Biology 101 units 5-8
In bacterial cells and plant cells, cell walls function in
maintaining cell shape
Refer to the figure. Which of the following is true regarding the labeled plasma membrane?
Parts W and Z are hydrophilic
Mitochondria are found in _____.
both plant cells and animal cells
A covalent bond occurs when
electrons are shared between two atoms to complete their octets.
The type of bond that would form from the transfer of an electron from one atom to another, shown below, is an ________ bond.
ionic
What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell?
Plasma membrane
Plant cells can communicate with each other using what structure?
Plasmodesmata
What is the first step in energy flow through an ecosystem?
Producers absorb solar energy
If your body is dehydrated, the control center in the brain will stimulate the release of a hormone which causes the reabsorption of water into the blood during urine formation. When the control center senses that enough water is reabsorbed, it will stop the release of the hormone. This is an example of
a negative feedback mechanism
Without receptor proteins, a cell would not be able to
bind to signal proteins from other parts of the body.
Mercury can enter an aquatic food chain and collect in fish as well as people who eat fish. This is an example of which of the following processes?
biological magnification
Which of the following lists the levels of biological organization in order from simplest to most complex?
cell, cardiac muscle, heart, cardiovascular system, human
The main structural component of a plant cell wall is
cellulose
Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?
communication
The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand torsion stresses?
compact bone
Chromosomes are made from
condensed chromatin
which of the following would have the greatest influence in creating a more sustainable urban society?
decreasing the amount of land that is altered in order to accommodate human desires (new homes, factories, agriculture, etc.)
Which two terrestrial biomes are the most similar with regards to rainfall?
desert; temperate forest
Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?
eliminate nitrogenous waste
Proteins must be ingested in order to obtain
essential amino acids
Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ________.
fat
During crossing-over,
genetic material is exchanged between nonsister chromatids, resulting in new combinations of alleles.
Carbohydrates are typically broken down to...
glucose, the molecule used as the energy source in cells.
Which of the following is an INCORRECT match of a molecule to the location where it is principally used?
glucose-lysosome
A stack of thylakoids inside a chloroplast are known as what?
granum
What does the folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane provide?
greater surface area for ATP production
Human society in its current form is unsustainable because
important natural resources are being consumed more quickly than they can be replenished.
Micronutrients
includes vitamins and minerals
In aquatic ecosystems, primary productivity is most dependent on...
inorganic nutrients
While Jeff was looking under the microscope at cells in different stages of mitosis he commented on the fact that many cells were in the same stage. If you were looking under the compound light microscope at an onion root tip, what stage would the majority of the cells be in the cell cycle?
interphase
Most of the world's freshwater supply is used for
irrigating crops
Which of the following statements describes the function of a chloroplast?
it converts light energy into chemical energy
Which of the following is not a property of water?
it is denser when frozen than when liquid
Carrie would like to observe the cilia on the surface of a live paramecium—a single-celled organism. The best device to do this would be a
light microscope
Desertification and deforestation are similar in that both involve
loss of plant and animal life in an area
which of the following are greenhouse gases?
methane and carbon dioxide
The study of comparative genomics has given researchers the ability to look at multiple genomes from different species, which has lead to new ideas about the evolutionary history of organisms. The conclusion is that
modern vertebrates species evolved from the same ancestors, and large portion of their genome is conserved.
Biodiversity increases the consumptive value of land, meaning that
more value can be derived from the more diverse products produced by ecosystems with high biodiversity relative to land that has been cleared for agriculture.
Movement of body parts directly requires the
muscular system and skeletal system
In which ways does overfishing lead to decreased biodiversity?
It depletes fish that feed on some species and serve as food sources for other species, leading to the eradication of some species and the overpopulation of others.
The best definition of a nutrient is
a food component which performs a physiological function in the body.
Most skeletal muscles contain ________.
a mixture of fiber types
A karyotype shows chromosomes arranged by
banding patterns, size, and shape
chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in that they both
contain DNA
Which of the following methods may help conserve water by reducing the amount used for agriculture?
contour with no-till farming
The figure below is depicting the interaction of water molecules with one another, which involves the use of
hydrogen bonds
Isotopes of an element differ in their
neutron number
In the diagram below, the monomer that serves as the subunit to creating this organic molecule category is called
nucleotide
Which food choice below offers the healthiest fat for your heart?
oily fish
The single most important risk for skin cancer is ________.
overexposure to UV radiation
the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain is____________, resulting in formation of____________ .
oxygen; water
cellular respiration is the opposite of what other cellular process?
photosynthesis
Both plants & animals need mitochondria to
produce ATP
Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their PROPER sequence?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
amino acids are needed to build ____________, just as ____________ are needed to create DNA
protein; nucleotides
In the reaction 6CO2 + 6H20- C6H12O6+6O2 carbon dioxide is one of the
reactants
Hydropower and wind power are similar in that both are
renewable energy sources
Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence for an altered protein that is secreted from the cell?
rough endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus-plasma membrane
The nervous system and endocrine system control the body's functions by
sending out messages by nerve impulse and hormones
Which of the following is an INCORRECT match?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum - storage of water
which of the following minerals is typically over-consumed by Americans?
sodium
cell size is limited because_____________ is critical to a cell's function
surface-area-to-volume ratio
Biomes are defined by
temperature and rainfall
Eukaryotic cells move their organelles using the endomembrane system
the cytoskeleton
DNA replication is called semiconservative because
the two resulting DNA molecules each have one new DNA strand and one old strand from the original DNA molecule.
Which bone would likely take the longest to heal?
thigh bone of an elderly individual
Inside the chloroplasts, chlorophyll is found in the
thylakoid membrane
Which of the following terrestrial ecosystems has the highest rate of primary productivity?
tropical rainforest
Water is a major limiting factor in which of the following biomes?
tundra
Most metabolic wastes leave the body through the production of ________ by the ________.
urine; urinary system
Which of the following has not contributed to declines in the world fish catch in recent years?
use of aquaculture & aquafarming
Which of the following creates the least amount of soil erosion?
use of drip irrigation systems
Armadillos have a diploid chromosome number of 64. At prophase I, an armadillo's cell would have ____ tetrads present.
32
which is not a function of blood?
All are functions of blood
Deoxyribose is a sugar found in
DNA
How does climate change affect Earth's oceans?
The pH level of the ocean will shift to a more acidic environment, leading to stress and the possible extinction of many species of shellfish and corals.
A cell being observed under a microscope has a cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, and chromosomal material that is not found in a nucleus. Based on this information, the cell could be a
bacterial cell
You are looking at a cell under a microscope and see what appears to be several X structures being pulled to each side of the cell. What stage of meiosis are you looking at?
anaphase I
The main goal of conservation biology is to
apply scientific principles to preserving and restoring ecosystems.
Which one of the following is the smallest unit of matter that has all the properties of an element?
atom
the four main categories of organic macromolecules are
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Which of the following is NOT a function of meiosis?
cause an organism to grow
Homeostasis maintains various levels within a narrow range only if environmental conditions do not fluctuate much.
false
In the human cycle,
meiosis produces haploid gametes, and fertilization creates a diploid cell that divides by mitosis to produce a new individual.
Which feature is found in cells?
plasma membrane composed of phospholipids