Biol Quiz 5

Which of the following is best associated with a coupled reaction? ATP consumes energy from another metabolic reaction. ADP often transfers a phosphate to the reactant. The breakdown of ATP generally releases more energy (and heat) than is needed to power the metabolic reaction. ATP gains a phosphate group during the metabolic reaction. ADP is used up in the metabolic reaction.

The breakdown of ATP generally releases more energy (heat) than is needed to power the metabolic reaction

What function do the carrier proteins embedded in the cell membrane serve? simple diffusion facilitated diffusion endocytosis exocytosis osmosis

facilitated diffusion

The opposite of a turgid plant cell is a hypertonic plant cell. osmotic plant cell. isotonic plant cell. plasmolyzed plant cell. ruptured plant cell.

plasmolyzed plant cell

ATP releases energy when a ribose is added. adenine is removed. a phosphate is removed. deoxyribose is added. sunlight strikes it.

a phosphate is removed

The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in an increase in entropy (disorder). If so, how does photosynthesis, which is an energy transformation, create order rather than disorder? Plants do not obey the second law of thermodynamics. Plants take highly ordered molecules like glucose and break them into smaller disordered molecules like carbon dioxide and water. Plants do not have mitochondria like animals and therefore cannot create disorder. The tree takes in small disordered molecules like carbon dioxide from the air and water from the earth and using solar energy produce highly ordered sugar molecules like glucose. Photosynthesis does not actually create order.

The tree takes in small disordered molecules like carbon dioxide from the air and water from the earth and using solar energy produce highly ordered sugar molecules like glucose.

Which of the following is an example of osmosis? Glucose is transported from our blood stream across cell membranes and into the cytoplasm. Sodium is pumped across a cell to increase its concentration on one side of the cell membrane. The fragrance from a broken bottle of perfume travels throughout the department store. A bacterium in the blood stream is engulfed by a white blood cell. Cells in our kidneys reabsorb water to reduce the amount of water lost in our urine.

cells in our kidneys reabsorb water to reduce the amount of water lost in our urine

When an enzyme is present less energy is needed to bring about a reaction. more energy is needed to bring about a reaction. there is no change in the amount of energy needed to bring about a reaction. no reaction will occur. no energy will be needed at all.

less energy is needed to bring about a reaction

Which of the following is a passive process? facilitated diffusion sodium/potassium pump pinocytosis phagocytosis exocytosis

facilitated diffusion

Which of the following is a mechanism used to regulate enzyme activity? osmosis facilitated diffusion active transport feedback inhibition phagocytosis

feedback inhibition

What process allows water to move across a cell membrane? osmosis active transport phagocytosis facilitated diffusion passive transport

osmosis

Metabolic pathways, which are facilitated by________ begin with a particular________ and terminate with an end________. enzymes; reactant; product reactants; enzyme; product products; enzyme; reactant enzymes; product; reactant product; enzyme; substrate

enzymes- reactant- product

Which of the following terms best describes entropy? order disorder potential energy kinetic energy energy conversions

disorder

What process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions? substrate inhibition pH change ATP blockage feedback inhibition temperature levels

feedback inhibition

During an osmosis experiment in class, you look at some cells under the microscope. You notice the cells look crenated. What type of solution were the cells immersed in? hypotonic isotonic hypertonic diffuse ionic

hypertonic

During an osmosis experiment, you place some plant cells under the microscope. You notice the cells seem very swollen. What type of solution were the cells immersed in? isotonic ionic hypotonic hypertonic salt

hypotonic

Which of the following is an example of simple diffusion? Salting meat serves as a preservative. Vegetables placed in fresh water firm up. A sugar cube dissolves in coffee. Strawberries placed in sugar become syrupy. Eating salty popcorn makes people's lips dry.

a sugar cub dissolves in coffee

The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the feedback site. active site. portal. dock. resting site.

active site

Which form of passive transport allows small noncharged molecules, such as oxygen, to cross the cell membrane? simple diffusion osmosis facilitated diffusion phagocytosis pinocytosis

simple diffusion

What prevents a plant cell from bursting in a hypotonic solution? plasma membrane transport proteins, which help pump the excess water out of the cell the presence of a cell wall water moving out of the cell via aquaporins the presence of chloroplasts

the presence of a cell wall

What is the biological risk of using salt on icy roads in parts of the country that have a cold winter season? The salt has the risk of leeching into the ground and creating a hypertonic environment for plant cells. Plant root cells will grow in excess to try to reach fresh water. Plant cells will take on excess water from the melted ice and become turgid. Salt is in limited supply in the ecosystem and this type of overuse will make it even more so. The deer in these areas have the danger of consuming too much of it as they forage for food.

the salt has the risk of leeching into the fground and creating a hypertonic environment for the plant cells

A tube with a membrane covering the bottom is placed in a beaker. The membrane allows water to flow through but not salt or glucose. The tube contains an aqueous solution with 4% salt and 20% glucose and the beaker contains an aqueous solution with 12% salt and 6% glucose. In terms of osmosis, how would you describe the solution in the tube compared to the solution in the beaker? The solution in the tube is hypertonic to the solution in the beaker. The solution in the tube is hypotonic to the solution in the beaker. The two solutions are isotonic to each other.

the solution in the tube is hypertonic to the solution in the beaker

When a potted houseplant is wilting, the addition of water quickly changes the look of the plant. This can be accounted for by which of the following statements? The water creates a hypertonic environment causing the cells to lose water. The water creates a hypotonic environment causing cells to lose water. The water creates a hypertonic environment causing the cells to gain water. The water creates a hypotonic environment causing the cells to gain water. The water creates an isotonic environment that allows for the cells to neither gain nor lose water.

the water creates a hypotonic environment causing the cells to gain water

In feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind? to the first enzyme in the pathway to the first substrate in the pathway to the first product produced in the pathway to the last enzyme of the pathway to the last substrate in the pathway

to the first enzyme in the pathway

Which energy association is correct? Kinetic energy is a form of potential energy. Water moving down a waterfall is an example of potential energy Energy in the chemical bonds of a molecule is kinetic energy. A fish swimming through the water is an example of kinetic energy. Light energy is a form of chemical energy.

A fish swimming through the water is an example of kinetic energy.

Which one of the following molecules is able to move across the cell membrane by simple diffusion? chloride ions hemoglobin carbon dioxide glucose starch

CO2

Which of the following statements correctly describes an energy transformation in living organisms? Chloroplasts convert solar energy to the chemical energy of nutrient molecules. Mitochondria convert ATP molecules into glucose. Chloroplasts produce CO2 and H2O during photosynthesis. Mitochondria capture solar energy and convert it to oxygen. Chloroplasts burn glucose into ATP molecules during cell respiration.

Chloroplasts convert solar energy to the chemical energy of nutrient molecules

Which statement most accurately describes the second law of thermodynamics? Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy. One usable form of energy can be completely converted into another usable form. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another. Energy can be created or destroyed. Energy can be recycled within an ecosystem.

Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy.

When a car burns gasoline, much of the energy is released in the form of heat. Which of the following best describes this process in relation to the first law of thermodynamics? energy is conserved energy can be changed from one form to another energy is often destroyed all energy comes from the sun energy is always used up in reactions

Energy can be changed from one form to another

Intestinal cells absorb glucose via active transport. What would happen if all the mitochondria within these intestinal cells were destroyed? Glucose absorption would increase. The cells would switch to sucrose. Glucose absorption would decrease. Glucose absorption would not be affected. Glucose absorption would be slow at first and then increase.

Glucose absorption would decrease

ATP breakdown provides the energy necessary for building a protein. This is an example of which concept? coupled reactions the first law of thermodynamics enzyme inhibition receptor-mediated endocytosis active transport

coupled reactions

Enzymes are usually named based on the substrate that they bind. This is possible because enzymes all have the same shape. each type of enzyme generally only binds one specific substrate. enzymes are used up in the reaction. an enzyme is only associated with one metabolic pathway. enzymes speed up the rate of a reaction.

each type of enzyme generally only binds one specific substrate

Which of the following correctly lists the order in which energy flows through an ecosystem? solar energy - mitochondria - chloroplast chloroplast - solar energy - mitochondria solar energy - chloroplast - mitochondria mitochondria - solar energy - chloroplast chloroplast - mitochondria - solar energy

solar energy - chloroplast- mitochondria

If blood cells are placed in a hypotonic solution, the cells will shrink due to water loss by the cell. be unaffected since they have a cell membrane to separate them from the solution. swell due to osmosis. burst due to active transport. shrink due to the loss of solutes from the blood cell.

swell due to osmosis

Considering the ATP cycle, which of the following would have the most potential energy to perform work for cell activities? ATP ADP adenosine AMP H+ ions

ATP

Which of the following statements about ATP is inaccurate? ATP is formed when energy is released during cell respiration. When ATP becomes ADP + P, the amount of energy released is enough for a biological purpose. ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and two phosphate groups. ATP contains the energy form used for cellular work. ADP is lower in potential energy than ATP.

ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and 2 phosphate groups

Once the substrate moves into the active site of the enzyme, the enzyme breaks the substrate into three products. the two molecules fuse together to form the product. the enzyme alters in shape to more closely fit the substrate. the substrate alters shape to more closely fit the active site. the substrate and enzyme both alter shape to fit together.

the enzyme alters in shape to more closely fit the substrate

Which of the following is an example of potential energy rather than kinetic energy? a bowl of oatmeal made up of energy-rich macromolecules a firefly using light flashes to attract a mate a skier at the bottom of the hill instead of the top of the hill a cell phone vibrating a candle giving off light

a bowl of oatmeal made up of energy rich macromolecules

Which of the areas shown in the figure below indicates the presence of an enzyme? a b c d both a and d

c

ATP is a good source of energy for a cell because it is able to be used in only one type of reaction. its breakdown is coupled with energy-requiring reactions. it provides excess energy for cellular reactions. it is not reusable. it takes no energy to make it.

its breakdown is coupled with energy requiring reactions

A tube with a membrane covering the bottom is placed in a beaker. The membrane allows water to flow through but not salt or glucose. If the tube contains an aqueous solution with 12% salt and 6% glucose and the beaker contains an aqueous solution with 13% salt and 10% glucose, what would happen to the level of the water in the tube? The level of the solution in the tube would rise because there are more dissolved solutes present in the beaker than in the tube. The level of the solution in the tube would lower because the glucose and salt would move into the tube. The level of the solution in the tube would rise because there are more dissolved solutes in the tube than the beaker. The level of the solution in the tube would lower because there are more dissolved solutes present in the beaker. The level of solution in the tube would not change because the solute levels are equal on both sides.

the level of the solution in the tube would lower because there are more dissolved solutes present in the beaker

Both starch and cellulose are polysaccharides made by stringing together many glucose molecules, but starch is easily digested by humans, while cellulose is indigestible. Starch has every bond occurring below the sugar rings while the bonds in cellulose alternate between one bond above the ring and the next below the ring. How can you explain humans' inability to digest starch but not cellulose? The enzyme that breaks down polysaccharides can only fit the specific bond configuration within a starch molecule. Humans do not eat cellulose. The acidic molecules found in stomach acid cannot act on the bonds that are above the sugar rings in cellulose. The alternating bonds make the cellulose molecule too large and bulky to enter cells for digestion. Cellular respiration is only capable of breaking down specific bonds.

the enzyme that breaks down polysaccharides can only fit the specific bond configuration within a starch molecule

Eggs are often preserved in a 20-30% salt solution called brine. How does this method prevent contamination by microorganisms? Bacteria can't survive in a hypertonic solution because they lose water. Bacteria can't survive in hypotonic solutions because of the added pressure of the water they take in. Bacteria cells are unable to digest the salt, thus killing the cells by starvation. The high-salt concentration increases the pH of the environment, making it unfavorable for bacteria to live there. The high-salt concentration creates an isotonic environment that the bacteria cannot live in.

Bacteria cant survive in a hypertonic solution because they lose water

Which of these words should be classified separately from the others? osmosis diffusion passive transport active transport facilitated diffusion

active transport

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics? Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another. One usable form of energy cannot be completely converted into another usable form. One usable form of energy can be completely converted into another usable form. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Energy cannot be transformed.

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another.

Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy? the energy in a glucose molecule the energy contained in a ball sitting at the top of a stairwell a roller coaster traveling downhill the energy contained in a salad the energy contained in water behind a dam.

a roller coaster traveling downhill

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1%. Which of the following processes could the cell use to obtain more calcium? passive transport diffusion active transport osmosis pinocytosis

active transport

Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it does not require the presence of an enzyme. requires energy from the cell. does not require energy from the cell. does not require control by the nucleus. moves molecules from low to high concentration.

does not require energy from the cell

Where within the cell is the majority of ATP produced? mitochondria cytoplasm nucleus endoplasmic reticulum Golgi body

mitochondria

When neurons release their neurotransmitters, they release them in secretory vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane. What type of cellular transport is this? active transport diffusion exocytosis pinocytosis osmosis

exocytosis

Molecules move from greater to lesser concentration through a carrier protein in simple diffusion. facilitated diffusion. pinocytosis. active transport. phagocytosis.

facilitated diffusion

Jarrod wants to make a salad but realizes that the celery he purchased a few days ago is very wilted. What type of solution could Jarrod use to help firm up the celery in order to make it crunchy again? hypotonic isotonic osmotic hypertonic saturated

hypotonic

Simple diffusion of molecules occurs from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration. in non-living systems as well as living systems. across plasma membranes only through transport proteins. until those molecules are more highly concentrated on one side of the plasma membrane. only in molecules that are in a gaseous state.

in non-living systems as well as living systems

The changing of an enzyme's shape as the substrate binds to the active site is called the lock and key theory. induced fit model. metabolic pathway hypothesis. energy of activation model. enzyme binding theory.

induced fit model

Energy of activation is the energy required for molecules to react with each other. requires the use of enzymes. allows for feedback inhibition. acts on the products of metabolic reactions. is a measure of the amount of solar radiation striking a leaf surface.

is the energy required for molecules to react with each other

If the concentration of the solute is the same in the cell as it is in the surrounding solution, the cell is in a(n)________ environment. isotonic hypertonic hypotonic osmotonic saturated

isotonic

Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a reaction by transferring electrons from one substance to another. adding additional heat to the environment surrounding the substrate(s). producing more enzymes. lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed. producing more substrates.

lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed

Which of the following is a by-product of photosynthesis that is used during cellular respiration? oxygen NADH carbon dioxide ATP FADH2

oxygen

Which of the types of cellular activities listed below can proceed without ATP energy? active transport muscular contraction flagella movement passive transport protein synthesis

passive transport

A white blood cell surrounds and engulfs a bacterial cell. This process is called active transport. phagocytosis. exocytosis. pinocytosis. facilitated diffusion.

phagocytosis

Which of the following methods of transport uses a coated pit to take in a specific type of molecule? passive transport receptor-mediated endocytosis osmosis exocytosis facilitated diffusion

receptor mediated endocytosis

Why do metabolic pathways require tens to hundreds of different enzymes? The enzymes are used up after one reaction and the molecules have to undergo multiple rearrangements. The enzyme is deformed by the interaction with the substrate and needs a period of time to return to its original reactive form, so many enzymes are needed to keep the pathway going. Since each step in a pathway utilizes a new substrate, a different enzyme is required for each step. Multiple enzymes are not required for the pathway, but having multiple enzymes speeds up the production of the final product. The enzymes are attached to a membrane and cannot move to the location of the new intermediate, so having a long line of enzymes to carry out the reaction allows the reaction to occur faster.

since each step in a pathway utilizes a new substrate a different enzyme is required for each step