biology

A cell that has been damaged by ultraviolet radiation is likely to go through_________. mitosis apoptosis meiosis specialization

apoptosis

Which of the following correctly contrasts anabolic and catabolic pathways? 1. Anabolic pathways consume energy, whereas catabolic pathways release energy. 2. Anabolic pathways release energy, whereas catabolic pathways require energy. 3. Anabolic pathways use oxygen, whereas catabolic pathways do not. 4. There is no contrast, they are synonymous terms.

1

If you were to toss 4 coins up into the air, what is the probability that all 4 would land heads up? 1/16 1/8 1/4 1/2

1/16

If you were to toss 3 coins up into the air, what is the probability that all 3 would land heads up? 1/8 1/4 1/6 1/2

1/8

In pea plants, a single gene codes for seed shape. The dominant allele codes for round and the recessive allele codes for wrinkled seeds. An individual that is true-breeding for round seeds is mated with an individual that is true-breeding for wrinkled seeds. What is the expected proportion of F1 offspring with round seeds? 100% 75% 50% 25% 0%

100%

A human body cell, such as a liver cell, contains a total of ____________ chromosomes. 12 23 46 48

48

The most abundant tissue type in the body is Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous

Connective

Which of the following statements best describes the significance of meiosis in most animals? Ensures that offspring will have the same genes as the fitter parent Contributes to genetic diversity, which is necessary for natural selection Improves the fitness of a species

Contributes to genetic diversity, which is necessary for natural selection

The fiber type that can be stretched is called Collagen Elastin Actin Myosin

Elastin

Glands that secrete their product into ducts are called _____ glands Endocrine Exocrine Columnar Cuboidal

Exocrine

A serous membrane secretes mucus. True False

False

Both mitosis and meiosis begin with a single diploid cell, but their end products are different. True or False: meiosis yields 4 distinct diploid cells. True False

False

Mendel's law of segregation states that genes do not influence each other with regard to sorting of alleles into gametes. True False

False

The net yield of the Citric Acid Cycle is 36 ATP. True False

False

The structure and function of an organ system is NOT dependent upon the structure and function of the tissues and cells therein. True False

False

In the absence of oxygen, the cell's ability to convert the stored energy of glucose to usable ATP In unchanged Greatly decreases Greatly increases

Greatly decreases

The organelle in which the Krebs cycle takes place is the Chloroplast Mitochondria Lysosome Nucleosome

Mitochondria

Which of the following is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain? NADH FADH2 Oxygen (O2) Coenzyme A

Oxygen

In pea plants, a single gene codes for seed shape. The dominant allele codes for round and the recessive allele codes for wrinkled seeds. Which of the following genotypes could a plant with round seeds possess? RR or Rr RR Rr rr

RR or Rr

During the _______ stage of the cell cycle, the genetic material is copied and the chromosomes become replicated. M G1 S G2

S

Which of the following protects all of the others? Muscle tissue Bone tissue Nervous tissue Cartilage Skin

Skin

The muscle tissue without striations is Skeletal Smooth Cardiac Voluntary Multinucleated

Smooth

Which of the following is a term used to describe the number of layers of cells? Stratified Squamous Columnar Cuboidal

Stratisfied

Two plants are crossed, resulting in offspring with a 3:1 phenotypic ratio and further analysis reveals a 1:2:1 genotypic ratio for a particular trait. What does this suggest? That the trait shows incomplete dominance That the parents were true-breeding for contrasting trait That the parents were both heterozygous for a single trait That each offspring has the same alleles for each of two trait

That the parents were both heterozygous for a single trait

The usefulness of fermentation as a means of deriving energy is limited because It cannot generate enough ATP It produces too much NH2 The end products are toxic to the producer It uses more energy than it produces

The end products are toxic to the producer.

Which level of organization consists of specialized cells of the same type joined together? Cell Tissue Organ Organ System

Tissue

A test cross involves crossing an individual with an unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual and observing the offspring. True False

True

Anabolism involves the conversion of small compounds to larger compounds. True False

True

Cells are surrounded by tissue fluid, which is continually refreshed because oxygen and nutrient molecules constantly enter it and waste molecules continually leave it to enter the bloodstream. True False

True

Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of an enzyme to block enzyme activity. True False

True

Consanguineous relationships, relationships between relatives, are dangerous because they reduce the amount of genetic variability. True False

True

In general, a loss of cell cycle control causes normal cells to become cancer cells. True False

True

Ligaments connect bones to other bones at joints. True False

True

Mendel's work directly contradicted the accepted theory of the time, continuous variation, which stated that offspring were a blend of the parental traits. His theory was known as discontinuous variation. True False

True

The primary function of nervous tissue is to provide communication for the body. True False

True

True or False: During chemiosmosis in aerobic respiration, protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix into the outer compartment of the mitochondria. True False

True

Enzymes take part in nearly all metabolic reactions. What is an enzyme's impact on the activation energy of a chemical reaction? Complete the sentence: Enzymes _______________ the activation energy of a reaction. decrease increase do not change No answer text provided.

decrease

Without the presence of enzymes, the reactions necessary to sustain life would require ___________________ in order to occur. Identify other factors can influence reaction rates. Higher temperatures More organelles Larger cells Lower pH

higher temp

Chromosomes that have the same genes are ___________________. alleles analogous homologous somatic

homologous

The exchange of genetic material (called crossing over) between replicated homologous pairs of chromosomes occurs during ___________. mitosis meiosis interphase all of the above

meiosis

Identify the genotype (genes) of an individual that is homozygous recessive for a trait. ww WW Ww WW or Ww Ww or ww WW or ww

ww