BIOL BB Quizes

The composition of the secretions of the eccrine glands is:

99% water, sodium chloride, and trace amounts of wastes, lactic acid, and vitamin C.

Which of the following statements concerning the periosteum of a bone is not true? The periosteum consists of an outer dense connective tissue layer and an inner osteogenic layer. All bone in the body is covered by periosteum. Periosteum is important for bone growth in width. The periosteum provides strong attachment and continuity from tendon to bone. Blood vessels enter bone through periosteum.

All bone in the body is covered by periosteum.

Bursae may be located in all but which of the following areas? Tendon sheaths Beneath the skin covering a bone Around blood vessels Within connective tissue exposed to friction or pressure Around most synovial joints

Around blood vessels

____________ is/are formed partly from the secretions of glands in the external ear canal.

Cerumen

What bone articulates with the coxa at the acetabulum? Fibula Humerus Sacrum Femur Tibia

Femur

Which of the following statements best describes what fingernails actually are? Fingernails are a modification of the epidermis. Fingernails are derived from osseous tissue. Fingernails are extensions of the carpal bones. Fingernails are a separate tissue from the skin, formed from a different embryonic layer.

Fingernails are a modification of the epidermis.

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system? Protection Blood cell production Hormone production Support Storage

Hormone production

Which of the following factors is not believed to affect bone growth? Exercise and gravity Genetic factors Stimulation by hormones such as growth hormone, testosterone, thyroid hormone, and estrogen Increased intake of carbohydrates (carb loading) Diet deficiencies in vitamins D and C, and minerals such as calcium

Increased intake of carbohydrates (carb loading)

Which of the following is not a function of synovial fluid? Lubrication Protects articular cartilages Increases osmotic pressure within joint Shock absorption Provides nutrients

Increases osmotic pressure within joint

Water loss through the epidermis could cause a serious threat to health and well-being. Which of the following protects us against excessive water loss through the skin? Lamellated granules of the cells of the stratum granulosum, a glycolipid that is secreted into extracellular spaces. The size and shape of the cells that make up the stratum spinosum, as well as the thick bundles of intermediate filaments. The dermis is the thickest portion of the skin and water cannot pass through it. Fat associated with skin prevents water loss.

Lamellated granules of the cells of the stratum granulosum, a glycolipid that is secreted into extracellular spaces.

Which of the following cutaneous receptors is specialized for the reception of touch or light pressure? Meissner's corpuscles Pacinian corpuscles free nerve endings Krause's end bulbs

Meissner's corpuscles

Which of the following are not steps in the formation of a long bone, such as the femur? A periosteal bone collar around the primary ossification center is produced by cells that have differentiated from perichondrium. The femur becomes ossified after birth when the cartilage turns into bone. Secondary ossification centers arise in the diaphysis of the femur. The chondrocytes differentiate into osteocytes. Hyaline cartilage forms a miniature model of the adult femur in the fetus.

Secondary ossification centers arise in the diaphysis of the femur.

Keratinocytes arise from stem cells in the

Stratum basale

Keratinocytes in the __________________ are filled with keratin, lack a nucleus, and are no longer alive.

Stratum corneum

The epidermal water barrier is a product of the actions of keratinocytes as they move through the

Stratum granulosum

Keratinocytes in the ___________ may undergo cell division to increase in abundance.

Stratum spinosum

Despite its apparent durability, the dermis is subject to tearing. How might a person know that the dermis has been stretched and/or torn?

The appearance of visible, silvery-white scars is an indication of stretching of the dermis.

How would increasing the proportion of organic molecules to inorganic components in the bony matrix affect the physical characteristics of bone?

The bones would be more flexible.

A major difference between bone tissue and other connective tissues lies in which of the following? The inability of bone cells to metabolize nutrients for energy The presence of collagen fibers in bone The limited blood supply available to bone tissue The composition of the intercellular substance of bone The presence of elastic fibers in bone

The composition of the intercellular substance of bone

Changes in the color of skin are often an indication of a homeostatic imbalance. Which of the following changes would suggest that a patient is suffering from Addison's disease?

The skin takes on a bronze or metallic appearance.

_____________ burns involve the epidermis, all of the dermis, and often some deeper tissue.

Third-degree

Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of ____________________.

a cartilage model

A pilus is

a hair

The major function of the intervertebral discs is to:

absorb shock.

Melanocytes and keratinocytes work together in protecting the skin from UV damage because the role of the keratinocytes is to:

accumulate the melanin granules on their superficial portion, forming a pigment that protects DNA from UV radiation.

A movement towards the midline of the body is called ____________________.

adduction

Hypodermis usually has an abundance of in this tissue.

adipose tissue

The function of the root hair plexus is to:

allow the hair to assist in touch sensation

intracellular receptors can be activated by

any type of signaling molecule as long as it can pass through he phospholipid bilayer

The ___ are a source of sex pheromones

apocrine glands

Melanocytes:

are spidery-shaped cells in contact with cells in the stratum basale.

The dermal papillae of the skin consist of

areolar connective tissue.

The "ABCD rule" for recognizing early signs of malignant melanoma refers to the following characteristics of the lesion: asymmetry, border irregularity, color, and diameter asymmetry, brightness, color, and diameter aspect, brightness, color, and distance aspect, border irregularity, color, and distance area, border irregularity, color, and density

asymmetry, border irregularity, color, and diameter

which of the following tend to travel shorter distance to reach their target cells? paracrines and autocrines autocrines neurotransmitters hormones and neurotransmitter autocrines, paracrines, neurotransmitter

autocrines, paracrines, neurotransmitter

Which of these joint types affords multiaxial movement?

ball and socket

Basal cell carcinoma initially affects cells of the stratum __________, whereas malignant melanoma arises from ___________.

basale; melanocytes

Intramembranous ossification ____________________.

begins within a connective tissue membrane

Elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone ____________________.

calcitonin

Osteocytes maintain contact with the blood vessels of the central canal through ____________________.

canaliculi

Which of the following statements defines synchondroses? amphiarthrotic joints designed for strength and flexibility interphalangeal joints joints that permit angular movements cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones

cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones

Which of the following statements defines synchondroses? cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones amphiarthrotic joints designed for strength and flexibility interphalangeal joints joints that permit angular movements cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones

cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones

The ________ gland is a modified sudoriferous gland that secretes wax.

ceruminous

The two types of osseous tissue are ____________________.

compact and spongy bone

During fetal development intramembranous ossification takes place in ____________________.

connective tissue membranes

The reticular layer of the dermis

contains hair follicles and sweat glands.

A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order?

corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit anterior/posterior movement are called:

cruciate ligaments.

The papillary layer of the dermis is connective tissue heavily invested with blood vessels. The superior surface has structures called:

dermal papillae.

A fracture in the shaft of a bone would occur in the ____________________.

diaphysis

Nutrients reach the surface of the skin (epidermis) through the process of:

diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis.

The process of bone growth at the epiphyseal plate is similar to ____________________.

endochondral ossification

The narrow zone of dead skin overhanging the proximal end of a nail is called

eponychium (cuticle).

Mary is 50 years old. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals that portions of her skeleton show signs of osteoporosis. Her physician suggests hormone therapy after reviewing the test results. What hormone is prescribed for Mary?

estrogen

Variations in hair color arise from the relative amounts of

eumelanin and pheomelanin.

These are all types of cells found in the epidermis except melanocytes. fibroblasts. stem cells. keratinocytes. tactile (Merkel) cells.

fibroblasts

The lateral surface of the knee joint is reinforced by the ______ ligament(s).

fibular collateral

Skin covering the __________ has sweat glands but no hair follicles or sebaceous (oil) glands.

fingertips

Nodding your head up and down is an example of ____________________.

flexion and extension.

The most immediate threat to the life of a patient with severe burns is

fluid loss.

The membranous areas between the cranial bones of the fetal skull are called:

fontanels

The intercarpal articulations are _________ joints.

gliding or plane

If a splinter penetrated the skin into the third epidermal layer of the sole of the foot, which cells would be damaged?

granulosum

When cartilage is produced at the epiphyseal side of the metaphysis at the same rate as bone is deposited on the opposite side, bones ____________________.

grow longer

The _________ provides the hair with its sole source of nutrition.

hair papilla

The contraction of the piloerector muscles (pilomotor muscle or arrector pili) in humanscauses

hairs to stand on end with no apparent function.

Long bones differ from flat bones in that long bones ____________________.

have epiphyses

The skin discoloration most likely to suggest physical abuse is

hematoma

The reddish color of the skin of the lips is primarily due to this pigment.

hemoglobin

Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint?

hinge joint

Excessive hairiness is called

hirsutism

it is feasible for a paracrine to also function as a _____ depending upon the delivery mechanism

hormone

Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of: flexion. extension. hyperextension. circumduction.

hyperextension

The skin does not include the epidermis. the papillary layer. the hypodermis. the stratum basale. the dermis.

hypodermis

Apocrine glands, which begin to function at puberty under hormonal influence, seem not to be useful in thermoregulation. Where would we find these glands in the human body?

in the axillary and groin area

Growth of a cartilage in which the chondrocytes within the matrix become active and proliferate is known as ____________________.

interstitial growth

Bilirubin causes a skin discoloration called

jaundice

Calluses or corns are the result of accelerated multiplication of

keratinocytes

Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include:

lateral and medial collateral ligaments preventing lateral or medial angular movements.

When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone ____________________.

long bones have reached their adult length

The cutaneous glands concerned with cooling the body are

merocrine glands.

the purpose of intercellular signaling is to

modify the activity of the receiving cell

A ___ is an elevated patch of melanized skin.

mole

In a monoaxial articulation ____________________.

movement can occur in only one axis.

Mitosis in the __________ accounts for growth of the nail.

nail matrix

The cells that maintain mature compact bone are ____________________.

osteocytes

A condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function is ____________________.

osteoporosis

This skin color is most likely to result from anemia.

pallor

The ligament that provides support to the front of the knee joint is the ______ ligament.

patellar

When a ballerina points the toes, it is known as:

plantar flexion

Rotation at the proximal radioulnar joint causes the thumb to move from lateral to medial positions. The term for this special type of rotation is ____________________.

pronation

Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to:

provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints.

Ethnic differences in skin color are primarily caused by differences in

quantity of melanin produced.

G proteins

relay ligand stimuli to secondary messengers

The joint at the base of the thumb is an example of a(n) _______ joint.

saddle

The oil of your scalp is secreted by __________ glands associated with the hair follicles.

sebaceous

Acne is a disorder associated with:

sebaceous glands

Menisci refer to:

semilunar cartilage pads.

The joint that permits the greatest range of mobility of any joint in the body is the ________ joint.

shoulder

A joint that is known as a suture is found:

skull only

If a patient was suffering from bursitis, this condition would be designated as inflammation of a(n):

small sac containing fluid.

a receptor protein in he plasma membrane will not bind to just any chemical in the extracellular fluid, but only to certain ones. the receptor exhibits?

specificity

Which two strata of the epidermis are most susceptible to cancer?

spinosum and basale

The fastest rate of mitosis happens in the

stratum basale

This layer of the epidermis consists of up to 30 layers of dead cells.

stratum corneum

Fibrous joints are classified as:

sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

A joint united by dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that permits a slight degree of movement is a:

symphysis

________ are cartilaginous joints.

synchondroses

The epiphyseal growth plate is an example of a(n)

synchondrosis

A fibrous connection such as between the bones of the lower leg is called a ____________________.

syndesmosis

Endochondral and intramembranous are terms that are used to describe ____________________.

the development of bone

The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a ligand is dependent on ________.

the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ

The dermis has two major layers; which of the following constitutes 80% of the dermis and is responsible for the tension lines in the skin?

the reticular layer

The dermis has two major layers; which of the following constitutes 80% of the dermis and is responsible for the tension lines in the skin? the reticular layer the subcutaneous layer the hypodermal layer the papillary layer

the reticular layer

Keratinocytes are the most important of the epidermal cells because:

they produce a fibrous protein that gives the skin its protective properties.

Where do hormones travel?

through the blood

At its distal end the femur articulates with the ____________________.

tibia

Spongy bone contains all of the following except ____________________.

true osteons

which of the following is not a type of intercellular signaling mechanism? vesicle-linked enzyme-linked channel-linked intracellular G-protein-linked

vesicle-linked