(n)

plant cell undergoing cytokinesis.

Plant cells can communicate with each other via ________, as indicated by the arrow in the figure.

plasmodesmata

Both plants and animals need mitochondria to

produce ATP

Amino acids are needed to build ________, just as ________ are needed to create DNA.

proteins; nucleotides

Hydropower and wind power are similar in that both are

renewable energy sources.

Where do the vesicles that are being made for secretion from the cell become modified and packaged?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following organelles would form a membrane-bound package, also known as a vesicle?

Golgi apparatus

Lipids

may be used to make certain hormones and vitamin D.

Which body system produces red blood cells?

skeletal

In which ways does overfishing lead to decreased biodiversity?

It depletes fish that feed on some species and serve as food sources for other species, leading to the eradication of some species and the overpopulation of others.

Which of the following is the correct sequence for an altered protein that is secreted from the cell?

rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane

Forests and other natural ecosystems, such as wetlands, exhibit the "sponge effect," meaning that they

soak up water from runoff and rainfall, releasing it at a regular rate that moderates flooding of streams and rivers.

Which of the following minerals is typically overconsumed by Americans?

sodium

Plants store their sugar in the form of

starch

Nutrients that are deemed to be "essential" are those which

the body is not able to produce.

Which bone would likely take the longest to heal?

thigh bone of an elderly individual

Inside the chloroplasts, chlorophyll is found in the

thylakoid membrane