Biology 101L: Refining Set 5

If a human has forty-six chromosomes, what is the maximum number of chromatids that could be found in a cell in a normal human body? 46 12 4 92 23

92

Which of the following would be considered recombinant DNA? The human insulin gene A pure bred dog through three generations, such as a golden retriever A bacterial plasmid A bacterial transcription gene combined with a human promoter A viral genome

A bacterial transcription gene combined with a human promoter

An example of a transversion mutation is _____. A guanine substituted for a thymine. An adenine substituted for a guanine. A thymine substituted a cytosine. A cytosine substituted for a thymine.

A guanine substituted for a thymine.

Which of the following stages/processes releases carbon dioxide? Oxygen reduction Glycolysis The electron transport chain Alcoholic fermentation

Alcoholic fermentation

Consider the following experiment: A scientist determines that the number of dorsal spines of her experimental fish is determined by a single locus. She mates a fish with 1 dorsal spine with a fish of the same species with 2 dorsal spines. The mating produces ten fish, which all have 1 dorsal spine. Which of the following statements does not fit with this result? The progeny fish may be capable of producing progeny with only 1 spine. The '2-spine' parent fish has a homozygous genotype at the dorsal spine locus. All progeny fish are homozygous for the '1-spine' allele. '2 dorsal spines' is a recessive phenotype. The '1-spine' parent fish has a homozygous genotype at the dorsal spine locus.

All progeny fish are homozygous for the '1-spine' allele.

In order to perform glycolysis, which of the following needs to happen? Breakdown of oxygen ATP accepts a phosphate group The release of carbon dioxide The oxidation of NADH An investment of two ATP molecules

An investment of two ATP molecules

Active transport involves Chemical energy Simple diffusion Sodium ions Movement with a concentration gradient The movement of water

Chemical energy

During animal cell division, actin filaments organize into the _____. Mitotic spindle Plasma membrane Cell plate Contractile ring

Contractile ring

In which method of DNA Replication would new DNA consist of alternating parent and daughter DNA? Semi-Conductive Conservative Extracellular Dispersive Semi-Conservative

Dispersive

Which type of factors has the biggest impact on an organism's life history? Factors unique to the organism's survival and fitness Environmental factors Physiological factors Factors related to the predators of that species

Factors unique to the organism's survival and fitness

Which of the following bases are categorized as purines? Thymine and adenine Guanine and cytosine Guanine, adenine and uracil Thymine, cytosine and uracil Guanine and adenine

Guanine and adenine

Which of the following are reasons why RNA is generally less stable than DNA? I. Fewer hydrogen bonds II. Prevalence of proteins that can degrade RNA III. Fewer -OH groups in the sugar of RNA I and II II and III I, II and III I and III

I and II

Which of the following is an example of natural selection? I. Albino animals are rare in nature because they are easy for predators to find. II. The fastest gazelle is least likely to be eaten by a lion. III. The gorilla that is strong enough to become alpha male is the most likely to pass on his genes. I and II I and III I, II and III II and III III

I, II and III

Where are hydrogen bonds located within the DNA? On the backbone of the molecule linking the nitrogen bases to the deoxyribose On the backbone of the molecule linking the phosphate group and the deoxyribose sugar In the center of the molecule linking the nitrogen bases of both strands In the center of the molecule linking the phosphorus and the deoxyribose

In the center of the molecule linking the nitrogen bases of both strands

Which type of immune cell acts as a clean-up crew that phagocytizes left over debris, bacteria, and dead cells? Macrophage Neutrophil Eosinophil Complement cell

Macrophage

Where is the starting point of ribosome synthesis? Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Nuclear localization signal Nuclear pore Nuclear lamina

Nucleolus

What is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium used to describe? The allele frequencies for genes of interest in a large population not subject to evolutionary pressure Every gene in every species living in a single ecosystem without migration The frequency of phenotypes present in a species displaying significant mate choice The predicted time until the next episode of genetic drift will disrupt a population

The allele frequencies for genes of interest in a large population not subject to evolutionary pressure

What usually happens in a natural population as it approaches its carrying capacity? Niche differentiation. The population drops dramatically. The growth rate of the population slows down. The population will migrate to an area with more resources. Nothing; the population will keep growing at the same rate.

The growth rate of the population slows down.

In the early embryo, how are the positions of the mesoderm and endoderm different? The mesoderm is the innermost layer of the cells, while the endoderm is the middle layer. The mesoderm is the innermost layer of the cells, while the endoderm is the outermost layer. The mesoderm is the outermost layer of the cells, while the endoderm is the innermost layer. The mesoderm is the middle layer of the cells, while the endoderm is the innermost layer.

The mesoderm is the middle layer of the cells, while the endoderm is the innermost layer.

How does a frameshift mutation in the gene coding for the enzyme, hexosaminidase A, result in Tay-Sachs disease? The mutation results in incorrect synthesis of the enzyme. The mutation results in over production of the enzyme. The mutation does not alter production of the enzyme. The mutation prevents synthesis of the enzyme.

The mutation results in incorrect synthesis of the enzyme.

Which of the following is true about essential amino acids? They must be obtained through foods. They typically include serine. None of the answers are correct. All of the answers are correct. They can be synthesized by your body.

They must be obtained through foods.

Which of these is one reason to cover damaged epithelium with a dressing? To introduce infection into the body. To absorb nutrients like epithelium. To produce mucus-like epithelium. To simulate the covering and protective aspects of epithelium.

To simulate the covering and protective aspects of epithelium.

What is the anticodon for the codon AAG? CCA UUG UUC GGU

UUC

ATP is created during the light reactions of photosynthesis in a manner that is similar to cellular respiration. How is this accomplished? by a proton concentration gradient and ATP synthase by the energy derived from photosystems I and II by the creation of a water molecule by joining protons and electrons by the citric acid cycle and NAD+ reduction by the splitting of a water molecule and movement of electrons through ATP synthase

by a proton concentration gradient and ATP synthase

When the dendrite is in its resting state (i.e. the inside of the cell has a net negative charge and the outside of the cell has a net positive charge), its membrane is _____. transmitting polarized localized depolarized

polarized

What is reproduction using gametes? budding asexual reproduction binary fission sexual reproduction

sexual reproduction

Which strand of DNA serves as the template for transcription? the sense strand the helical strand the parent strand the antisense strand the daughter strand

the antisense strand