Biology Chapter 3

Match each polysaccharide with its function. Starch Cellulose Glycogen Chitin

-A major storage polysaccharide in plants -A structural polysaccharide found in plants -A major storage polysaccharide in animals -A structural polysaccharide in arthropods and fungi

(acidic or basic?) The carboxyl group is ___________ while the amino group is ____________.

Acidic, Basic

Match the following polymers with their monomers. Proteins Carbohydrates Nucleic acids

Amino acids Monosaccharides Nucleotides

Proteins are composed of monomers called ___________ _________, nucleic acids are composed of monomers called _________, and carbohydrates are composed of monomers called __________(for example, glucose).

Amino acids, nucleotides, monosaccharides

Which polysaccharides function primarily to store energy?

Amylose, Amylopectin, Glycogen

In humans, how is glucose transported in the blood?

As simple monosaccharide

Choose all similarities between starch and cellulose?

Both are polysaccharides Both are found in plants

The 4 main groups of biological macromolecules.

Carbohydrates, Nucleic acids, Proteins, and Lipids

Which of the following functional groups are polar?

Carboxyl, Carbonyl, Hydroxyl, Amino

Some polysaccharides are....

Chitin, Glycogen, Cellulose, Starch

In order to obtain a stable outer shell of electrons, carbon forms four

Covalent Bonds

During this type of reaction, a molecule of water is removed.

Dehydration

Transport forms of sugars are commonly made by linking 2 monosaccharides together to form a ____________

Disaccharide

When a carbohydrate is formed by linking two monosaccharides by a condensation reaction, we get water plus which of the following?

Disaccharide

A subcategory of stereoisomers that are mirror-images of each other are called ____________.

Enantiomers

A small group of atoms that are attached to larger molecules, providing them with specific chemical properties, is called which of the following?

Functional Group

Match each disaccharide with its components. Maltose Sucrose Lactose

Glucose and glucose Glucose and fructose Glucose and galactose

Molecules consisting only of carbon and hydrogen are called

Hydrocarbons

A general (all-inclusive) term for organic molecules that have the same molecular formula, but that differ in their structure or in the spatial arrangement of their atoms, is ________________.

Isomer

Organic molecules with the same molecular formula may exist in different forms called which of the following?

Isomers

In most plants, how is glucose transported from one part of the plant to another?

It is combined with another monosaccharide to form a disaccharide

The main sugar found in milk is the disaccharide ____________

Lactose

Lactose intolerance is caused by which of the following?

Low levels of the enzyme that digests lactose

Polymers are long molecules made of many small, similar units called ________________.

Monomers

Which of the following describe monosaccharides (choose all that apply)?

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates. Monosaccharides are monomers that can be joined together to form more complex carbohydrates. Monosaccharides are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

C--C and C--H bonds are best described as which of the following?

Nonpolar

A long molecule built by linking together a large number of small, similar molecules termed monomers is which of the following?

Polymer

Long polymers made of monosaccharides that have been linked through dehydration reactions are called ___________.

Polysaccharides

The main difference between starch & cellulose.

Starch is composed of α-glucose subunits and cellulose is composed of β-glucose subunits.

Glucose and galactose can be described as which of the following?

Stereoisomers

Glucose and fructose can be described as which of the following?

Structural isomers

Hydrocarbons are nonpolar due to which of the following?

The electronegativities of carbon and hydrogen are very similar.

Which of the following describes stereoisomers?

They are identical in terms of which atoms are bonded to each other, but differ in the spatial arrangement of their atoms. They have the same number and types of atoms.

Which of the following statements about enantiomers are true?

They have the same carbon skeleton but differ in how the groups attached to the skeleton are arranged in space. They are mirror images of each other.

Statements that are true about structural isomers.

They have the same molecular formula They differ in the actual structure of their carbon skeleton They are composed of the same number and type of atoms

How are disaccharides formed?

Two monosaccharides are linked together through dehydration synthesis

Biological polymers are often made using dehydration (or condensation) reactions. During these dehydration reactions which of the following occurs (choose all that apply)?

Two separate molecules are joined together by a covalent bond. A molecule of water is removed from the reactants. An H atom is removed from one molecule and an -OH group is removed from another molecule.

The simplest carbohydrates are

monosaccharides