Biology: Chapter 12

It is necessary for genetic material to be able to undergo mutations in order to provide genetic _________ for evolution to occur.

Variation

What are characteristics of the genetic material that early scientists were seeking?

Storage of genetic information, able to undergo mutations, and a stable molecule.

The two purine bases in DNA are:

Adenine and guanine

Around 1950, the hypothesis that proteins were genetic material was back up by what evidence?

Associated with chromosomes and contained 20 different amino acids for a variety of information.

What is the best explanation as to why the number of guanines in an organisms DNA is equal to its number of cytosines ?

Because cytosine pairs with guanine in DNA.

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty demonstrated that __________ was genetic material.

DNA

During the 1940s, scientists considered what two molecules most likely to be genetic material?

DNA and protein

What bacteriologist from 1920 jump-started the search for DNA?

Frederick Griffith

A genetically modified organism has ________ from another organism added to its genome.

Genes

The genetic material must have the characteristics of being able to store genetic __________ about development, cell structure,and metabolism.

Information

What are the steps necessary to cause a pig to be bioluminescent like some jellyfish are?

Isolate the jellyfish bioluminescent gene and insert the jellyfish gene for bioluminescent into the pig DNA.

Both DNA and RNA are types of molecules called _______ acids.

Nucleic

Thymine and cytosine are nitrogen-contained bases called __________.

Pyrimidine

Why must genetic material be a stable molecule?

So replication can be accurate and genetic material can be passed from generation to generation.

___________ refers to bacteria taking up extraneous genetic material.

Transformation