BIOL 1101 Midterm

Cancer can be spread from person to person.

False

Cancer can only occur in specific cells in the body.

False

The risk of dying from cancer in the United States is increasing?

False

There is currently a cure for cancer but the medical industry won't tell the public bout it because they make so much money treating cancer patients.

False

Treating cancer with surgery can cause it to spread throughout the body.

False

What someone does as a young adult has little effect on their chance of getting cancer later in life?

False

Cancer can be effectively treated.

True

Cancer cells can be distinguished from normal cells because of their abnormal growth.

True

Cancer develops because of abnormal gene functions.

True

Cancer is a group of over 100 diseases.

True

Using the same independent and dependent variables as in the first experiment, researchers could extend the studies to test which of the following hypotheses? Select the TWO answers that rare correct. a. Caffeine does not improve memory function in women age 20 to 40 b. Caffeine improves memory function in elderly people when consumed at least two hours before testing c. Young adults between the ages of 18 and 25 or less likely to drink coffee then elderly adults d. Antioxidant rich foods improve memory function in men and women over the age of 65 e. The risk of developing cancer and advanced age increases with caffeine consumption

a. Caffeine does not improve memory function in women age 20 to 40 b. Caffeine improves memory function in elderly people when consumed at least two hours before testing

Which statement describes a correlation between two variables? a. Correct correlated variables are interdependent as one varies so does the other in a predictable fashion b. Correlated variables demonstrate causality; change in the independent variables direct change in the dependent variable. c. Correlated variables are dependent; how they change as predicted by change in a third unknown variable d. Correlated variables are independent; how one varies does not have an effect on how the other varies e. Correlated variables strongly implied or change is caused by a third, perhaps unknown variable

a. Correct correlated variables are interdependent as one varies so does the other in a predictable fashion CHECK!!!

How are eukaryotic cells different from prokaryotic cells? Select the TWO answers that are correct. a. Eukaryotic cells have organelles, where as prokaryotic cells do not b. Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells c. Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus, whereas eukaryotic cells do not d. Eukaryotic cells have ribosomes, whereas prokaryotic cells do not e. Prokaryotic cells use RNA, whereas eukaryotic cells use DNA

a. Eukaryotic cells have organelles, where as prokaryotic cells do not b. Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells

Polar bears rely on Arctic ice sheets and icebergs on the surface of water as a part of their habitat. How would the habitat of polar bears be affected if solid water was more dense than liquid water? a. Ice would sink rather than float, so there would be no ice sheets or ice bergs b. Water would be unable to freeze at all, causing the total loss of polar bear habitat c. Permanent ice would form on the surface, creating more habitat for polar bears d. Water would stay liquid over a wider temperature range, limiting ice formation e. Water would become polar, causing it to freeze more solidlly and melt less easily

a. Ice would sink rather than float, so there would be no ice sheets or ice bergs

Why do salt crystals form in a pan of seawater from which the water has been evaporated? a. In the absence of water, sodium and chloride form ionic bonds and aggregate into crystals b. In the absence of water, chloride donates electrons to sodium and compounds aggregate into crystals c. In the absence of water, sodium and chloride share electrons in a stable bond that permits crystal formation d. In the absence of water, sodium and chloride form hydrogen bonds and aggregate into crystals e. In the absence of water, sodium and chloride form covalent bonds and aggregate into crystals

a. In the absence of water, sodium and chloride form ionic bonds and aggregate into crystals

Where are the protons, neutrons, and electrons located in an atom? a. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, and electrons are located in orbitals b. Protons, electrons, and neutrons are located in the nucleus, and energy is located to orbitals c. Electrons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, and protons are located in the orbitals d. Protons and electrons are located in the nucleus, and neutrons are located in orbitals e. Electrons and neutrons are located in orbitals, and protons are located in the nucleus

a. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, and electrons are located in orbitals

Anna is majoring in public health. She is designing an epidemiological Study to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and academic performance at her university. In addition to ensuring that she has a large enough sample size, what strategy should she take to make sure her conclusions are accurate? a. Randomly survey a group of participants that are a representative of the general student body b. Give the surveys out to members of the student groups known for throwing the wildest parties on campus c. Target the surveys to the students that are involved in the designated driver campaign on campus d. Give the survey to students that are most likely to respond because they carry a smaller course load e. Hand out the survey only to friends and to fellow students enrolled in the public health care class

a. Randomly survey a group of participants that are a representative of the general student body

What characteristics does a scientific hypothesis have? Select TWO answers that are correct. a. The hypothesis could be proven false b. The hypothesis contains a supernatural element c. The hypothesis has already been proven correct d. The hypothesis is something that can be tested e. The hypothesis is based on an opinion

a. The hypothesis could be proven false d. The hypothesis is something that can be tested

Which task do water vacuoles and cell walls both perform in plant cells? So that the TWO answers that are correct. a. keep plant upright b. maintain cell shape c. protect from bacteria d. magnify visible light e. absorb UV light

a. keep plant upright b. maintain cell shape

Why are chloroplast essential to the survival of many animals as well as plants? a. Photosynthesis generate protein building blocks essential to animal functioning that cannot be acquired by animals any other way b. Animals do not have chloroplasts and must depend organisms that can photosynthesize the energy they need c. Chloroplast allow both animals and plants to break down organic molecules and use the energy stored in the molecules d. Many animals can only produce their own energy after they have consumed sufficient photosynthetic chloroplasts e. Chloroplast are rich in fats and lipids that are generated by photosynthesis satisfying energy requirements of many animals

b. Animals do not have chloroplasts and must depend organisms that can photosynthesize the energy they need

Why is sample size important? a. Legitimate scientific studies can be performed using only a large sample size b. Larger sample size increases the likelihood that the results of a study are not due to random chance c. Relationships between variables can be determined only using a large sample size d. Researchers will always draw the right conclusions about a set of data if the sample size is large enough e. Statistical significance is best achieved with a small sample sizE

b. Larger sample size increases the likelihood that the results of a study are not due to random chance

Which statements describes the structure of cell membrane? select TWO answers a. The cell membrane is composed of a bilayer of FASFA proteins, each of which contains a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail b. The hydrophilic head interacts with the external environment of a cytoplasm and hydrophobic tail interacts with other phospholipid tails within the cell membrane c. The hydrophilic head interacts with proteins embedded in the membrane, and the hydrophobic tail interact with the external environment or the cytoplasm d. The cell membrane is composed of a single layer of phospholipids, each of which contains a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail e. The cell membrane is composed of a bilayer of phospholipids, each of which contains a hydrophilic head in a hydrophobic tail

b. The hydrophilic head interacts with the external environment of a cytoplasm and hydrophobic tail interacts with other phospholipid tails within the cell membrane e. The cell membrane is composed of a bilayer of phospholipids, each of which contains a hydrophilic head in a hydrophobic tail

How does the molecular structure of water molecular effect its polarity? a. The oxygen has a partial positive charge and the hydrogens have a partial negative charge. b. The oxygen has a partial negative charge and the hydrogens have a partial positive charge. c. The oxygen and hydrogen rapidly exchange electrons in their outermost energy shell, producing structures that can form hydrogen bonds. d. The oxygen takes an electron from each hydrogen, yielding a negatively charged oxygen and two positively charged hydrogens that can form hydrogen bonds. e. The oxygen donates an electron to each hydrogen, yielding a positively charged oxygen and two negatively charged hydrogens that can form hydrogen bonds.

b. The oxygen has a partial negative charge and the hydrogens have a partial positive charge. CHECK!!!

How do you penicillin and similar antibiotics affect prokaryotic cells? a. These antibiotics interfere with the action of prokaryotic ribosomes which disrupts proper cell membrane formation, resulting in cell death b. These antibiotics disrupt the formation of the cell walls so it cannot counteract osmotic pressure in a hypotonic environment, resulting in cell lysis c. These antibiotics disrupt the formation of the cell wall so it cannot contract as mark pressure in a hypotonic environment, resulting in cell lysis d. These antibiotics strap the formation of the cell membrane so it cannot counteract osmotic pressure in the hypotonic environment, resulting in cell lysis e. These antibiotics interfere with the action of prokaryotic ribosomes so normal proteins synthesis cannot occur, resulting in cell death

b. These antibiotics disrupt the formation of the cell walls so it cannot counteract osmotic pressure in a hypotonic environment, resulting in cell lysis CHECK

How do streptomycin and similar antibiotics affect prokaryotic cells? a. These antibiotics interfere with cell wall formation b. These antibiotics interfere with protein synthesis c. These antibiotics interfere with peptidoglycan formation These antibiotics interfere with cell membrane integrity These antibiotics interfere with DNA replication

b. These antibiotics interfere with protein synthesis

What functions do membrane proteins serve? a. Synthesizes phospholipids for the maintenance and growth of the cell membrane b. Transport nutrients into the cell that cannot otherwise cross the phospholipid bilayer c. Transport waste out of the cell that cannot otherwise cross the cell membrane d. Prevent small, and charge substances from crossing the phospholipid bilayer e. Synthesize DNA within a cell using raw materials found outside the cell

b. Transport nutrients into the cell that cannot otherwise cross the phospholipid bilayer

Which statement describes a hydrogen bond between two water molecules? a. a weak bond in which the oxygen atom of one molecule takes an electron away from the hydrogen atom of another water molecule b. a weak bond between the slightly negatived oxygen atom of one water molecule and the slightly positive hydrogen atom of another water molecule c. a weak bond between the slightly positive oxygen atom of one water molecule and the slightly negative hydrogen atoms of another water molecule d. a weak bond in which the oxygen atom of one molecule stably shares the electrons with the hydrogen atom of another water molecule e. a weak bond in which the oxygen atom of one molecule donates an electron to the hydrogen atom of another water molecule

b. a weak bond between the slightly negatived oxygen atom of one water molecule and the slightly positive hydrogen atom of another water molecule CHECK

Which trait is NOT a functional characteristic of all living things? a. Sense and respond to stimuli b. protect self from predators c. grow and reproduce d. maintain homeostasis e. acquire and consume energy

b. protect self from predators

What determines the identity of a particular atom? Select TWO answers that are correct. a. total number of neutrons in orbitals b. total number of electrons in orbitals c. number of protons and number of neutrons in the nucleus d. number of protons in the outermost energy shell e. number of electrons in the innermost energy shell

b. total number of electrons in orbitals c. number of protons and number of neutrons in the nucleus

Which statements describe the relationship between correlation and causation? Select TWO answers that are correct a. When a correlation has a high probability, is strongly implies causation b. Strong correlations among variables are evidence of causation by the independent variable c. Either variable might be the cause, or both variables might be influenced by a third unknown variable d. Correlation alone is not sufficient evidence to attribute causation e. Went to fat variables correlate, it strongly implies a third unknown variable is the causal factor

c. Either variable might be the cause, or both variables might be influenced by a third unknown variable d. Correlation alone is not sufficient evidence to attribute causation

What characteristics make a particular molecule organic? Select the TWO answers that are correct. a. a carbon-oxygen bond b. presence of carbon c. a carbon backbone d. a carbon-nitrogen bond e. a carbon-hydrogen bond

c. a carbon backbone e. a carbon-hydrogen bond

What did researchers conclude about how caffeine consumption affects memory function from the experiment? a. Decaffeinated coffee worsens memory function in elderly people b. Caffeine has no Effect on memory function in elderly people c. Elderly people have poor memory function in the afternoon as compared to young adults d. Caffeine improves memory function in elderly people e. Elderly people should drink coffee in the afternoon to boost memory function

d. Caffeine improves memory function in elderly people

Why are eukaryotic cells unaffected by streptomycin and similar antibiotics? a. Eukaryotic cells are unaffected by these antibiotics because eukaryotic cells lack cell walls b. Eukaryotic cells are unaffected by these antibiotics because a cell walls do not contain Peptidoglycan c. Eukaryotic DNA replication is not disrupted because these antibiotics do not disrupt the enzymes used to produce eukaryotic DNA d. Eukaryotic protein synthesis is not as rapid because these antibiotics do not disrupt eukaryotic ribosomal activity e. Eukaryotic cells have organelles called lysosomes that engulf and break down these types of antibiotics

d. Eukaryotic protein synthesis is not as rapid because these antibiotics do not disrupt eukaryotic ribosomal activity

How does the DNA of prokaryotic cells differ from the DNA of eukaryotic cells? a. Prokaryotic DNA is composed of four nucleotides, whereas eukaryotic DNA is composed of five nucleotides b. Prokaryotic DNA is bound by an organelle, where as you correct your day is free floating in the cytoplasm c. Prokaryotic DNA has a linear structure, whereas eukaryotic DNA has a circular, closed loop structure d. Prokaryotic DNA is contained in the cytoplasm, where is eukaryotic DNA is contained in the nucleus e. Prokaryotic DNA is protected by a cell membrane, whereas eukaryotic DNA is protected by cell wall

d. Prokaryotic DNA is contained in the cytoplasm, where is eukaryotic DNA is contained in the nucleus

Which example describes the set-up of a controlled experiment? a. Researchers collect lifestyle data from fifty questionnaires submitted by subjects with the same disease. b. Twenty subjects with knee pain receive the same treatment to relieve joint pain. c. A doctor treats one subject for a disease and observes how quickly the patient recovers. d. Ten subjects receive a new drug and another ten subjects receive a sugar pill. e. Fifteen subjects with the common cold take a cold medicine and answer questions about its effects.

d. Ten subjects receive a new drug and another ten subjects receive a sugar pill.

How does the cell wall protect prokaryotic cells in a hypotonic solution? a. Because cells travel in a hypotonic environment, the bacterial cell wall counteracts the inward osmotic pressure pressure and prevents the cell from being crushed b. Because sells well in a hypotonic environment, the bacterial cell wall counteracts the N-word osmotic process and prevents the cell from being crushed c. Because cells travel in a hypotonic environment, the bacterial cell wall counteracts the outward osmotic process and prevents the cell from bursting d. Because cells are asthmatically balance in a hypotonic environment, the cell wall allows water flow back-and-forth, continuing to maintain the osmotic balance e. Because cells swell in a hypotonic environment, the bacterial cell wall counteracts the outward osmotic pressure and prevents the cell from bursting

e. Because cells swell in a hypotonic environment, the bacterial cell wall counteracts the outward osmotic pressure and prevents the cell from bursting

What makes ice less dense than water? a. Covalent bonds within water molecules expand when solid b. Hydrogen donates electrons to oxygen as freezing occurs c. Nuclear forces form expansive crystals as freezing occurs d. Ionic bonds between water molecules expand when solid e. Hydrogen bonds between water molecules expand when solid

e. Hydrogen bonds between water molecules expand when solid

Which part on an atom forms covalent bonds with other atoms? a. protons in the outermost energy shell b. electrons in the innermost energy shell c. neutrons in the outermost energy shell d. protons in the innermost energy shell e. electrons in the outermost energy shell

e. electrons in the outermost energy shell