BIOL 1011 Exam 1 Practice: lecture quizzes/clicker questions

Which of the following base pair connections is stronger? A. Guanine-Cytosine B. Adenine-Thymine

A. Guanine-Cytosine

Which of these accurately describes a difference between RNA and DNA nucleotides? A. RNA has a 2' hydroxyl group attached; DNA does not B. RNA has a 5' phosphate group attached; DNA does not C. RNA has a 1' nucleotide attached; DNA does not D. RNA has a six-sided sugar ring; DNA has a five-sided sugar ring

A. RNA has a 2' hydroxyl group attached; DNA does not

How did Avery know RNA was not the transforming factor? A. RNase treated extract could transform non-virulent cells into virulent cells B. DNase treated extract could nottransform non-virulent cells into virulent cells C. RNase treated extract could transform virulent cells into non-virulent cells

A. RNase treated extract could transform no-virulent cells into virulent cells

Which of the following is NOT an attribute of all life? A. ability to fight off disease B. ability to reproduce C. ability to evolve D. ability to get or make energy

A. ability to fight off disease

Which of the following is NOT required for evolution by natural selection? A. all of the other answers are required B. heritability (offspring resemble parents) C. variation D. differential survival or reproduction

A. all of the other answers are required

Which chemical bonds are stronger? A. covalent B. ionic

A. covalent

What is degeneracy? A. Different mRNA codons can result in the same AA B. One tRNAcan carry many different AAs C. The same tRNAcan match multiple different mRNA codons D. mRNA codons are degrading with regard to tRNA specificity

A. different mRNA codons can result in the same AA

Why is water so versatile? A. It is polar B. It is non-polar C. It is composed of three atoms D. It is a very large molecule

A. it is polar

If you're trying to test the hypothesis that a new cancer drug slows tumor growth and the experimental group that receives the drug shows slower tumor growth, the hypothesis has been: A. Supported B. Rejected C. Proven D. Elevated to the level of a scientific theory

A. supported

Which of these accurately describes the structure of a nucleotide? A. the phosphate group is attached to the 5' carbon, and the nitrogenous base is attached to the 1' carbon B. the phosphate group is attached directly to the nitrogenous base C. purines are attached to the 1' carbon, and pyrimidines are attached to the 3' carbon D. when both purines and pyrimidines are attached to the same nucleotide, one is attached to the 5' carbon and the other is attached to the 3' carbon E. the phosphate group is attached to the 5' carbon, and the nitrogenous base is attached to the 3' carbon

A. the phosphate group is attached to the 5' carbon, and the nitrogenous base is attached to the 1' carbon

If the bottom strand below is the DNA template strand for transcription, what will be the last rNTP added to the RNA transcribed from this template? 3'-TTAGCGCAATCC-5' 5'-AATCGCGTTAGG-3' A. A B. U C. G D. T E. C

B. U

If you're trying to test the hypothesis that a new cancer drug slows tumor growth, what would be an appropriate control group? A. A group doesn't receive the drug but receives a different treatment not given to the experimental group B. A group doesn't receive the drug but in other ways is as similar as possible to the experimental group C. A group receives less of the drug than the experimental group D. A group receives the same amount of the drug as the experimental group

B. a group doesn't receive the drug but in other ways is as similar as possible to the experimental group

In our experiment on the effect of vitamin C on cold prevention, the number of people in the control and experimental groups who get sick is a/an: A. Independent variable B. Dependent variable C. Control variable D. Observational variable

B. dependent variable

Where would the bands be after one round of replication if it was conservative? A. Heavy & mixed B. Heavy & light C. Light & mixed D. Heavy, mixed, & light E. Light only

B. heavy & light

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology describes the flow of ______ in a cell. A. electricity B. information C. energy D. nutrients

B. information

Why is carbon so versatile? A. It makes molecules polar B. It can potentially form several bonds with multiple other atoms C. It is found in water D. It is a very large atom

B. it can potentially form several bonds with multiple other atoms

What enzyme creates the phosphodiester bond to connect adjacent Okazaki fragments together? A. primase B. ligase C. DNA polymerase D. helicase E. gyrase

B. ligase

Which of the following is one of the "Big Six" elements most common in living organisms? A. zinc B. phosphorus C. sodium D. nickel E. iodine

B. phosphorus

Which of the following nucleotides will adenine NOT pair with? A. adenine will pair with all of these B. uracil C. cytosine D. thymine

C. cytosine

Phospholipids are made of a phosphate head group and ______ tails. A. protein B. deoxyribose C. fatty acid D. ribose

C. fatty acid

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology describes the flow of ______ in a cell. A. Energy B. Nutrients C. Information D. Electricity

C. information

Which of the following is/are transcribed? A. 5' cap B. 3' poly(A) tail C. Introns D. All of the above E. None of the above

C. introns

The growing protein chain might be attached to a tRNA in which site(s): A. A or P site B. P or E site C. all three sites D. A site E. P site F. E site

A. A or P site

How long ago did humans and chimps diverge from each other? A. 600 million years B. 6 million years C. 600,000 years D. 6,000 years

B. 6 million years

Which of these accurately describes a difference between adenine (A) and cytosine (C) A. A is a pyrimidine; C is a purine B. A has two rings; C has one ring C. A has a negative charge; C has a positive charge D. A is found in DNA; C is not

B. A has two rings; C has one ring

Which of the following is a valid scientific hypothesis? A. We should all be more concerned about climate change B. Bar-headed geese can fly at higher altitudes than Canada geese C. 82= 64 D. Children are protected by guardian angels

B. Bar-headed geese can fly at higher altitudes than Canada geese

Which of the following is true about phylogenetic trees? A. phylogenetic trees don't represent evolutionary relationships among species B. points where branches come together, representing a common ancestor, are called nodes C. humans are found within the domain Archaea on the tree of life D. the tips of a phylogenetic tree represent the furthest point back in time

B. points where branches come together, representing a common ancestor, are called nodes

How many bonds can carbon potentially make with other atoms? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 1 E. 5

C. 4

The lagging strand is the daughter strand that has its ____ end pointed toward the replication fork and is therefore synthesized ______. A. 5′; continuously B. none of the other answers is correct C. 5′; in a series of segments D. 3′; continuously E. 3′; in a series of segments

C. 5'; in a series of segments

Which of the following is NOT a covalent bond? A. a bond between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom in the same molecule of water B. all of the other answers are covalent bonds C. a bond between complementary bases in the middle of a DNA double helix D. a bond between two adjacent nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule E. a bond between adjacent amino acids in a polypeptide

C. a bond between complementary bases in the middle of a DNA double helix

According to cell theory, A. all living organisms are multi-cellular B. all of the other answers are correct C. all cells come from pre-existing cells D. eukaryotes are made up of cells but prokaryotes are not

C. all cells come from pre-existing cells

tRNA charging reactions are catalyzed by the enzyme: peptidyl transferase A. topoisomerase B. tRNA polymerase C. aminoacyl tRNA synthetase D. chargase

C. aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

According to the RNA World hypothesis, why was RNA likely the first "information molecule"? A. because RNA is more stable than DNA B. because RNA is less stable than DNA C. because RNA can act as an enzyme, catalyzing chemical reactions D. because RNA contains uracil

C. because RNA can act as an enzyme, catalyzing chemical reactions

Which of the following is NOT a desirable quality in a control group of an experiment? A. It should be as similar as possible to the experimental group B. It should help the researcher focus on a specific variable of interest C. It should allow the testing of multiple alternate hypotheses D. It should not receive the experimental treatment

C. it should allow the testing of multiple alternate hypotheses

If protein was the genetic material,what would happen if you treated the dead bacteria with protease before mixing with the live bacteria?A. Transformation of nonvirulent bacteria to virulent would still happen B. Virulent bacteria would be transformed tononvirulent C. No transformation would occur

C. no transformation would occur

The bond connecting adjacent nucleotides in a strand of DNA is called a: A. nucleosomic bond B. ribonucleic bond C. phosphodiester bond D. ionic bond

C. phosphodiester bond

How many electrons does carbon have in its outer electron shell? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5

D. 4

Which of the following molecules is/are transcribed? A. tRNA B. mRNA C. rRNA D. all are correct

D. all are correct

Which of the following is NOT required for evolution by natural selection? A. Variation B. Heritability (offspring resemble parents) C. Differential survival or reproduction D. All of the other answers are required

D. all of the other answers are required

Which of the following actions would affect the secondary, but not primary, structure of a protein? A. disrupt the interactions between two different polypeptide chains B. change the sequence of amino acids C. break the ionic bonds between amino acids D. break the hydrogen bonds between amino acids

D. break the hydrogen bonds between amino acids

The start codon always codes for the amino acid: A. valine B. the amino acid varies depending on the function of the protein isoleucine C. leucine D. methionine

D. methionine (AUG)

The bond between adjacent amino acids in a polypeptide is called a ______ bond. A. amino-carboxyl B. hydro-ionic C. phosphodiester D. peptide E. primary

D. peptide

Splicing refers to: A. the process during transcription termination when RNA polymerase releases from the template DNA strand B. the process during transcription elongation when DNA nucleotides are replaced with RNA nucleotides C. the process during transcription initiation when a transcription bubble is opened D. the process after transcription when introns are removed and exons are attached to each other

D. the process after transcription when introns are removed and axons are attached to each other

Which one of the following components of an amino acid differs from one amino acid to another? A. the central carbon atom B. the carboxyl group C. the hydrogen atom opposite the R group D. the side chain (R group) E. the amino group

D. the side chain (R group)

Which of the following are two critical regions of a tRNA molecule? A. ribosome binding site and 5' cap B. stop codon and Shine-Dalgarno sequence C. anticodon loop and ribosome binding site D. amino acid attachment site and start codon E. amino acid attachment site and anticodon loop

E. amino acid attachment site and anticodon loop

_____ separates double stranded DNA into single strands, while _____ relieves the coiling tension this causes. A. Gyrase; helicase B. Helicase; primase C. Primase; gyrase D. Primase; helicase E. Helicase; gyrase

E. helicase; gyrase

Which of the following prevents double-stranded DNA that's been separated into single-stranded DNA from re-forming H-bonds between bases and becoming double-stranded again? A. primase B. helicase C. gyrase D. ligase E. single-stranded binding proteins

E. single-stranded binding proteins