Biology 111 Final
Which of the following is the CORRECT pairing of a structure with its function? epididymis: production of testosterone seminal vesicles: storage of sperm while they mature corpus luteum: production of estrogen and progesterone endometrium: the usual site of fertilization
corpus luteum: production of estrogen and progesterone
Arrange the following structures in the order in which carbon dioxide is excreted from the body.a. trachea b. bronchiole c. pharynxd. alveoli e. larynx A) c, e, a, b, d B) c, a, e, d, b C) d,b, a, e, c D) e, c, b, a, d
d,b, a, e, c
The presence of protein in the urine indicates which of the following? A) high levels of transcription and translation by the bodies tissues B) damage to the renal tubules C) damage to the filtration membrane D) too much protein in the diet
damage to the filtration membrane
Atrial natriuretic peptide _____________. A) decreases systemic blood pressure B) decreases blood calcium level C) increases blood sugar level D) decreases glomerular filtration
decreases systemic blood pressure
In an EKG, what does the QRS wave indicate? A) electrical signal over the atria B) electrical signal over the ventricles C) second heart sound D) first heart sound
electrical signal over the ventricles
Which of the choices below is not a function of the urinary system? A) helps maintain homeostasis by controlling the composition, volume, and pressure of blood B) eliminates solid, undigested wastes and excretes carbon dioxide, water, salts, and heat C) regulates blood glucose levels and produces hormones D) maintains blood osmolarity
eliminates solid, undigested wastes and excretes carbon dioxide, water, salts, and heat
The condition in which walls of the alveoli break down, thereby creating fewer and larger chambers, is called ________. A) TB B) bronchitis C) emphysema D) influenza
emphysema
Which of the following is NOT a part of the lymphatic system? A) lymph nodes B) lymphatic vessels C) lymph D) erythrocytes
erythrocytes
The photoreceptors are most tightly packed into a specific part of the retina called the ________. A) choroid B) fovea C) optic nerve D) ciliary body
fovea
______________ stimulates the liver cells to release glucose into the the blood. A) ADH B) insulin C) parathyroid hormone D) glucagon
glucagon
ACTH injection would cause an increase in the secretion of _____________. A) growth hormone B) antidiuretic hormone C) thyroxin (T4) D) glucocorticoids
glucocorticoids
Which one of the following substances is least likely to be present in the lumen of structure 2?
glucose
Several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland. The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland is through the ________. A) hepatic portal system B) hypophyseal portal system C) feedback loop D) general circulatory system
hypophyseal portal system
The process in which the intercostal muscles contract, pulling the rib cage upward and outward and causing the lungs to inflate, is called ________. A) inspiration B) exhalation C) expiration D) deflation
inspiration
Passive immunity differs from active immunity in that passive immunity _____________. A) results in the production of antibodies B) is not effective against a preexisting condition C) involves the administration of preformed antibodies D) results in the production of memory cells
involves the administration of preformed antibodies
Which one of the following is required in the diet in order to produce thyroid hormones? A) calcium B) iron C) phosphorus D) iodine
iodine
Lacteals absorb __________. fructose lipids glucose amino acids
lipids
Which receptors are responsible for touch, pressure, hearing, and equilibrium? A) chemoreceptors B) photoreceptors C) mechanoreceptors D) thermoreceptors
mechanoreceptors
Which one of the following cells transmit impulses away from the central nervous system to the muscles and other organs? A) neuroglia B) dendrites C) sensory neurons D) motor neurons
motor neurons
Which one of the following would result in natural passive immunity? A) movement of antibodies across the placenta from mother to child B) administering a serum with antibodies to an individual C) vaccination D) production of memory cells
movement of antibodies across the placenta from mother to child
The innermost lining of the gastrointestinal tract is the ________. A) submucosa B) mucosa C) serosa D) muscularis externa
mucosa
The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the ________. A) nephron loop B) capsular space C) nephron D) glomerular capsule
nephron
Which of the following is a chemical signal that diffuses across synapses to convey a message to the next cell? A) action potential B) neurotransmitter C) synapse D) dendrite
neurotransmitter
In saltatory conduction, nerve impulses jump from one exposed region of the axon to another. This exposed region is called the ________. A) Schwann cell gap B) node of Ranvier C) interneurons D) motor end plate
node of Ranvier
Body defenses that respond to generalized tissue damage and many common pathogens are referred to as A) lymphomas B) specific mechanisms C) nonspecific mechanisms D) phagocytic
nonspecific mechanisms
An egg cell that is not fertilized follows which path? ovary, uterus, oviduct, cervix, vagina ovary, oviduct, uterus, cervix, vagina ovary, oviduct, cervix, uterus, vagina oviduct, ovary, cervix, uterus, vagina
ovary, oviduct, uterus, cervix, vagina
ADH and oxytocin are secreted from the ________pituitary gland. posterior primary secondary anterior
posterior
If a person were stranded for two days with virtually no drinking water, you would expect the following to occur. A) production of concentrated urine B) a decrease in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion C) a decrease in aldosterone secretion D) production of dilute urine
production of concentrated urine
Pepsin digest_________. A) starch B) fatty acids C) glycogen D) proteins
proteins
Each of the following is part of the systemic circuit EXCEPT the A) pulmonary arteries B) left ventricle C) superior vena cava D) aorta
pulmonary arteries
Which of the following blood vessels carries blood with the highest concentration of carbon dioxide? A) coronary arteries B) pulmonary vein C) pulmonary artery D) aorta
pulmonary artery
Which of the following transports oxygenated blood? A) pulmonary trunk B) superior vena cava C) pulmonary artery D) pulmonary vein
pulmonary vein
The ____________ sphincter regulates the flow of content from the stomach to the duodenum. lower esophageal pyloric cardiac fundus
pyloric
The sinoatrial node_____________________. A) regulates the rate of heart contraction B) is located in the left atrium C) is also known as the atrioventricular node D) receives signals from the atrioventricular node
regulates the rate of heart contraction
An individual has been diagnosed with persistent proteinuria (protein in the urine). This condition is due to damage in which one of the following regions of the nephron? A) collecting duct B) proximal tubule C) distal tubule D) loop of Henle E) renal corpuscle
renal corpuscle
All of the following are part of an individual's vital capacity EXCEPT which one? A) inspiratory reserve volume B) residual volume C) expiratory reserve volume D) tidal volume
residual volume
The following image represents the axon of a stimulated neuron. The area of the axon depicted by "Y" (peach color) represents _____________. repolarization depolarization resting potential hyperpolarization
resting potential
The digestion of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates is completed in the ____________. A) stomach B) liver C) pancreas D) small intestine
small intestine
The end products of the digestion of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are absorbed in the A) liver B) pancreas C) small intestine D) stomach
small intestine
Antigens are ____________. A) proteins the body produces against invading substances. B) cells that protect the body against invaders. C) specific molecules, or parts of molecules, that the body recognizes as foreign. D) enzymes secreted to destroy a pathogen's cell wall.
specific molecules, or parts of molecules, that the body recognizes as foreign.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a demyelinating disease that results from nerve damage in the A) brain B) sensory nerves C) intercostal muscles D) spinal cord E) diaphragm
spinal cord
Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system? A) carrying out immune responses B) transporting respiratory gases C) draining excess interstitial fluid D) transporting dietary fats
transporting respiratory gases
An example of chemical digestion is the break down of __________ into __________. starch//glycogen triglycerides//fatty acids fatty acids//cholesterol amino acids//proteins
triglycerides//fatty acids
When urine leaves the kidneys, it enters the___________. A) ureter B) urinary bladder C) urethra D) nephron
ureter
Which of the following pairs is mismatched? interstitial cells; male hormone production vas deferens: semen production urethra: sperm passage seminiferous tubules: sperm production
vas deferens: semen production
A massive release of histamine causes __________ and a(n) __________ in arterial blood pressure. vasodilation//decrease vasodilation//increase vasoconstriction//increase vasoconstriction//decrease
vasodilation//decrease
How many pulmonary arteries empty into the right atrium of the heart? 0 2 4 1
0
Which of the following structures contains renal corpuscles?
1
Which of the following structures contains juxtamedullary nephrons?
2
Each gamete contains____________. 46 pairs of chromosomes 46 chromosomes 52 chromosomes 23 chromosomes
23 chromosomes
Place the following synapse steps in order:1- Release of neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft, 2- Postsynaptic channels open, 3- Calcium enters the axon bulb, 4- Neurotransmitter bind with receptors. A) 2-3-1-4 B) 2-4-3-1 C) 3-4-2-1 D) 3-1-4-2
3-1-4-2
Each of the following statements correctly describes an action potential EXCEPT which one? A) Once triggered, an action potential always looks exactly the same in form and voltage. B) Action potentials include a depolarization phase followed by a repolarization phase. C) Action potentials are propagated by neurotransmitters. D) An action potential continues to propagate itself into the next region of an axon.
Action potentials are propagated by neurotransmitters.
Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids is most likely to cause all of the following conditions, EXCEPT: a) Suppression of the inflammatory response b) Increase of blood glucose levels c) Cushing's syndrome d) Addison's disease
Addison's disease
Which statement best describes arteries? A) Only large arteries are lined with endothelium. B) All carry blood away from the heart. C) All contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood. D) All carry oxygenated blood to the heart.
All carry blood away from the heart.
______________breaks down starch into maltose. A) Pepsin B) Bile C) Amylase D) Hydrochloric acid
Amylase
Which of the following types of cells are responsible for producing and releasing antibodies? A) T lymphocytes B) macrophages C) B lymphocytes D) natural killer cells
B lymphocytes
What letter represents the pulmonary veins? A) A B) B C) E D) C E) D
C
Which one of the following stages in the figure above occurs due to a surge of LH midway through the ovarian cycle?
C
Gastric glands do not secrete__________. A) HCl B) pepsin C) intrinsic factor D) chyme
Chyme
Which of the following structures is NOT part of a spermatozoa? a) Mitochondria b) Cilia c) Acrosome d) Chromosomes
Cilia
Which structure represent the corpus luteum?
D
Which of the following statements best describes the events that are occuring in area 2 of the graph? A) Threshold B) The membrane has repolarized C) Hyperpolarizarion D) The membrane is depolarize
D) The membrane is depolarize
Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of digestion? Pancreas Liver Duodenum Salivary glands
Duodenum
Contraction of this structure increases lung volume. A) A B) B C) C D) E
E
At the beginning of each ovarian cycle, which one of the following hormones causes the development of a primary oocyte? A) estrogen B) FSH C) prolactin D) progesterone E) LH
FSH
Identify structure B A) Corpus luteum B) Graafian follicle C) Ovum (Secondary oocyte) D) Primary oocyte
Graafian follicle
Antibodies are classified by size, location, and function, and which one of the following represents the most common type of immunoglobulin? A) IgD B) MHC C) IgA D) IgG
IgG
______________promotes the synthesis of glycogen . A) Aldosterone B) LH C) Insulin D) ACTH E) Oxytocin
Insulin
________lowers blood sugar levels; ________raises the level of blood sugar. Glucocorticoids; insulin Glucagon; glucocorticoids Glucagon; insulin Insulin; glucagon
Insulin; glucagon
Which of the following statements about glucagon is correct? A) It promotes the synthesis of fat. B) It stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose. C) It promotes the entry of glucose into cells. D) It stimulates the alpha cells of the pancreas to produce insulin.
It stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose.
______________causes release of the egg (ovum) from the ovary. A) LH B) Insulin C) ACTH D) Oxytocin E) Aldosterone
LH
________occurs when a portion of the heart muscle dies due to lack of oxygen. A) Myocardial Infarction B) Stroke C) Atherosclerosis D) Hypertension
Myocardial Infarction
Which of the following conditions occurs during repolarization of the membrane? A) Sodium ions move out of the cell B) Potassium ions move outside of the cell C) Sodium ions move inside the cell D) Potassium ions move inside of the cell
Potassium ions move outside of the cell
Pacinian corpuscles sense __________. pressure pain light touch temperature
Pressure
Which of these is the most correct sequence of signals? A) SA node > AV node > AV bundle > Purkinje fibers > walls of the ventricle B) SA node > AV bundle > AV node > ST segment C) SA node > Purkinje fibers > AV node > AV bundle > walls of the ventricle D) SA node > AV bundle > AV node > ST segment > Purkinje fibers
SA node > AV node > AV bundle > Purkinje fibers > walls of the ventricle
______________is a clinical condition caused by hyposecretion of thyroid hormones (T3&T4) a) Exophtalmus b) Simple goiter c) Graves' disease d) Kidney stones
Simple goiter
Which one of the following spermatogenesis stages develops directly into mature motile sperm? A) spermatids B) primary spermatocytes C) secondary spermatocytes D) spermatogonia
Spermatids
Which of the following does not act as antigen-presenting cells? Macrophages Dendritic cells T cells B cells
T cells
Which one of the following types of T cells is a critical component of the immune system because it stimulates and enhances the activity of other components of the immune system? A) cytotoxic T cell B) T helper cell C) T suppressor cell D) T memory cell
T helper cell
Select the statement below that does NOT occur during meiosis I. A) A single diploid (2n) cell has become two haploid (n) cells. B) The homologous chromosomes are separated from each other. C) A single haploid (n) cell has become two haploid (n) cells. D) The sister chromatids are separated from each other.
The sister chromatids are separated from each other.
Which of the following statements best describes the events that are occuring in area 1 ofthe graph? A) Hyperpolarization B) The membrane has repolarized C) The membrane is depolarized D) Threshold
Threshold
Name the structure in the circle: Appendix Microvillus Circular fold Villus
Villus
Which major digestive process involves nutrient molecules passing across the mucosal layer of the GI tract into the blood or lymph? A) secretion B) mechanical processing and movement C) digestion D) absorption
absorption
All of the following are involved in the inflammatory response EXCEPT A) histamine B) antibodies C) pain D) vasodialation
antibodies
All of the following represent physical and/or chemical barriers that form the body's first line of defense against pathogens EXCEPT which one? A) tears B) earwax C) antibodies D) skin surface
antibodies
Life-threatening aneurysms are most likely to occur in A) capillaries B) veins C) arterioles D) arteries
arteries
Vaccination stimulates __________ immunity. artificial active natural passive artificial passive natural active
artificial active
Administering antibodies to an individual is and example of __________ immunity. natural passive artificial passive natural active artificial active
artificial passive
The path to a myocardial infarction starts with a fat-filled plaque blocking a coronary artery. This condition is called ________. A) angioplasty B) a stent C) coronary bypass D) atherosclerosis
atherosclerosis
Botulism toxin interferes with the fusion of acetylcholine-containing vesicles with the membrane of the axon bulb. This would result in which one of the following? A) inability of neurotransmitter to bind the receptor on the postsynaptic membrane B) blocking of neurotransmitter release by the presynaptic membrane C) slow diffusion of the neurotransmitter across the synaptic cleft D) blockage of Ca2+ diffusion into the axon
blocking of neurotransmitter release by the presynaptic membrane
Which of the following receive(s) blood during ventricular systole? A) pulmonary veins only B) both the aorta and pulmonary trunk to p.arteries C) pulmonary arteries only D) aorta only
both the aorta and pulmonary trunk to p.arteries
The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ________. A) when the peritubular capillaries are dilated B) by a decrease in the blood pressure C) when the pH of the urine decreases D) when the specific gravity of urine rises above 1.10
by a decrease in the blood pressure
The primary function of ________ is the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells. A) capillaries B) arteries C) veins D) arterioles
capillaries
Which of the following is associated with the specific defenses of the body? A) the complement system B) interferons C) cell-mediated immunity D) the inflammatory response
cell-mediated immunity
The opening of the uterus is referred to as the___________. A) cervix B) endometrium C) clitoris D) oviduct
cervix
The watery mixture of partially digested food produced in the stomach is called A) mucus B) pepsin C) chyme D) bolus
chyme
Which of the following are proteins in the blood, which when activated can lyse bacterial cells, mark other bacterial cells for destruction, and enhance inflammation? A) antibodies B) interferons C) albumins D) complement
complement
The function of angiotensin II is to ________. A) decrease water absorption B) decrease arterial blood pressure C) decrease the production of aldosterone D) constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure
constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure
Which one of the following is CORRECT regarding human gametes (egg and sperm)? A) contain 46 chromosomes B) are also known as primary spermatocytes and primary oocytes C) produced by the process of mitosis D) contain the haploid number of chromosomes
contain the haploid number of chromosomes
Which of the following causes blood to move through veins? A) contraction of skeletal muscle B) vasodilation C) blood pressure D) contraction of smooth muscle
contraction of skeletal muscle
