Biology 101 units 5-8

Human society in its current form is unsustainable because

important natural resources are being consumed more quickly than they can be replenished.

Micronutrients

includes vitamins and minerals

In aquatic ecosystems, primary productivity is most dependent on...

inorganic nutrients

While Jeff was looking under the microscope at cells in different stages of mitosis he commented on the fact that many cells were in the same stage. If you were looking under the compound light microscope at an onion root tip, what stage would the majority of the cells be in the cell cycle?

interphase

Which of the following statements describes the function of a chloroplast?

it converts light energy into chemical energy

Which of the following is not a property of water?

it is denser when frozen than when liquid

Carrie would like to observe the cilia on the surface of a live paramecium—a single-celled organism. The best device to do this would be a

light microscope

Desertification and deforestation are similar in that both involve

loss of plant and animal life in an area

In bacterial cells and plant cells, cell walls function in

maintaining cell shape

Refer to the figure. Which of the following is true regarding the labeled plasma membrane?

Parts W and Z are hydrophilic

What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell?

Plasma membrane

Plant cells can communicate with each other using what structure?

Plasmodesmata

What is the first step in energy flow through an ecosystem?

Producers absorb solar energy

Mercury can enter an aquatic food chain and collect in fish as well as people who eat fish. This is an example of which of the following processes?

biological magnification

Mitochondria are found in _____.

both plant cells and animal cells

which of the following would have the greatest influence in creating a more sustainable urban society?

decreasing the amount of land that is altered in order to accommodate human desires (new homes, factories, agriculture, etc.)

Which two terrestrial biomes are the most similar with regards to rainfall?

desert; temperate forest

A covalent bond occurs when

electrons are shared between two atoms to complete their octets.

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

eliminate nitrogenous waste

Proteins must be ingested in order to obtain

essential amino acids

The type of bond that would form from the transfer of an electron from one atom to another, shown below, is an ________ bond.

ionic

Most of the world's freshwater supply is used for

irrigating crops

In which ways does overfishing lead to decreased biodiversity?

It depletes fish that feed on some species and serve as food sources for other species, leading to the eradication of some species and the overpopulation of others.

The best definition of a nutrient is

a food component which performs a physiological function in the body.

Most skeletal muscles contain ________.

a mixture of fiber types

If your body is dehydrated, the control center in the brain will stimulate the release of a hormone which causes the reabsorption of water into the blood during urine formation. When the control center senses that enough water is reabsorbed, it will stop the release of the hormone. This is an example of

a negative feedback mechanism

A karyotype shows chromosomes arranged by

banding patterns, size, and shape

Without receptor proteins, a cell would not be able to

bind to signal proteins from other parts of the body.

chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in that they both

contain DNA

Which of the following methods may help conserve water by reducing the amount used for agriculture?

contour with no-till farming

The figure below is depicting the interaction of water molecules with one another, which involves the use of

hydrogen bonds

Isotopes of an element differ in their

neutron number

In the diagram below, the monomer that serves as the subunit to creating this organic molecule category is called

nucleotide

Which food choice below offers the healthiest fat for your heart?

oily fish

The single most important risk for skin cancer is ________.

overexposure to UV radiation

the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain is____________, resulting in formation of____________ .

oxygen; water

cellular respiration is the opposite of what other cellular process?

photosynthesis

Which feature is found in cells?

plasma membrane composed of phospholipids

Both plants & animals need mitochondria to

produce ATP

Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their PROPER sequence?

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

amino acids are needed to build ____________, just as ____________ are needed to create DNA

protein; nucleotides

In the reaction 6CO2 + 6H20- C6H12O6+6O2 carbon dioxide is one of the

reactants

Hydropower and wind power are similar in that both are

renewable energy sources

Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence for an altered protein that is secreted from the cell?

rough endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus-plasma membrane

The nervous system and endocrine system control the body's functions by

sending out messages by nerve impulse and hormones

Which of the following is an INCORRECT match?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum - storage of water

which of the following minerals is typically over-consumed by Americans?

sodium

cell size is limited because_____________ is critical to a cell's function

surface-area-to-volume ratio

Biomes are defined by

temperature and rainfall

Eukaryotic cells move their organelles using the endomembrane system

the cytoskeleton

DNA replication is called semiconservative because

the two resulting DNA molecules each have one new DNA strand and one old strand from the original DNA molecule.

Which bone would likely take the longest to heal?

thigh bone of an elderly individual

Inside the chloroplasts, chlorophyll is found in the

thylakoid membrane

Which of the following terrestrial ecosystems has the highest rate of primary productivity?

tropical rainforest

Water is a major limiting factor in which of the following biomes?

tundra

Most metabolic wastes leave the body through the production of ________ by the ________.

urine; urinary system

Which of the following has not contributed to declines in the world fish catch in recent years?

use of aquaculture & aquafarming

Which of the following creates the least amount of soil erosion?

use of drip irrigation systems

Armadillos have a diploid chromosome number of 64. At prophase I, an armadillo's cell would have ____ tetrads present.

32

which is not a function of blood?

All are functions of blood

Deoxyribose is a sugar found in

DNA

How does climate change affect Earth's oceans?

The pH level of the ocean will shift to a more acidic environment, leading to stress and the possible extinction of many species of shellfish and corals.

A cell being observed under a microscope has a cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, and chromosomal material that is not found in a nucleus. Based on this information, the cell could be a

bacterial cell

You are looking at a cell under a microscope and see what appears to be several X structures being pulled to each side of the cell. What stage of meiosis are you looking at?

anaphase I

The main goal of conservation biology is to

apply scientific principles to preserving and restoring ecosystems.

Which one of the following is the smallest unit of matter that has all the properties of an element?

atom

the four main categories of organic macromolecules are

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Which of the following is NOT a function of meiosis?

cause an organism to grow

Which of the following lists the levels of biological organization in order from simplest to most complex?

cell, cardiac muscle, heart, cardiovascular system, human

The main structural component of a plant cell wall is

cellulose

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

communication

The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand torsion stresses?

compact bone

Chromosomes are made from

condensed chromatin

Homeostasis maintains various levels within a narrow range only if environmental conditions do not fluctuate much.

false

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ________.

fat

During crossing-over,

genetic material is exchanged between nonsister chromatids, resulting in new combinations of alleles.

Carbohydrates are typically broken down to...

glucose, the molecule used as the energy source in cells.

Which of the following is an INCORRECT match of a molecule to the location where it is principally used?

glucose-lysosome

A stack of thylakoids inside a chloroplast are known as what?

granum

What does the folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane provide?

greater surface area for ATP production

In the human cycle,

meiosis produces haploid gametes, and fertilization creates a diploid cell that divides by mitosis to produce a new individual.

which of the following are greenhouse gases?

methane and carbon dioxide

The study of comparative genomics has given researchers the ability to look at multiple genomes from different species, which has lead to new ideas about the evolutionary history of organisms. The conclusion is that

modern vertebrates species evolved from the same ancestors, and large portion of their genome is conserved.

Biodiversity increases the consumptive value of land, meaning that

more value can be derived from the more diverse products produced by ecosystems with high biodiversity relative to land that has been cleared for agriculture.

Movement of body parts directly requires the

muscular system and skeletal system