Biology 100 Exam 1

All else being equal, which of the following is least likely to evolve via natural selection?

a population with no genetic variation

science

a process through which we gain a better understanding of the world around us

insulin is an example of

a protein

A monosaccharide is a(n):

a single ringed sugar molecule

cell theory

1. All living organisms are made up of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of life 3. Cells arise from pre-existing cells.

The MU Bookstore sells more Millersville t-shirts during Fall Semester than over the summer. As stated,

A correlative relationship

took on the idea of looking at pond water

Anthony VanLunHook

Why do certain plants possess caffeine?

Caffeine is a pesticide that paralyzes and/or kills insects that eat it

nucleic acid

DNA and RNA

Eukaryotic

Has a nucleus, multicellular, membrane bound

Which of the following is a null hypothesis?

Higher temperatures are not associated with greater rainfall

prokaryotic

No nucleus

discovered one of the earliest microscopes, piece of cork

Robert Hook

response to stimuli

When something in the environment signals some information to them they can respond, cannot respond to everything but certain cues, day vs. night changing behavior, seasonal change

biological evolution

a change in gene frequencies over time, acts on populations not individuals

Science as a philosophy has a number of unique characteristics. Based on our discussion in class, which of the following is not one of these attributes?

always correct

porteins

amino acid

lactase is an example of

an enzyme

Which of the following individuals likely has the highest biological fitness?

an individual that has many genetic offspring

hypothesis

an informed explanation of some phenomenon

antigens

anything that can be detected by antibodies

how are atoms defined

based on the number of protons they have

macro

big

Which of the following is NOT one of the most abundant elements in living things?

calcium

4 macromolecules

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

carbon with 8 neutrons and 6 protons is still carbon

carbon-14, radioactive, half life, breaks down into nitrogen-14

organization

cell based, specific cells perform specific tasks,

lysosome

cleans up waste

causation

clear relationship where A causes B or A and B are both influenced by C

Train of water

cohesion- water molecules are attracted to each other, adhesion (water gets pulled up through plant) high heat capacity- long time for temperature to change low density as a solid- ice floats good solvent- many things dissolve in water

symbiosis

ecological interaction between organisms doesn't mean good or bad

mutalism (type of symbiosis)

ecological relationships in which both organisms benefit from the relationship

what do we study in biology?

ecosystems, community, population, organisms, organ/organ system, cellular, molecular

carbohydrates

energy source

ase

enzyme

COVID-19 is the first pandemic to strike the United States. T or F

false

lipids

fats

What organisms deal with osmosis by producing dilute urine and actively transporting salts into their cells?

freshwater fish

molecule

group of 2+ atoms chemically bonded together

Why is a virus not considered living?

has to reproduce with a host cell

7 pieces of life

homeostasis, organization, metabolism, adaptation, response to stimuli, reproduction, evolve

Cohesion (a property of water) results from what type of bond?

hydrogen bond

cell membranes are

hydrophobic, head vs tail, semipermable

antibodies

in the cell membrane that can detect a difference in enviornment

types of antigens

infectious cells, viruses, venom or posion

active transport

input of energy to more substance, requires ATP, again the concentration gradient

Which of the following will NOT increase the accuracy of predictions regarding the spread of a disease in a population?

knowing where the disease originated

Which of the following is NOT a unique characteristic of water?

low heat capacity

adaptation

make adjustments to better suit the environment or other organisms around them, consuming or avoid being consumed

ribosome

make the RNA into proteins, found in cytoplasm or rough ER, protein that makes proteins

poly

many

Endocrine Disrupting Pollutants (EDCs) are compounds that:

mimic hormones in organisms and influence how hormones work in organisms

Which of the following is predicted to have originated through the endosymbiotic theory?

mitochondria

rough ER

modifies proteins for distribution throughout organism

marine fish

more salt on outside, water pulls out of cells, active transport, difference in urine,

When Carbon-14 undergoes radioactive decay, it sheds a beta particle and becomes:

nitrogen-14

where are a differ crabs taste buds?

on their feet

mono

one

Homeostasis

organism maintain conditions for their body, temperature, concentration of salt vs water,

When water moves freely across a semipermeable membrane from high to low concentrations, we referto the process as:

osmosis

most abundant elements in living things

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus

chloroplasts

perform photosynthesis, not in animal cells

Which of the following is true of evolution in a biological context?

populations evolve

mitocondria

powerhouse, energy,

Golgi apparatus

processes and packages proteins, lipid and other molecules

in

protein

which of the following has a positive charge?

protons

A neutrally charged atom has the same number of:

protons and electrons

freshwater fish

salt in cells but not outside, water will move freely to even about of water in cells, active transport

micro

small

correlation vs causation

something being correlated does not need to have a causation, but a causation does have a correlation

null hypothesis

states that there is NO relationship between the variables

alternative hypothesis

states that there is a relationship between the variables

spurious corrections

statistical correctional but nothing more, the number match up

what is hydrogen with no neutrons

still hydrogen

nucelus

stores DNA and RNA, technically not a organell

passive transport

substances moving from high to low concentration, need a channel to move through, diffusion (osmosis), facilitated diffusion (different proteins in membrane that facilitate the movement of things across the membrane)

ose

sugar

saccharide

sugar

biological fitness

survival which will allow the organism to leave the most copies of itself in future generations

smooth ER

synthesizes lipids and detoxifies molecules

science is 3 things

testable, falsifiable, self-correcting

The fact that electrons in a water molecule are far more attracted to oxygen rather than hydrogen results in:

the hydrogen "end" of the molecule having a slightly positive charge

endosymbiotic theory

the idea that cells all came from one and changed over time, cell engulf other cells to eat, host and organelle both benefit from endosymbiotic theory

biology

the study of living things

Coronaviruses get their name from:

their shape resembles a crown or the rays of the sun

why is carbon so special

there are 4 electrons on the outer ring, more bonds, gives complexity in DNA

If you've been following the news, you've probably heard about new or updated models projecting thespread of COVID-19 in the coming months. Over the last two years, the projections of these models havechanged repeatedly. How do these changing projections reflect on science as a process?

they show that science is a process, with more information scientific models and predictions can be improved

natural selection

things that are good at making copies of themselves make more copies of themselves

coffee purpose on plants

to protect the plant, acts as a natural pesticide

isotopes

variations of an atom with a different number of neutrons

osmosis

water moves from high concentration to low,

how do we detect macromolecules?

we taste them