Biology 101 Ch 14. Biotechnology and Genomics
a new form of genome editing which is being researched to allow pigs to grow additional organs for human transplants is called?
CRISPR
the most commonly used method of genome editing is called?
CRISPR
the new technology that acts as a "molecular scalpel", which allows scientists to edit specific gene sequences is called?
CRISPR
PCR is a technique used to create copies of a segment of ______ quickly in a test tube?
DNA
Recombinant DNA (rDNA) is?
DNA from two or more different sources
why is DNA polymerase important to the PCR reaction?
DNA has to be replicated
which enzyme is used during recombinant DNA production to like foreign DNA to vector DNA?
DNA ligase
which enzyme is used during recombinant DNA production to link foreign DNA to vector DNA?
DNA ligase
the _____ Project sought to determine the complete sequence of human DNA?
Human Genome
when small pieces of RNA are used to silence the expression of specific alleles it is called ______ interference?
RNA
a genomic sequence directly encoding functional products like RNA or protein is the definition of?
a gene
which of the following are vectors that have been used for in vivo gene therapy?
adenoviruses
the proteome is?
all of a species' proteins
which of the following is analogous to how "sticky ends" work when making rDNA?
attaching two complementary puzzle pieces
Which transgenic organisms are being used to produce insulin, give frost-resistance to plants, confer pesticide resistance to plants, and clean up oil spills?
bacteria
the field of study that relies heavily on computer technologies to analyze genomic and proteomic data is called?
bioinformatics
products made with or derived from transgenic or genetically modified organisms (GMO's) are called ________ products?
biotechnology or biotechnical
list the sequential order of events in ex vivo gene therapy of the disease SCID. please the first step at the top of the list? normal bone marrow cells divide to produce normal blood cells bone marrow cells are injected with a virus carrying a corrected gene bone marrow cells are injected into the patient bone marrow is removed from the patient's body
bone marrow is removed from the patient's body bone marrow cells are injected with a virus carrying a corrected gene bone marrow cells are injected into the patient normal bone marrow cells divide to produce normal blood cells
ex-vivo gene therapy removes ________ from the body, genetically modifies them, and then reinserts them?
cells
the production of genetically identical copies of DNA, cells, or organisms through some asexual means is called?
cloning
in order to analyze genomic and proteomic data, bioinformatics relies on?
computers
A modern field which allows scientists to change genomes, and can be used to create biotechnology products or change the organism's characteristics is called genetic?
engineering
gene therapy that inserts genetically modified cells into the body is known as ________ therapy?
ex-vivo
true or false: gene cloning refers to cloning of whole organisms?
false
a technology that can identify and distinguish among individuals based on variation of DNA is called DNA?
fingerprinting or profiling
what specific type of genomic study determines the role of the genome in cells and organisms?
functional genomics
in vivo gene therapy delivers the _____ directly into the body or cells?
gene
the type of cloning through which identical copies of a functional unit of DNA are made is called _______ cloning?
gene
which of the following technologies can occur naturally?
gene cloning
intergenic sequences occur between _______ on DNA strands?
genes
functional genomics tries to understand the exact role of the ______ in cells or organisms?
genes or genome
biotechnology products are produced by _______ modified organisms?
genetically
biotechnology products are produced by _________ modified organiams?
genetically
an organism that carries a foreign gene in their genome is a _______ organism?
genetically modified
genetic engineering allows scientists to change the ______ of organisms?
genome
a scientist seeking to study the complete genetic makeup of an organism is studying in the field of?
genomics
a transgenic organism______?
has had DNA from another organism inserted into its genome
which of the following are applications of transgenic bacteria?
help form ice crystals on plants production of growth hormone production of insulin
a major event in scientific history where labs from around the world took 13 years to sequence human DNA is called the _______ _______ _______?
human genome project
during cloning, asexual means are used to produce DNA, cells, or organisms that are genetically?
identical or exact
delivering new genes directly to the body or cells is called?
in vivo gene therapy
liposomes, lentiviruses, and inhaled adenoviruses are all examples of vectors used in?
in vivo gene therapy
when RNA sequences that are complementary to the mRNA transcribed by a gene of interest are used to silence the expression of certain alleles it is called RNA?
interference
DNA regions that reside between genes on a chromosome are called?
intergenic
an enzyme that links DNA fragments together is called DNA?
ligase
what is the most complex type of organism science has been able to clone?
mammal
multiplying bacteria on spoiled food, plants with new underground shoots, and identical twins are all examples of _____ cloning?
natural
subjecting a protoplast floating in foreign DNA to an electric current is one method of making a genetically modified?
plant
a technique that uses DNA polymerase with heating/cooling cycles to produce millions of copies of a particular piece of DNA is called?
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
which of the following human structures will contain the most functional pieces?
proteome
a plant cell whose cell wall is removed is called a(n)?
protoplast
a segment of DNA containing genes from both mice and humans would be called ________DNA?
recombinant or r
DNA is cut at specific points during recombinant DNA production using a ________ enzyme?
restriction
after DNA is cut by a restriction enzyme, one piece of DNA is attached to a foreign piece of DNA due to the formation of "_______" ends.
sticky
why is the gene therapy for SCID an ex vivo therapy?
the patients cells are removed before treating with viruses
genomics is?
the study of genomes
the correction of detrimental DNA mutation by inserting new DNA into the genome is called gene?
therapy
why does the DNA polymerase used for PCR need to come from the organism "Thermus aquaticus"?
this organism produces a DNA polymerase that can withstand heat
what is the role of a restriction enzyme?
to cut DNA
the function of genome editing is?
to remove or replace sequences of DNA
Genetically modified organisms that have had foreign DNA inserted into their genome are said to be?
transgenic
true or false: a gene's final product can be either RNA or protein?
true
true or false: in humans, around 95% of a protein coding gene is actually made up of introns?
true
true or false: modern science has been able to successfully clone a mammal?
true
true or false: the word "fingerprinting" is used to describe the technology of DNA fingerprinting because like a fingerprint, each human has their own unique DNA pattern?
true
gene therapy can use _______ as a vector?
viruses
