Biology 101 Ch 14. Biotechnology and Genomics

a new form of genome editing which is being researched to allow pigs to grow additional organs for human transplants is called?

CRISPR

the most commonly used method of genome editing is called?

CRISPR

the new technology that acts as a "molecular scalpel", which allows scientists to edit specific gene sequences is called?

CRISPR

PCR is a technique used to create copies of a segment of ______ quickly in a test tube?

DNA

Recombinant DNA (rDNA) is?

DNA from two or more different sources

why is DNA polymerase important to the PCR reaction?

DNA has to be replicated

which enzyme is used during recombinant DNA production to like foreign DNA to vector DNA?

DNA ligase

which enzyme is used during recombinant DNA production to link foreign DNA to vector DNA?

DNA ligase

the _____ Project sought to determine the complete sequence of human DNA?

Human Genome

when small pieces of RNA are used to silence the expression of specific alleles it is called ______ interference?

RNA

a genomic sequence directly encoding functional products like RNA or protein is the definition of?

a gene

which of the following are vectors that have been used for in vivo gene therapy?

adenoviruses

the proteome is?

all of a species' proteins

which of the following is analogous to how "sticky ends" work when making rDNA?

attaching two complementary puzzle pieces

Which transgenic organisms are being used to produce insulin, give frost-resistance to plants, confer pesticide resistance to plants, and clean up oil spills?

bacteria

the field of study that relies heavily on computer technologies to analyze genomic and proteomic data is called?

bioinformatics

products made with or derived from transgenic or genetically modified organisms (GMO's) are called ________ products?

biotechnology or biotechnical

list the sequential order of events in ex vivo gene therapy of the disease SCID. please the first step at the top of the list? normal bone marrow cells divide to produce normal blood cells bone marrow cells are injected with a virus carrying a corrected gene bone marrow cells are injected into the patient bone marrow is removed from the patient's body

bone marrow is removed from the patient's body bone marrow cells are injected with a virus carrying a corrected gene bone marrow cells are injected into the patient normal bone marrow cells divide to produce normal blood cells

ex-vivo gene therapy removes ________ from the body, genetically modifies them, and then reinserts them?

cells

the production of genetically identical copies of DNA, cells, or organisms through some asexual means is called?

cloning

in order to analyze genomic and proteomic data, bioinformatics relies on?

computers

A modern field which allows scientists to change genomes, and can be used to create biotechnology products or change the organism's characteristics is called genetic?

engineering

gene therapy that inserts genetically modified cells into the body is known as ________ therapy?

ex-vivo

true or false: gene cloning refers to cloning of whole organisms?

false

a technology that can identify and distinguish among individuals based on variation of DNA is called DNA?

fingerprinting or profiling

what specific type of genomic study determines the role of the genome in cells and organisms?

functional genomics

in vivo gene therapy delivers the _____ directly into the body or cells?

gene

the type of cloning through which identical copies of a functional unit of DNA are made is called _______ cloning?

gene

which of the following technologies can occur naturally?

gene cloning

intergenic sequences occur between _______ on DNA strands?

genes

functional genomics tries to understand the exact role of the ______ in cells or organisms?

genes or genome

biotechnology products are produced by _______ modified organisms?

genetically

biotechnology products are produced by _________ modified organiams?

genetically

an organism that carries a foreign gene in their genome is a _______ organism?

genetically modified

genetic engineering allows scientists to change the ______ of organisms?

genome

a scientist seeking to study the complete genetic makeup of an organism is studying in the field of?

genomics

a transgenic organism______?

has had DNA from another organism inserted into its genome

which of the following are applications of transgenic bacteria?

help form ice crystals on plants production of growth hormone production of insulin

a major event in scientific history where labs from around the world took 13 years to sequence human DNA is called the _______ _______ _______?

human genome project

during cloning, asexual means are used to produce DNA, cells, or organisms that are genetically?

identical or exact

delivering new genes directly to the body or cells is called?

in vivo gene therapy

liposomes, lentiviruses, and inhaled adenoviruses are all examples of vectors used in?

in vivo gene therapy

when RNA sequences that are complementary to the mRNA transcribed by a gene of interest are used to silence the expression of certain alleles it is called RNA?

interference

DNA regions that reside between genes on a chromosome are called?

intergenic

an enzyme that links DNA fragments together is called DNA?

ligase

what is the most complex type of organism science has been able to clone?

mammal

multiplying bacteria on spoiled food, plants with new underground shoots, and identical twins are all examples of _____ cloning?

natural

subjecting a protoplast floating in foreign DNA to an electric current is one method of making a genetically modified?

plant

a technique that uses DNA polymerase with heating/cooling cycles to produce millions of copies of a particular piece of DNA is called?

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

which of the following human structures will contain the most functional pieces?

proteome

a plant cell whose cell wall is removed is called a(n)?

protoplast

a segment of DNA containing genes from both mice and humans would be called ________DNA?

recombinant or r

DNA is cut at specific points during recombinant DNA production using a ________ enzyme?

restriction

after DNA is cut by a restriction enzyme, one piece of DNA is attached to a foreign piece of DNA due to the formation of "_______" ends.

sticky

why is the gene therapy for SCID an ex vivo therapy?

the patients cells are removed before treating with viruses

genomics is?

the study of genomes

the correction of detrimental DNA mutation by inserting new DNA into the genome is called gene?

therapy

why does the DNA polymerase used for PCR need to come from the organism "Thermus aquaticus"?

this organism produces a DNA polymerase that can withstand heat

what is the role of a restriction enzyme?

to cut DNA

the function of genome editing is?

to remove or replace sequences of DNA

Genetically modified organisms that have had foreign DNA inserted into their genome are said to be?

transgenic

true or false: a gene's final product can be either RNA or protein?

true

true or false: in humans, around 95% of a protein coding gene is actually made up of introns?

true

true or false: modern science has been able to successfully clone a mammal?

true

true or false: the word "fingerprinting" is used to describe the technology of DNA fingerprinting because like a fingerprint, each human has their own unique DNA pattern?

true

gene therapy can use _______ as a vector?

viruses