Biology #4 study guide

True or False: All amino acids are specified by only one codon?

False

True or False: All organisms have the same number of chromosomes.

False

True or False: Genes are the keys to alms or everything that living cells do.

False

True or False: In eukaryotic chromosomes, DNA replication begins at a single point in the chromosome and proceeds in two directions.

False

Transfers each amino acid to the ribosomes to help assemble proteins.

tRNA

What is the complementary strand of basis for a strand with the bases TACGTT?

(A-T) (G-C) (A-A)

3 main differences between RNA and DNA?

1. DNA is double standard as RNA is single. 2.RNA replaces T with U. 3. RNA uses ribose( an extra oxygen atom) as a sugar.

What is an anticodon?

3 bases on tRNA complements to mRNA codon.

Translation which is correct?: A. Before translation occurs, messenger RNA is transcribed from DNA in the nucleus. B. Translation occurs in the nucleus. C. It is the job of transfer RNA to being the proper amino acid into the ribosome to be attached to the growing peptide chain. D. When the ribosome reaches a stop codon, releases the newly formed polypeptide and the mRNA molecule.

A. Before translation occurs, messenger RNA is transcribed from DNA in the nucleus. C. It is the job of transfer RNA to being the proper amino acid into the ribosome to be attached to the growing peptide chain. D. When the ribosome reaches a stop codon, releases the newly formed polypeptide and the mRNA molecule.

Proteins are made by joining_______ into long chains called polypeptides?

Amino acids

Which is true?: A. During transcription, DNA polymerase binds to RNA and separates the DNA strands. B. RNA polymerase uses one strand of DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides into a strand of RNA. C. RNA polymerase binds only to DNA promoters, which have specific base sequences. D. Promoters are signals in RNA that indicate to RNA polymerase when to begin transcription.

B. RNA polymerase use only one strand of DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides into a strand of RNA. C. RNA polymerase binds only to DNA. Promoters, which have specific base sequences.

What occurs durning the process of replication?

Duplicating its DNA.

What is true about chromosome structures? A. The DNA in eukaryotic cells is very loosely packed. B. Prokaryotic cells contain more DNA then eukaryotic cells. C.A human cell contains more than 1 meter of DNA. D. The DNA of the smallest human chromosome is nearly 10 times long as many bacterial chromosomes.

C. A human cell contains more than 1 meter of DNA. D. The DNA of the smallest human chromosome is nearly 10 times longer as long as many bacterial chromosomes.

What occurs during the process of translation?

Cell produces proteins.

Two new_____ strands are produced, following the rules of ______.

Complementary, Base pairing

Eukaryotic chromosomes contain both DNA and protein, packed together to form?

Cromotin

Where DNA is located in a prokaryotic cell?

Cytoplasm

The letter of the codon that serves as the "start" codon for protein synthesis? A. UGA B. UAA C. UAG D. AUG

D. AUG

Why are individual chromosomes visible only during mitosis?

During most of the cell cycle the chromosomes are spread out through the Nucleolus

Many proteins are____, which catalyze and regulate chemical reactions.

Enzymes

What is the importance of the cell'a ability to copy a single DNA sequence into RNA?

Gene makes lots of RNA single.

What occurs when a molecule of DNA is "unzipped"?

Hydrogen bonds break and two strands unwind.

Major roles DNA polymerase in the process of DNA replication?

Proof reads the DNA.

What is the one job in which most RNA molecules are involved?

Protein syntheses.

The site where DNA replications and separation occurs are called?

Replication Forks

Point of ribosomes?

Ribosomal RNA

Where does translation take place?

Ribsomes

(First stop of DNA Replication) The DNA molecule_______, or unzips, into two strands.

Seperates

(Step 2 of DNA Replication) Each strand serves as a________, or model, to produce the new strands.

Template

What do nucleosomes do?

They fold DNA into the nucleus

What is a codon?

Triplets of nucleotide that are instructions for amino acids.

True or false: most prokaryotic cells contain a single, circular DNA molecule.

True

True or False: Each DNA molecule resulting from replication has one original strand and one new strand.

True.

True or False: RNA is like a disposable copy of a DNA segment?

True.

How can only four bases in RNA carry instructions for 20 different amino acids?

Using 3 letters turn into bases 3 letters long.

What carries copies of the instructions for assembling amino acids from DNA to the rest of the cell.

mRNA