Biology 1-6
What are characteristics of living things?
1. made up of cells 2. reproduce 3. based on universal genetic code 4. grow and develop 5. obtain and use materials and energy 6. respond to the environment 7. maintain stable internal environment 8. change over time
What is a chemical compound?
A chemical compound is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more substances.
Compare and Contrast light and electron microscope.
A light microscope created magnified images by using focusing visible light rays while an electron microscope produces magnified images by focusing beams of electrons
How is a scientific theory developed?
A scientific theory is developed when evidence from numerous investigations build up and are all supporting a particular hypothesis
What are acidic and basic solutions?
Acids contain more hydrogen ions and the pH levels range from 0 to 6. Bases contain more hydroxide ions and the pH levels range from 8 to 14.
How does the change in energy affect chemical reactions?
Chemical reactions that release energy often occur spontaneously and reaction that absorb energy will not occur without a source of energy.
How do chemical reactions affect bonds in compounds?
During chemical reaction the bonds are usually broken in the reactants and new ones are formed in the product.
How is Earth's temperature range maintained?
Earth's temperature range is maintained because it has a natural insulating blanket or the atmosphere
Why are enzymes important to living things?
Enzymes are important because they speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells.
How are hypotheses tested?
Hypothesis are tested by performing controlled experiments or collecting more data.
What is the difference between a solution and a suspension?
In a solution the components are evenly distributed between the solution and a suspension is a mixture of water and non-dissolved material
What are the two main types of bonds?
Ionic Bonding (transfer of electrons) Covalent Bonding (sharing of electrons)
Why is it important to work safely in biology?
It is important to work safely so you don't put other people's or animal's life in danger.
What is the measurement system that most scientist use?
Most scientist use the metric system because it is based by the units of 10 making it easier
Why are nutrients important to living things?
Nutrients are important to living things because they build tissues and carry out essential life functions.
What is the efficiency of energy transfer among organisms in an ecosystem?
Only about 10% of the energy is available in a trophic level is transferred to organism at the next trophic level
What are the sources of energy?
Sunlight (sun) or inorganic chemical compounds
Why are water molecules polar?
There is an uneven distribution of electron between the two hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atom.
What are two common laboratory techniques?
Two common laboratory techniques are cell culturing and cell fractionation. Cell culturing is the reproducing of cells in order to study the interactions between them. Cell fractionation is the separating of cells in order to study a certain layer.
What is a hypothesis?
a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations
Examples of limiting Factors
competition, predation, parasitism and disease, human disturbance, drought and other climate extremes
What are interactions that occur in an ecosystem?
competition: when organisms of the same or different species attempt to use an ecological resource in the same place at the same time predation:when one organisms captures and feeds on another organism symbiosis: any relationship in which two species live closely together
Difference between density-dependent factors and density-independent factor
density- dependent factors depend on the population size and density-independent affect all populations in similar ways (nothing to do with size)
What are the characteristics that govern aquatic ecosystems?
depth, flow, temperature, and the chemistry of the overlying water
How do ecosystems recover from disturbances?
ecological succession: no soil present - primary succession secondary succession
What are the two types of freshwater ecosystems?
flowing-water ecosystems (rivers, streams, creeks, and brooks) and standing-water ecosystems (lakes and ponds)
What is the flow of energy throughout an ecosystem?
flows from the sun or inorganic compounds to autotrophs then to various heterotrophs
Characteristics of population
geographic distribution, density, and growth rate
What human activities can affect the biosphere?
hunting and gathering, agriculture, industry, and urban development
Threats to biodiversity
hunting, introducing toxic compounds, introducing foreign species to a new environment, and altering the habitats
Characteristics of marine zones
intertidal zone: regular and extreme changes in their surroundings coastal ocean open ocean: oceanic zone
What are the three main climate zones?
polar, temperate, and tropical
Identify the three main subatomic particles.
proton (+) neutrons (n) electrons (-)
What is science?
science is an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world
What are microclimates?
the climate in a small area that differs from the climate around it
Factors that affect population size
the number of births, the number of deaths, that number of individuals that leave or enter the population
What is biodiversity and its value?
the sum total of the genetically based variety of all organism in a biosphere, can provide food, industrial products and medicines
What are the causes of climate change?
the trapping of heat by the atmosphere, the latitude, transport of heat by winds and ocean currents, and the amount of precipitation that results
How do biotic and abiotic factors influence an ecosystem?
they determine the survival and the growth of an organism and the productivity of the ecosystem in which that organism lives
How is the isotope of an element similar and different to the original element?
they have the same number of electrons but they have different numbers of neutrons
Characteristics of sustainable development
way of using natural resources without causing harm