BIOL 1A Chpt 7 (M2)

In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?

NADH and pyruvate

Cellular respiration produces the most energy in the form of ATP from which of the following?

oxidative phosphorylation

During glycolysis, glucose is broke down into

pyruvate

Some bacteria can use sulfur instead of oxygen as a final electron acceptor. What would they produce during anaerobic respiration? A. H2S B. H2O C. O2 D. S2

A. H2S

If you measure the air a person inhale you observe that the concentrations ___ in the air they exhale A. O2 fall and CO2 rises B. O2 rises and CO2 falls C. both O2 and CO2 rise D. both O2 and CO2 fall

A. O2 falls and CO2 rises

When acetyl CoA containing radioactively labeled carbon atoms is fed to cells, the CO2 produced is not initially radioactive. However, molecules of citrate and oxaloacetate are radioactive. Only after some time has passed will radioactive CO2 released. What is the best explanation for this observation? A. acetyl groups are not metabolized directly into CO2, but enter a cyclical metabolic B. acetyl groups are not metabolized directly into CO2, but enter a linear metabolic pathway C. acetyl groups are metabolized directly into CO2 D. acetyl groups first combine with citrate and oxaloacetate before being metabolized into COW

A. acetyl groups are not metabolized directly into CO2, but enter a cyclical metabolic pathway

High-energy electrons from molecules of NADH and FADH2 are transferred to a chain of proteins within the electron transport chain. What is the final protein in the electron transport chain? A. cytochrome c B. oxygen C. CO2 D. NAD+ E ubiquinone

A. cytochrome c

The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA is irreversible. predict what would happen to fatty acids as a result of this. A. fatty acids cannot be converted into carbohydrates B. fatty acids cannot be metabolized in citric acid cycle C. fatty acids can be metabolized in glycolysis D. fatty acids can be converted into carbohydrates

A. fatty acids cannot be converted into carbohydrates

Which occurs only in anaerobic metabolism of glucose? A. lactate fermentation B. glycolysis C. acetyl CoA formation D. oxidative phosphorylation E. citric acid cycle

A. lactate fermentation

How many net ATP and NADH molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis? A. 2 ATP 6NADH B. 2 ATP 2NADH C 0 ATP 6 NADH D. 3 ATP 4 NADH E 4 ATP 2 NADH

B. 2 ATP 2 NADH

How many ATP and NADH molecules are produced from each molecule of glucose in the citric acid cycle only? A. 1 ATP 2 NADH B. 2 ATP, 6 NADH C. 0 ATP, 6 NADH D. 3 ATP, 4 NADH E. 4 ATP, 2NADH

B. 2 ATP, 6NADH

In citric acid cycle, succinate is oxidize to form A. malate B. fumarate C. succinate D. oxaloacetate E. citrate

B. fumarate

The enzymes responsible for converting pyruvate to acetyl CoA is called A. hexokinase B. pyruvate dehydrogenase C. peptidase D. ATP synthase E. pyruvate oxidase

B. pyruvate dehydrogenase

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain in cell respiration is CORRECT? A. the electron transport chain of proteins contains pores that are leaky to protons B. loss in free energy of electron initially donated by NADH is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane against its electrochemical gradient C. ATP synthase generates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane D. electrons move from NADH to a chain of proteins with lower electronegativities E. electron transport chain of proteins use ATP to pump protons across the inner mitochondria membrane against its electrochemical gradient

B. the loss in free energy of the electron initially donated by NADH is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane against its electrochemical gradient

Which would be TRUE if an inhibitor blocked the activity of mitochondrial ATP synthase? A. the pH in the space between the mitochondrial membranes would decrease B. the pH in the space between the mitochondrial membranes would increase C. ATP synthesis would increase D. oxygen consumption would decrease E. the concentration of NADH would increase

B. the pH in the space between the mitochondrial membranes would increase

The reaction of ethanol fermentation is: pyruvate + NADH -> ethanol + CO2 + NAD+. Why would a yeast need to perform this reaction in the absence of oxygen? A. to produce CO2 for respiration B. to produce NAD+ allowing glycolysis to continue C. to produce NAD+ allowing the electron transport chain to run D. NADH is necessary to reduce pyruvate to lactate E. to consume excess pyruvate that cannot enter the Krebs cycle

B. to produce NAD+ allowing glycolysis to continue

Which of the following are produced during the citric acid cycle? A. proton gradient B. oxygen C. ATP, NADH, FADH2 D. ATP and NAD+ E. Pyruvate, ATP, NADH

C. ATP, NADH, FADH2

When scientists placed ATP synthase linked to fluorescent actin on a microscope slide and added ATP, the actin could be seen spinning. If the scientists instead added ADP what would happen? A. actin would spin when ADP is phosphorylated to form ATP B. actin would not spin because only ATP can move through the channel in ATP synthase C. actin would not spin because it required ATP hydrolysis D. acting would spin because ADP can also move through the channel in ATP synthase

C. actin would not spin because it required ATP hydrolysis

When scientists placed ATP synthase linked to fluorescent actin on a microscope slide and added ATOP, the actin could be seen spinning counterclockwise. If the experiment could be replicated in a cell going through oxidative phosphorylation what would happen? A. actin would spin clockwise because ATP would be hydrolyzed B. actin would spin counterclockwise because ATP would be produced instead of hydrolyzed C. actin would spin clockwise because ATP would be produced instead of hydrolyzed D. actin would spin counterclockwise because ATP would by hydrolyzed

C. actin would spin clockwise because ATP would be produced instead of hydolyzed

Which compound has the highest free energy and produces the most ATP per molecule when oxidized? A. pyruvate B. acetyl CoA C. glucose D. carbon E. lactate

C. glucose

The formation of each pyruvate in glycolysis also produces a net of 2 NADH and 2 ATP. However, each metabolism of glucose produces a net of 4 NADH and 4 ATP. How is this explained? A. glucose is metabolized by a different, more efficient pathway than pyruvate B. pyruvate can also be fermented, which decreases the energy produced C> glucose is cleaved into 2 3 carbon sugars that are metabolized into pyruvate D. energy is added to glucose which increase the amount of ATP produced per glucose molecule

C. glucose is cleaved into 2 3 carbon sugars that are metabolized into pyruvate

Where are the protein complexes associated with the electron transport chain located? A. mitochondrial matrix B. mitochondrial membrane C. mitochondrial inner membrane D. mitochondrial intermembrane space E. cytosol

C. mitochondrial inner memebrane

In the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + NAD+ -> acetyl CoA + CO2 + NADH A. pyruvate is reduce and NAD+ is oxidized B. pyruvate is reduced and CoA is oxidized C. pyruvate is oxidized and NAD+ is reduced D. pyruvate is oxidized and CoA is reduced

C. pyruvate is oxidized and NAD+ is reduced

The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by A. photophosphorylation B. oxidation of NADH to NAD+ C. substrate-level phosphorylation D. chemiosmosis E. electron transport

C. substrate-level phosphorylation

If glucose was not phosphorylated in the first few reactions of glycolysis which of the following would occur? A. the reactions in glycolysis following the phosphorylation would not be endergonic B. too much energy would be produced by glycolysis C. the reactions in glycolysis following the phosphorylation would not be exergonic D. fermentation would occur to produce NADH E. fermentation would occur to produce pyruvate

C. the reactions in glycolysis following the phosphorylation would not be exergonic

In a PET scan a patient is injected with radioactively labeled glucose. Cancer cells are often in a hypoxic environment, why would this lead to an increase in glucose uptake? A. because they require more oxygen to metabolize glucose B. more energy is produced from glucose in hypoxic conditions C. they rely more on glycolysis which is less efficient than oxidative phosphorylation D. enzymes function more efficiently in the absence of oxygen E. They rely more oxidative phosphorylation which is less efficiently than glycolysis

C. they rely more on glycolysis which is less efficient than oxidative phosphorylation

During the cleavage stage of glycolysis, fructose 1,6 biphosphate is broken down into A. 2 molecules ATP B. 2 molecules pyruvate C. glucose D. 2 molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate E. citric acid

D. 2 molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Which of the following are the final by products of glucose oxidation during aerobic cell respiration? A. carbon dioxide only B. ATP only C. both ATP and heat only D. ATP, heat and carbon dioxide E. heat only

D. ATP, heat, CO2

Bacteria that produce nitrite (NO2-) during anaerobic respiration would use ___ as their final electron acceptor A. N2 B. N2O C. O2 D. NO3-

D. NO3-

Which of the statements is true? A. oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria matrix B. glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria inner membrane C. citric acid cycle occurs in cytosol D. citric acid cycle occurs in mitochondria matrix E. electron transport chain and ATP synthase are in cytosol

D. citric acid cycle occurs in mitochondria matrix

When heart muscles cells are deprived of oxygen, the heart still pumps. What must the heart cells be able to do? A. transform lactate back to pyruvate B. remove oxygen from lactate C. remove lactate from the blood D. derive sufficient energy from fermentation E. continue aerobic metabolism when skeletal muscle cannot

D. derive sufficient energy from fermentation

Sports physiologist at an Olympic training center wanted to monitor athletes to determine at what point their muscles were functioning anaerobically. they could do this by checking for the buildup of which molecule? A. ATP B. ADP C. oxygen D. lactate E. carbon dioxide

D. lactate

Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump proton ions into which location? A. cytosol B. mitochondrial inner membrane C. mitochondrial matrix D. mitochondrial intermembrane space E. mitochondrial outer membrane

D. mitochondrial intermembrane space

In citric acid cycle, malate is oxidized to form A. citrate B. funarate C. succinate D. oxaloacetate E. malate

D. oxaloacetate

The reaction: pyruvate + CoA + NAD+ -> acetyl CoA + CO2 + NADH, is catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase. IF an inhibitor of this enzyme was added to cells ____ levels in the cytoplasm would increase A. NAD+ B. acetyl CoA C. CoA D. Pyruvate

D. pyruvate

In the citric acid cycle, some intermediates are used in other metabolic reactions. Which of the following adaptations would need to be need to be made by a cell in response to this? A. The citric acid cycle would eventually shut down when it ran out of intermediates and the cell would switch to glycolysis B. cells would have to use energy sources other than glucose for metabolism C. some citrate would need to be produced through an alternative pathway to combine with acetyl CoA D. some oxaloactete would need to be produced through an alternative pathway to combine with acetyl CoA

D. some oxaloacetate would need to be produced through an alternative pathway to combine with acetyl CoA

Assuming that the glycerol backbone of a fat molecule can be converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an intermediate in glycolysis, how many ATP can be produced from the glycerol backbone of a fat molecule? A. 2 B. 36 C. 8 D. 12 E. 18

E. 18

If an athlete is burning glucose only, predict the ratio of oxygen consumed to carbon dioxide that will be produced. (glucose + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O) A. 6:1 B. 1:2 C. 1:6 D. 2:1 E. 1:1

E. 1:1

In a PET scan a patient is injected with radioactively labeled glucose. Why would cancer cells take up more of the radioactive glucose than surrounding non-cancerous tissues? A. Because they are more sensitive to radiation B. Because they rely more on oxidative phosphorylation than glycolysis to produce ATP C. Because they require more oxygen to metabolize glucose D. Because they are less sensitive to radiation E. Because the produce more enzymes found in glycolysis

E. Because the produce more enzymes found in glycolysis

Which of the following statements is TRUE of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration? A. both produce either lactic acid or ethanol as a byproduct B. both produce NADH as high energy intermediates and both produce either lactic acid or ethanol as a bioproduct C. both produce NADH as high energy intermediates D. both use glycolysis to oxidize glucose to pyruvate E. both use glycolysis to oxidize glucose to pyruvate and both produce NADH as high-energy intermediates

E. both use glycolysis to oxidize glucose to pyruvate ad both produce NADH as high energy intermediates

In citric acid cycle, the acetyl group is removed from acetyl CoA and attached to oxaloacetate to form A. succinate B. malate C. fumarate D. oxaloacetate E. citrate

E. citrate

T/F Substrate phosphorylation occurs when protons pass through ATP synthase and combine with oxygen to make water

False

T/F during the energy investment phase of glycolysis, glucose has a decrease in free energy

False

T/F fermentation is more efficient form of energy production than aerobic respiration

False

T/F in prokaryotic cells, the electron transport system occurs in the mitochondria

False

T/F oxygen is an excellent final electron acceptor because of its low electronegativity

False

T/F the proton motive force requires the proton concentration is lower in the intermembrane space than inside matrix

False

In the equation, glucose + 6 O2 -> 6 CO2 + 6 H20 , ATP and head would be on which side of the reaction

The productions because this is an exergonic reaction

T/F Glycolysis involves 10 enzyme-catalyzed steps, that can be grouped into 3 phases: energy investment phase, cleavage phase, and energy liberation phase

True

T/F The electron transport chain consists of a series of redox reactions in which electrons are transferred to oxygen as the final electron acceptor

True

T/F if oxygen is present, pyruvate will be converted to acetyl CoA in the mitochondrial matrix

True

T/F proteins and fats may be used as energy sources to drive aerobic respiration

True

T/F when a molecule of NAD+ gains a hydrogen atom, the molecule becomes reduced

True

The equation, glucose + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O (ATP + Heat), describes which of the following processes

cell respiration

Where does glycolysis take place?

cytosol

Which of the following do yeast produce during fermentation

ethanol

T/F The ability of bread to rise is mainly a function of the CO2 produced anaerobically during oxidative phosphorylation

false

T/F the aerobic breakdown of glucose yields 34-38 ATP, while the anaerobic breakdown of glucose yields 20 ATP

false

Which of the following processes would occur in the presence or absence of oxygen?

glycolysis